釙的同位素
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
釙有42个已知的同位素，都具有放射性，目前已觀測到的釙同位素質量數在186到227之間，其中有9個屬於痕量存在的天然放射性核素，當中以210
Po
最為穩定。至於比210
Po
更加穩定的209
Po
和208
Po
只能在回旋加速器中人工轟擊而成。
圖表
[编辑]| 符號 | 歷史 名稱 |
Z | N | 同位素質量（u）[1] [n 1] |
半衰期[1][2][3] [n 2][n 1] |
衰變 方式[4] |
衰變 產物 [n 3][n 4] |
原子核 自旋[1][2][3][n 2] |
相對豐度 （莫耳分率） |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 激發能量[n 2][n 1] | |||||||||
| 188Po | 84 | 104 | 187.999422(21) | 430(180) µs [0.40(+20−15) ms] |
0+ | ||||
| 189Po | 84 | 105 | 188.998481(24) | 5(1) ms | 3/2−# | ||||
| 190Po | 84 | 106 | 189.995101(14) | 2.46(5) ms | α (99.9%) | 186Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ (.1%) | 190Bi | ||||||||
| 191Po | 84 | 107 | 190.994574(12) | 22(1) ms | α | 187Pb | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ （不常見） | 191Bi | ||||||||
| 191mPo | 130(21) keV | 93(3) ms | (13/2+) | ||||||
| 192Po | 84 | 108 | 191.991335(13) | 32.2(3) ms | α (99%) | 188Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ (1%) | 192Bi | ||||||||
| 192mPo | 2600(500)# keV | ~1 µs | 12+# | ||||||
| 193Po | 84 | 109 | 192.99103(4) | 420(40) ms [370(+46−40) ms] |
α | 189Pb | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ （不常見） | 193Bi | ||||||||
| 193mPo | 100(30)# keV | 240(10) ms [243(+11−10) ms] |
α | 189Pb | (13/2+) | ||||
| β+ （不常見） | 193Bi | ||||||||
| 194Po | 84 | 110 | 193.988186(13) | 0.392(4) s | α | 190Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ （不常見） | 194Bi | ||||||||
| 194mPo | 2525(2) keV | 15(2) µs | (11−) | ||||||
| 195Po | 84 | 111 | 194.98811(4) | 4.64(9) s | α (75%) | 191Pb | 3/2−# | ||
| β+ (25%) | 195Bi | ||||||||
| 195mPo | 110(50) keV | 1.92(2) s | α (90%) | 191Pb | 13/2+# | ||||
| β+ (10%) | 195Bi | ||||||||
| IT (.01%) | 195Po | ||||||||
| 196Po | 84 | 112 | 195.985535(14) | 5.56(12) s | α (94%) | 192Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ (6%) | 196Bi | ||||||||
| 196mPo | 2490.5(17) keV | 850(90) ns | (11−) | ||||||
| 197Po | 84 | 113 | 196.98566(5) | 53.6(10) s | β+ (54%) | 197Bi | (3/2−) | ||
| α (44%) | 193Pb | ||||||||
| 197mPo | 230(80)# keV | 25.8(1) s | α (84%) | 193Pb | (13/2+) | ||||
| β+ (16%) | 197Bi | ||||||||
| IT (.01%) | 197Po | ||||||||
| 198Po | 84 | 114 | 197.983389(19) | 1.77(3) min | α (57%) | 194Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ (43%) | 198Bi | ||||||||
| 198m1Po | 2565.92(20) keV | 200(20) ns | 11− | ||||||
| 198m2Po | 2691.86(20) keV | 750(50) ns | 12+ | ||||||
| 199Po | 84 | 115 | 198.983666(25) | 5.48(16) min | β+ (92.5%) | 199Bi | (3/2−) | ||
| α (7.5%) | 195Pb | ||||||||
| 199mPo | 312.0(28) keV | 4.17(4) min | β+ (73.5%) | 199Bi | 13/2+ | ||||
| α (24%) | 195Pb | ||||||||
| IT (2.5%) | 199Po | ||||||||
| 200Po | 84 | 116 | 199.981799(15) | 11.5(1) min | β+ (88.8%) | 200Bi | 0+ | ||
| α (11.1%) | 196Pb | ||||||||
| 201Po | 84 | 117 | 200.982260(6) | 15.3(2) min | β+ (98.4%) | 201Bi | 3/2− | ||
| α (1.6%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
| 201mPo | 424.1(24) keV | 8.9(2) min | IT (56%) | 201Po | 13/2+ | ||||
| ε (41%) | 201Bi | ||||||||
| α (2.9%) | 197Pb | ||||||||
| 202Po | 84 | 118 | 201.980758(16) | 44.7(5) min | β+ (98%) | 202Bi | 0+ | ||
| α (2%) | 198Pb | ||||||||
| 202mPo | 2626.7(7) keV | >200 ns | 11− | ||||||
| 203Po | 84 | 119 | 202.981420(28) | 36.7(5) min | β+ (99.89%) | 203Bi | 5/2− | ||
| α (.11%) | 199Pb | ||||||||
| 203m1Po | 641.49(17) keV | 45(2) s | IT (99.96%) | 203Po | 13/2+ | ||||
| α (.04%) | 199Pb | ||||||||
| 203m2Po | 2158.5(6) keV | >200 ns | |||||||
| 204Po | 84 | 120 | 203.980318(12) | 3.53(2) h | β+ (99.33%) | 204Bi | 0+ | ||
| α (.66%) | 200Pb | ||||||||
| 205Po | 84 | 121 | 204.981203(21) | 1.66(2) h | β+ (99.96%) | 205Bi | 5/2− | ||
| α (.04%) | 201Pb | ||||||||
| 205m1Po | 143.166(17) keV | 310(60) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
| 205m2Po | 880.30(4) keV | 645 µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
| 205m3Po | 1461.21(21) keV | 57.4(9) ms | IT | 205Po | 19/2− | ||||
| 205m4Po | 3087.2(4) keV | 115(10) ns | 29/2− | ||||||
| 206Po | 84 | 122 | 205.980481(9) | 8.8(1) d | β+ (94.55%) | 206Bi | 0+ | ||
| α (5.45%) | 202Pb | ||||||||
| 206m1Po | 1585.85(11) keV | 222(10) ns | (8+)# | ||||||
| 206m2Po | 2262.22(14) keV | 1.05(6) µs | (9−)# | ||||||
| 207Po | 84 | 123 | 206.981593(7) | 5.80(2) h | β+ (99.97%) | 207Bi | 5/2− | ||
| α (.021%) | 203Pb | ||||||||
| 207m1Po | 68.573(14) keV | 205(10) ns | 1/2− | ||||||
| 207m2Po | 1115.073(16) keV | 49(4) µs | 13/2+ | ||||||
| 207m3Po | 1383.15(6) keV | 2.79(8) s | IT | 207Po | 19/2− | ||||
| 208Po | 84 | 124 | 207.9812457(19) | 2.898(2) y | α (99.99%) | 204Pb | 0+ | ||
| β+ (.00277%) | 208Bi | ||||||||
| 209Po | 84 | 125 | 208.9824304(20) | 124(3) y[5] | α (99.546%) | 205Pb | 1/2− | ||
| β+ (0.454%) | 209Bi | ||||||||
| 210Po | Radium F | 84 | 126 | 209.9828737(13) | 138.376(2) d | α | 206Pb | 0+ | 痕量[n 5] |
| 210mPo | 5057.61(4) keV | 263(5) ns | 16+ | ||||||
| 211Po | Actinium C' | 84 | 127 | 210.9866532(14) | 0.516(3) s | α | 207Pb | 9/2+ | 痕量[n 6] |
| 211m1Po | 1462(5) keV | 25.2(6) s | α (99.98%) | 207Pb | (25/2+) | ||||
| IT (.016%) | 211Po | ||||||||
| 211m2Po | 2135.7(9) keV | 243(21) ns | (31/2−) | ||||||
| 211m3Po | 4873.3(17) keV | 2.8(7) µs | (43/2+) | ||||||
| 212Po | Thorium C' | 84 | 128 | 211.9888680(13) | 299(2) ns | α | 208Pb | 0+ | 痕量[n 7] |
| 212mPo | 2911(12) keV | 45.1(6) s | α (99.93%) | 208Pb | (18+) | ||||
| IT (.07%) | 212Po | ||||||||
| 213Po | 84 | 129 | 212.992857(3) | 3.65(4) µs | α | 209Pb | 9/2+ | 痕量[n 8] | |
| 214Po | Radium C' | 84 | 130 | 213.9952014(16) | 164.3(20) µs | α | 210Pb | 0+ | 痕量[n 5] |
| 215Po | Actinium A | 84 | 131 | 214.9994200(27) | 1.781(4) ms | α (99.99%) | 211Pb | 9/2+ | 痕量[n 6] |
| β− (2.3×10−4%) | 215At | ||||||||
| 216Po | Thorium A | 84 | 132 | 216.0019150(24) | 0.145(2) s | α | 212Pb | 0+ | 痕量[n 7] |
| 217Po | 84 | 133 | 217.006335(7) | 1.47(5) s | α (95%) | 213Pb | 5/2+# | ||
| β− (5%) | 217At | ||||||||
| 218Po | Radium A | 84 | 134 | 218.0089730(26) | 3.10(1) min | α (99.98%) | 214Pb | 0+ | 痕量[n 5] |
| β− (.02%) | 218At | ||||||||
| 219Po | 84 | 135 | 219.01361(16) | 10.3(1) min | α (28.2%) | 215Pb | 9/2+# | ||
| β− (71.8%) | 219At | ||||||||
| 220Po | 84 | 136 | 220.0164(18) | 40# s [>300 ns] |
β− | 220At | 0+ | ||
| 221Po | 84 | 137 | 221.02123(20) | 2.2(0.7) min | β− | 221At | 9/2+# | ||
| 222Po | 84 | 138 | 222.024144(40) | 9.1(7.2) min | β− | 222At | 0+ | ||
| ← | 同位素列表 | → |
| 鉍的同位素 | 釙的同位素 | 砈的同位素 |
参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon. The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 2003, 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2008-09-23）.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 National Nuclear Data Center. NuDat 2.1 database. Brookhaven National Laboratory. [September 2005]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-13）.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 N. E. Holden. Table of the Isotopes. D. R. Lide (编). [[:化學和物理的CRC手冊|CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] 85th. CRC Press. 2004: 11-50. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9. 网址－维基内链冲突 (帮助)
- ^ Universal Nuclide Chart
. nucleonica. [2015-10-08]. （原始内容存档于2017-02-19）.
- ^ Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
- Isotope masses from Ame2003 Atomic Mass Evaluation by G. Audi, A.H. Wapstra, C. Thibault, J. Blachot and O. Bersillon in Nuclear Physics A729 (2003).
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from these sources. Editing notes on this article's talk page.
- Audi, Bersillon, Blachot, Wapstra. The Nubase2003 evaluation of nuclear and decay properties （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Nuc. Phys. A 729, pp. 3-128 (2003).
- National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory. Information extracted from the NuDat 2.1 database （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (retrieved Sept. 2005).
- David R. Lide (ed.), Norman E. Holden in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005). Section 11, Table of the Isotopes.