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Chapter 2-1 Lecture Note

Chapter 2 discusses the transfer functions and block diagram algebra for feedback control systems, detailing the forward, feedback, open-loop, and closed-loop transfer functions. It explains the interconnection of subsystems in cascade, parallel, and feedback forms, as well as the procedures for block diagram reduction to find the overall transfer function. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the concepts and application of these principles.

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2 views19 pages

Chapter 2-1 Lecture Note

Chapter 2 discusses the transfer functions and block diagram algebra for feedback control systems, detailing the forward, feedback, open-loop, and closed-loop transfer functions. It explains the interconnection of subsystems in cascade, parallel, and feedback forms, as well as the procedures for block diagram reduction to find the overall transfer function. Examples and exercises are provided to illustrate the concepts and application of these principles.

Uploaded by

aymanahmed774725558
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 2

BLOCK DIAGRAM

1
Transfer function for feedback control system
 The general feedback form (simplified model) is shown in
figure below:
Plant & Controller
R(s) + E(s) C(s)
± Error G(s)

B(s)
H(s)
Feedback

2
Transfer function for feedback control system
 Forward path transfer function, G(s) G ( s)  C ( s)
R( s)
B( s)
 Feedback path transfer function, H(s) H (s) 
C (s)

 Open-loop transfer function, G(s)H(s)


C ( s) B( s) B( s)
G (s) H (s)   
E (s) C (s) E (s)
 Closed-loop transfer function, T(s)
C (s)
T (s) 
R( s)
3
Block diagram algebra
 When multiple subsystems are interconnected, a few more
schematic elements must be added to the block diagram.
 There new elements are summing junctions and pickoff
points.

4
Block diagram algebra
 There are three basic common forms, by which the
subsystem are connected together;
 Cascade form
 Parallel form
 Feedback form

5
Block diagram algebra
 Cascade (series) form
 Transfer functions connected in series are combined by
multiplication.

6
Block diagram algebra
 Parallel Form
 Transfer functions connected in parallel are combined by
addition.

7
Block diagram algebra
 Feedback Form

8
Block diagram algebra
 Moving blocks to create familiar forms –
 Block diagram for summing junctions

C ( s ) R ( s )G ( s )  X ( s )G ( s )

To the left past a summing junction


9
Block diagram algebra
 Moving blocks to create familiar forms –
 Block diagram for summing junctions

C ( s ) R ( s )G ( s )  X ( s )

To the right past a summing junction


10
Block diagram algebra
 Moving blocks to create familiar forms –
 Block diagram for pickoff points

To the left past a pickoff point


11
Block diagram algebra
 Moving blocks to create familiar forms –
 Block diagram for pickoff points

To the right past a pickoff point


12
Block diagram reduction
 Procedure for reduction of block diagram:
1. Reduce the cascade blocks
2. Reduce the parallel blocks
3. Reduce the internal feedback loops
4. It is advisable to shift take-off points toward right and summing
points toward left.
5. Repeat step 1 to step 4 until the simple form is obtained.
6. Find the transfer function of the overall system using the
formula C(s)/R(s).

13
Block diagram reduction
Example 2-2
Reduce the block diagram shown in figure below to a single
transfer function.

14
Block diagram reduction
Solution 2.2…

15
Block diagram reduction
Example 2-3
Reduce the block diagram shown in figure below to a single
transfer function.

16
Block diagram reduction
Solution 2.3…
To the right pass a
summing junction

17
Block diagram reduction
Solution 2.3…

Feedback

18
Block diagram reduction
Exercise 2-4
Find the equivalent transfer function, T(s) = C(s)/R(s), for the
system shown below.

19

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