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3D 打印

出自維基百科,自由嘅百科全書
用三維打印整一個機械人公仔嘅片;呢種做法仲可以攞嚟整(例如)雕像

3D 打印粵拼saam1 di1 daa2 jan3英文3D printing)係一種喺廿世紀尾興起嘅技術,指由一個電腦立體模型(3D model)嗰度建構出一嚿實質嘅立體物件;喺廿一世紀初,三維打印嘅技術經已夠成熟,可以攞嚟整雕塑等好多唔同嘅嘢。

步驟

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用三維打印整一件物件嘅過程大致如下[1][2]

  1. 首先,製作者要用電腦圖像(CG)技術整出描述想要嘅物件嘅立體模型;
  2. 然後部電腦會將描述個立體模型嘅數據傳去一部三維打印機(3D printer)嗰度,部打印機會睇個立體模型,得知「件物件每一層有邊啲位置有嘢、邊啲位置要留空」;
  3. 部打印機跟住就會將嚿嘢「印」出嚟,將第一層整出嚟,再整第二層... 一路整到完全成嚿嘢為止;喺廿一世紀初,最勁嘅三維打印機每一層得 16 微米咁薄,用肉眼睇唔出嚿嘢分咗做一層層[3]

喺搞掂咗之後,製作者仲可以對嚿嘢作出多種嘅加工。

歷史

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早期嘅增量製造裝置同材料係喺 20 世紀 80 年代發展起嚟嘅[4]。1981年,名古屋市工業研究所嘅小玉秀男發明咗兩種利用光硬化聚合物嘅增材嚟製造三維塑膠模型嘅方法,佢嘅紫外線照射面積由掩模圖形或掃描光纖發射機控制[5][6]。之後響1984年,三維系統公司嘅查克·赫爾(Chuck Hull)發明咗立體光刻,用紫外雷射固化高分子光聚合物,將原材料層疊起來。Hull話呢一程式可以「通過建立列印目標物體每部分之間嘅聯絡來列印三維物體」,但係嗰個程式已經由小玉發明。Hull嘅貢獻係設計咗STL(立體光刻)檔案格式,嗰個格式被廣泛應用響3D列印軟體同電子切片與填充。

睇埋

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參考資料

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  1. Tran, Jasper (2016). "Press Clause and 3D Printing". Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property. 14: 75–80.
  2. "3D printing scales up". The Economist. 5 September 2013.
  3. Objet Connex 3D Printers. Objet Printer Solutions.
  4. "Exploring the 3D printing opportunity". Financial Times. 喺2021-01-22搵到.
  5. Hideo Kodama, "A Scheme for Three-Dimensional Display by Automatic Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Model," IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics (Japanese Edition), vol.J64-C, No.4, pp.237-241, April 1981
  6. Hideo Kodama, "Automatic method for fabricating a three-dimensional plastic model with photo-hardening polymer," Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 52, No. 11, pp 1770-1773, November 1981
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