TGT05216

INTERPRETATION OF
PHYSICAL ATTRACTIONS

By

Mr. BIFANDIMU, Donatus

OUR DYNAMIC PLANET

Objective: Describe each of

physical features of the earth.
 What are physical
resources/features?
• Found on the earth natural/man made
features.
• Most commonly found on a relief map!
We will be focusing on
• Oceans, mountains, lakes, astronomy,
rivers, forces, weathering, hills, valleys and
islands
 The term “attraction”

• means an interesting or enjoyable place

where people can go. It can be things which
attract/draws peoples attention and make
them travel with desires to see and
experience them.
 Tourist attraction
• means places or things which attract tourist
to visit and see or experience them.
Mentions examples of tourist attraction found
in Tanzania, east Africa and world wide?
 A tourist attraction

• Is a place of interest where tourists Visit,

typically for its inherent or exhibited
cultural value, historical significance,
natural or built beauty, or amusement
opportunities. Some examples include
historical places, monuments, zoos, aquaria,
museums and art galleries, botanical
gardens, buildings and structures.
Astronomy
 What is astronomy?
• Is the study of anything we see in the sky, and
beyond.
• Overlaps with physics, chemistry, geology, and
other sciences.
Astronomy began with people observing their
surroundings:-
• What did the sky look like when herds moved?
• When a season changed?
• When was it good to plant?
• Planets, sun moon, and stars all seemed to
move independently
What have you observed?
Moon, planets(Venus, Mercury), stars,
meteors (shooting stars), aurora, comets etc.
 Solar system
• The solar system is a collection of planets,
moons, asteroids, comets, dust and gas that orbit
our local star, the sun. It includes the rocky
inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars;
the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn; and the ice
giants Uranus and Neptune.
• It is simply defined as the arrangement of
planets and other heavenly bodies that revolve
around the sun.
Cont..
• Between Mars and Jupiter is a collection of
asteroids known as the asteroid belt, while
beyond Neptune is where small icy bodies,
like Pluto and comets, live.
 HOW OLD IS OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM?
• About 4.6 billion years ago, a giant cloud of dust and gas
known as the solar nebula collapsed under its own gravity
and began to form what would eventually become the solar
system's sun and planets. Meteorites, or pieces of space
rock that have fallen to Earth, have helped scientists figure
out the age of the solar system.
• Some of these small pieces have broken off of moons or
planets and can yield interesting scientific information
about the chemistry and history of their home body. Others
have been traveling around the solar system since its
beginning, before the planets even existed.
 HOW DID OUR SOLAR
SYSTEM FORM?
• Scientists think the solar system formed when a
nearby exploding star, called a supernova,
triggered the collapse of the solar nebula.
According to this theory, the explosion sent
shock waves through space, and those shock
waves pushed parts of the nebula closer
together, leading to collapse.
 THE SUN
• The sun is at the center of the solar system and is its largest
object, accounting for approximately 99.86% of the total mass
of the solar system.
• It is simply the heart of the solar system.
• The sun is a giant, raging ball of fire powered by nuclear
reactions, and it provides the energy that sustains life on Earth.
• The yellow dwarf star is made up of gas about 75% hydrogen
which powers the sun’s energy production, and 24% helium,
and the remaining 1% consists of heavier elements like oxygen,
carbon, neon and iron.
• It is 109 times the diameter of the earth, and it could fit about
1.3 million earths inside it if it were hollow.
• OUR SOLAR SYSTEM'S PLANETS
 The planets of the Solar System
Planet Distance(0000 Satellite Density
00) (gm/cm3)
Mercury 0.381 0 5.44
Venus 0.723 0 5.245
Earth 1.000 1 5.517
Mars 1.524 2 3.945
Jupiter 5.203 16 1.33
Saturn 9.539 18 0.70
Uranus 19.182 17 1.66
Neptune 30.058 8 1.66
The Planets
 A. What’s in Our Solar System?

• Our solar system consists of a central star

(the Sun), planets, dwarf planets, moons,
asteroids, comets, meteors, interplanetary
gas, dust, and all the “space” in between.

• Except for Earth, the planets of the solar

system are named for Greek and Roman
gods and goddesses.
The Relative Size of the Planets in
the Solar System
 B. Planets are categorized
according to size and composition

– Small, rocky planets are the inner planets

closest to the sun
– gas giants are the outer planets
 Inner and Outer Planets
• Inner Planets: • Outer Planets
1. Mercury 5. Jupiter
2. Venus 6. Saturn
3. Earth 7. Uranus
4. Mars 8. Neptune
1. Characteristics of Inner Planets

• They are made up mostly of rock and metal.

• They are very heavy.
• They move slowly in space.
• They have no rings and few moons (if any).
• They have a diameter of less than 13,000
km.
 a. Mercury
• Has a revolution period of 88
days.
• Has 800°F (4270C) during the
day, and -3300F (-2010C) at night.
Temperature swings from day to
night because there is no
atmosphere to trap heat.
• Is about 1/3 of Earth’s size
• Is about 1/3 Earth’s distance from
the sun (0.39 AU)
 b. Venus
• Has retrograde rotation – so the sun
rises in the west and sets in the
east!
• Reaches 900F (4820C) at the
surface due to a strong greenhouse
effect.
• Venus has no moons and takes 225
days to complete an orbit.
• Is about the same size as Earth
• Is about 2/3 Earth’s distance from
the sun (0.72 AU)
 c. Earth
• Is the only planet known to
support life!
• Its average temperature is 590F
(150C)
• Has a surface composed of 71%
water.
– Water is necessary for life on Earth.
• Is the basis for the Astronomical
Unit (distance from sun to Earth =
1 AU)
 d. Mars
• Its average temperature is -800F (-
620C)
• Mars appears red because of iron
oxide, or rust, in its soil.
• Mars has two moons and takes about
two years to complete an orbit.
• Is about ½ of Earth’s size
• Is about 1 ½ times as far from the sun
as Earth (1.52 AU)
 2. Characteristics of Gas Giants

• They are made up mostly of gases

(primarily hydrogen & helium).
• They are very light for their size.
• They move quickly in space.
• They have rings and many moons.
• They have a diameter of 49,000 km or
greater
 a. Jupiter
• Is the largest, most massive planet.
• Its average temperature is -2340F
(-1450C)
• Takes about 12 years to orbit the
sun.
• Jupiter has 16 known moons.
• Is about 11 times larger than
Earth.
• Is about 5 times farther from the
sun than Earth (5.19 AU)
b. Saturn
• Has many rings made of ice.
• Its average temperature is -2880F (-
1780C)
• Has 18 known moons
• Takes about 30 years to orbit the
sun.
• Is almost10 times larger than Earth
• Is nearly ten times farther from the
sun than Earth (9.5 AU)
 c. Uranus
• It has an average temperature of -
3570F (-2160C)
• Has 17 known moons
• Takes 84 years to complete one
orbit.
• Is about 4 times larger than Earth
• Is about 19 times farther from the
sun than Earth (19.1 AU)
 d. Neptune
• It has an average temperature
of -3530F (- 2140C)
• Takes 165 years to orbit the sun
• Has 8 moons
• Is about 3.8 times larger than
Earth
• Is about 30 times farther from
the sun than Earth (30 AU)
 Earth’s Movements
• The Earth has two movement, Rotation and Revolution.
• As long as you live on the Earth, these motions remain
imperceptible.

1. ROTATION
• Is the movement of the Earth on its own axis. The earth
spins on is own axis.
• It takes about 24 hours (actually 23 hours, 56 minutes,
and 4 seconds) to complete one rotation, at a speed of
1,038 miles/hour equivalent 1670.49 kilometer/hour
• It rotates from West to East — that’s why the Sun rises
in the East and sets in the West.
 Rotation cont…
Effects of rotation of the earth.
•Day and night; One side of the Earth faces the
sun (day), while the other faces away (night).
•Coriolis effect; rotating force influences wind and
ocean current directions, causing them to curve.
•Tides; the Earth's rotation, along with the
gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun, contributes
to the rise and fall of tides.
Effects of rotation of the earth cont…..
• Time zones; as the earth rotates, different parts
experience sunrise and sunset at different times.
This causes different places on the earth’s surface
to experience different times at the same time.
• Gaining or losing a day when crossing the
International Date Line (IDL). When crossing
the IDL from East to West, you lose one day, and
crossing the IDL from West to East, you gain one
day.
2. REVOLUTION
Effects of the earth’s revolution
Effects of the earth’s revolution cont….
Effects of the earth’s revolution cont….
 STARS
• A star is a luminous ball of gas, mostly
hydrogen and helium, held together by its own
gravity. Nuclear fusion reactions in its core
support the star against gravity and produce
photons and heat, as well as small amounts of
heavier elements. The Sun is the closest star to
Earth.
• Stars are found everywhere in space, usually in
large groups called galaxies. The sun is part of
galaxy called the Milky Way
 Asteroids
• Asteroids are small solid/rocky heavenly bodies
in the solar system revolving around the sun in a
belt between Mars and Jupiter.
• They are also called planetoids because they
look like planets
• An asteroid belt (a region in space with a
millions of asteroids) is found between Mars
and Jupiter.
• The asteroids are only visible via a telescope
because they are very far away from the earth.
 Meteors
• Meteors are pieces of rocks falling from outer space.
A meteor is what I seen in the sky when small piece
of space rock enters the earth’s atmosphere.
• They become visible between 110 km and 145 km
from the earth’s surface.
• These rocks burn completely and disappear as a result
of friction with the atmosphere, however, some do not
burn completely and reach the earth’s surface.
• When they don’t burn completely and they reach and
land on the earth’s surface they are known as
Meteorites.
Meteors cont…..
• There are two meteorite in Tanzania, one is found
in Ndolezi Village, Mbozi district in Songwe
region about 65 kilometers south-west of Mbeya
city.
• The other is in Malampaka village, Maswa
district in Simiyu region.
• When striking the earth’s surface, they may cause
depression such as the Great Meteor Depression
in Arizona in USA, which is 150M deep and
about 1km wide.
Usefulness of Solar System in Tour
Guiding Operations