胃食管反流病

胃食管反流病英文:Gastroesophageal reflux disease,缩写:GERD),或称作返流性食管炎胃食管反流病胃酸倒流等,是指胃酸(有时加上十二指肠液)长期不正常地向上反流进入食管甚至口腔的疾病[2][3];常合并下食管括约肌功能异常,且因慢性胃酸逆流造成食管黏膜损伤。

胃食管反流病
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
又称Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD);[1] gastric reflux disease, acid reflux disease, reflux, gastroesophageal reflux
X射线显示胃部(横膈膜下的亮白色区块)的造影剂严重逆流至食管
症状口中有酸味、胃灼热口臭胸痛、呼吸问题[2]
并发症食管炎食管缩窄英语esophageal stricture巴雷斯特食管症[2]
病程长期[2][3]
类型遗传性疾病胃部疾病[*]食管炎消化道疾病[*]食管疾病[*]
病因下食管括约肌不完全关闭[2]
风险因素肥胖症妊娠吸烟食管裂孔疝、服用特定药物[2]
诊断方法上消化道内视镜上肠胃道摄影检查英语upper GI series食管酸碱质监测英语esophageal pH monitoring食管压力检测英语esophageal manometry[2]
鉴别诊断胃及十二指肠溃疡食管癌食管痉挛英语esophageal spasm心绞痛[4]
治疗生活习惯调整、药物、手术[2]
药物抗酸药H2受体阻抗剂氢离子泵阻断剂肠胃蠕动促进剂英语prokinetics[2][5]
患病率~15%(西方族群)[5]
分类和外部资源
医学专科胃肠学
ICD-11DA22
ICD-9-CM530.81
OMIM109350
DiseasesDB23596
MedlinePlus000265
eMedicine176595、​930029、​368861
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

其临床症状包含口腔产生酸味甚至合并苦味、胃灼热(火烧心)、口臭胸痛、胸口不适、反胃、咳嗽、咽喉不适甚至声音沙哑、呼吸问题、龋齿[2]。并发症包含食管炎、食管溃疡、食管狭窄英语esophageal stricture巴雷斯特食管症[2]

其危险因子包含肥胖怀孕抽烟、饮酒、巧克力、油腻食物、解剖缺陷(如食管裂孔疝)和特定药物,包含抗组胺钙离子通道阻断剂、非甾体抗炎药、哮喘药、抗抑郁药和镇静安眠药。[2]其致病机转是下食管括约肌和食管之间交界)无力[2]。诊断工具包含胃镜上消化道摄影英语upper GI series食管酸碱值监测英语esophageal pH monitoring食管动力检查英语Esophageal motility study

治疗包含生活习惯调整及药物,若前两者无效则可以考虑使用外科治疗[2]。生活习惯调整包含减重、戒烟、避免在进食后三小时内平躺、床头抬高、避免刺激食物[2]。 治疗药物包含制酸剂H2受体阻抗剂氢离子泵阻断剂胃肠蠕动促进剂英语prokinetics[2][5]

西方世界,大约有10-20%的人口有胃食管反流病[5]。若计入偶尔发生胃食管反流病的患者,且没有造成相关症状和并发症的患者比率又更高[2]。1925年,弗里登瓦尔德(Julius Friedenwald)和费尔德曼(Feldman)发现了火烧心与食管裂孔疝之间的关联性,这可能是关于此疾病症状的首笔记载[6]。1934年,美国胃肠科医师雅什·温克尔斯坦英语Asher Winkelstein(Asher Winkelstein)则首度描述了此一疾病[7]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Carroll, Will. Gastroenterology & Nutrition: Prepare for the MRCPCH. Key Articles from the Paediatrics & Child Health journal. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2016-10-14: 130. ISBN 9780702070921. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as 'gastrooesophageal reflux' associated with complications including oesophagitis... 
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 Acid Reflux (GER & GERD) in Adults. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases英语National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). 2015-11-05 [2020-02-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-22). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Kahrilas PJ, Shaheen NJ, Vaezi MF. American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review on the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology. October 2008, 135 (4): 1392–1413, 1413.e1–5. PMID 18801365. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.08.044 . 
  4. ^ Kahan, Scott. In a Page: Medicine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2008: 124. ISBN 9780781770354. (原始内容存档于2017-09-08). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Hershcovici T, Fass R. Pharmacological management of GERD: where does it stand now?. Trends in pharmacological sciences. April 2011, 32 (4): 258–64. PMID 21429600. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2011.02.007. 
  6. ^ Granderath, Frank Alexander; Kamolz, Thomas; Pointner, Rudolph. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Principles of Disease, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Springer Science & Business Media. 2006: 161 [2020-11-26]. ISBN 9783211323175. (原始内容存档于2020-01-01). 
  7. ^ Arcangelo, Virginia Poole; Peterson, Andrew M. Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Practice: A Practical Approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006: 372 [2020-11-26]. ISBN 9780781757843. (原始内容存档于2020-01-05). 

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