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IGCSE Chapter 2 Data Transmission

Chapter 2 of the IGCSE Computer Science (0478) covers data transmission, detailing packet structure, methods of transmission (serial, parallel, simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and the importance of error detection and encryption. It explains how data is sent in packets, the role of routers in packet switching, and various error detection methods like parity checks and checksums. The chapter emphasizes the need for secure data transmission through encryption to prevent unauthorized access.

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76 views14 pages

IGCSE Chapter 2 Data Transmission

Chapter 2 of the IGCSE Computer Science (0478) covers data transmission, detailing packet structure, methods of transmission (serial, parallel, simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex), and the importance of error detection and encryption. It explains how data is sent in packets, the role of routers in packet switching, and various error detection methods like parity checks and checksums. The chapter emphasizes the need for secure data transmission through encryption to prevent unauthorized access.

Uploaded by

hassankhan9199637
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IGCSE Computer Science (0478)

Chapter 2: Data Transmission (Full


Detailed PPT)
2.1 Types and Methods of Data
Transmission
• Data is broken into packets before
transmission.
• Packet structure includes header, payload,
trailer.
• Packet switching used to send data across
networks.
• Multiple methods of transmission: Serial,
Parallel, etc.
Packet Structure
• Each data packet contains:
• - Header: destination address, origin address,
packet number
• - Payload: actual data being sent
• - Trailer: error checking information
Packet Switching
• Packets can take different routes to the
destination.
• A router determines the best path for each
packet.
• Packets may arrive out of order and are
reordered.
• Ensures reliable transmission over networks.
Data Transmission Methods
• Serial: sends 1 bit at a time over a single wire.
• Parallel: sends multiple bits simultaneously
over multiple wires.
• Simplex: one-way transmission only.
• Half-duplex: both directions, but one at a
time.
• Full-duplex: both directions simultaneously.
Suitability of Transmission
Methods
• Serial: long distances, less interference.
• Parallel: short distances, faster, risk of
crosstalk.
• Simplex: e.g. keyboard to CPU.
• Half-duplex: e.g. walkie-talkies.
• Full-duplex: e.g. telephones.
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Uses serial data transmission.
• Features: plug and play, power to device, hot-
swappable.
• Advantages: easy to use, widely supported.
• Drawbacks: limited cable length, limited
number of ports.
2.2 Error Detection - Why It
Matters
• Errors can occur due to noise/interference.
• Data loss, gain, or change may occur.
• Essential to detect and correct errors after
transmission.
Error Detection Methods
• Parity Check (odd/even): parity bit ensures
correct number of 1s.
• Checksum: sum of data values checked at
receiver.
• Echo Check: data sent back to sender for
confirmation.
Check Digit
• Used in data entry (e.g. barcodes, ISBN).
• Last digit is calculated based on other digits.
• Helps detect typing or scanning errors.
Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
• Ensures data is received correctly.
• Uses acknowledgements (ACK/NAK).
• Timeouts used to resend data if no response is
received.
2.3 Encryption - Why It's Needed
• Keeps data private and secure during
transmission.
• Prevents unauthorized access and data theft.
Types of Encryption
• Symmetric: same key for encryption and
decryption.
• - Fast but less secure.
• Asymmetric: uses public and private keys.
• - More secure, commonly used in web security
(HTTPS).
Chapter Summary
• Data is transmitted in packets using various
methods.
• Different transmission modes suit different
scenarios.
• Error detection ensures reliable
communication.
• Encryption protects data from unauthorized
access.

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