ABSTRACT CLASSES,

ABSTRACT METHODS
AND INTERFACES
ABSTRACT CLASSES
A class that is declared with abstract keyword, is
known as abstract class in java. It can have
abstract and non-abstract methods (method with
body).
Syntax:
1. public abstract class Shape{

public abstract void Draw( ); // Abstract

method without definition
public void Display( ) {
System.out.println(“Display Method
of Shape class”);
}
ABSTRACTION IN JAVA
 Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation
details and showing only functionality to the user.
 Another way, it shows only important things to the user

and hides the internal details.

for example: sending sms, you just type the text and
send the message. You don't know the internal processing
about the message delivery.
 Abstraction lets you focus on what the object does instead

of how it does it.

Ways to achieve Abstraction
 There are two ways to achieve abstraction in java

 Abstract class (0 to 100%)

 Interface (100%)
ABSTRACT CLASSES
 A class must be declared abstract if any of the following
condition is true

- The class has one or more abstract methods

- The class inherits one or more abstract methods for

which it does not provide implementation

- The class declares that it implements an interface but

does not provide implementation for every method of
that interface
ABSTRACT CLASSES
 An abstract class cannot be instantiated
Abstractclasses defer the
implementation to subclasses
The subclass must provide the
implementation of the abstract method
or declare itself to be abstract in which
case the implementation is deferred
once again
 Youcan declare a variable/reference of an
abstract class
EXAMPLE

public abstract class LivingThing {

public void breath( ){
System.out.println("Living Thing
breathing..."); }
public void eat( ){
System.out.println("Living Thing eating...");
}
public abstract void walk( );
public
} class Human extends LivingThing {

public void walk( ){

System.out.println("Human walks..."); }
}
1. abstract class Shape{
2. abstract void draw();
3. }
4. class Rectangle extends Shape{
5. void draw( ){ System.out.println("drawing rectangle"); }
6. }
7. class Circle1 extends Shape{
8. void draw( ){ System.out.println("drawing circle"); }
9. }
10.

11. class TestAbstraction1{

12. public static void main(String args[]){
13. Shape s=new Circle1( );
14. s.draw( ); If you are extending any abstract class
that have abstract method, you must
15. } either provide the implementation of
16. } the method or make this class abstract.
 GeometricObject Abstract class
-color: String
-filled: boolean
-dateCreated: java.util.Date
The # sign indicates
protected modifier #GeometricObject()
#GeometricObject(color: string,
filled: boolean)
+getColor(): String
+setColor(color: String): void
+isFilled(): boolean
+setFilled(filled: boolean): void
+getDateCreated(): java.util.Date
+toString(): String
+getArea(): double
Abstract methods +getPerimeter(): double
are italicized Methods getArea and getPerimeter are overridden in
Circle and Rectangle. Superclass methods are generally
omitted in the UML diagram for subclasses.

Circle Rectangle
-radius: double -width: double

+Circle() -height: double

+Circle(radius: double) +Rectangle()
+Circle(radius: double, color: string, +Rectangle(width: double, height: double)
filled: boolean) +Rectangle(width: double, height: double,
+getRadius(): double color: string, filled: boolean)
+setRadius(radius: double): void +getWidth(): double
8
+getDiameter(): double +setWidth(width: double): void
+getHeight(): double
+setHeight(height: double): void
ABSTRACT METHOD IN ABSTRACT CLASS

• An abstract method cannot be contained in a non-

abstract class.
• If a subclass of an abstract superclass does not
implement all the abstract methods, the subclass must
be defined abstract.
• In other words, in a non-abstract subclass extended
from an abstract class, all the abstract methods must
be implemented, even if they are not used in the
subclass.
OBJECT CANNOT BE CREATED FROM ABSTRACT
CLASS

• An abstract class cannot be instantiated using the new

operator, but you can still define its constructors,
which are invoked in the constructors of its subclasses.

• For instance, the constructors of GeometricObject are

invoked in the Circle class and the Rectangle class.
 ABSTRACT CLASS HAVING CONSTRUCTOR,
DATA MEMBER, METHODS ETC.
1. abstract class Bike{
2. Bike( ){
3. System.out.println("bike is created"); }
4. abstract void run();
5. void changeGear( ){
6. System.out.println("gear changed"); }
7. }
8. class Honda extends Bike{
9. void run(){
10. System.out.println("running safely.."); }
11. }
12. class TestAbstraction2{
13. public static void main(String args[ ]){
14. Bike obj = new Honda();
15. obj.run();
16. obj.changeGear();
ABSTRACT CLASS WITHOUT ABSTRACT
METHOD

• A class that contains abstract methods

must be abstract.
• However, it is possible to define an
abstract class that contains no abstract
methods.
• In this case, you cannot create
instances of the class using the new
operator. This class is used as a base
class for defining a new subclass.
SUPERCLASS OF ABSTRACT CLASS MAY
BE CONCRETE

• A subclass can be abstract even if its superclass is

concrete.
• For example, the Object class is concrete, but its
subclasses, such as GeometricObject, may be
abstract.
DEFINING A INTERFACE
IMPLEMENTING A INTERFACE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ABSTRACT CLASS AND
INTERFACE
THANK YOU