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個體化醫學

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個體化醫學(Personalized medicine),也稱為精準醫學,也稱個性化醫療個人化醫療[1],是一種針對病患的個別情形,進行醫療衛生個別化的醫學模式,包括醫學決策、治療、實務以及藥品都是針對病患,依照其治療的反應或疾病的風險所規劃的[2]。有時也會用精準醫學(precision medicine)或P4醫學(P4 medicine)來說明此一概念[2][3],不過有些作者或組織會區分這些詞之間的差異[3]

依病患的情形調整治療方式的作法可以追溯到古希臘的希波克拉底[4],不過這些年此詞語開始普遍使用,主要是因為新診斷技術以及資訊學的成長,提供了以分子基礎對疾病的瞭解,特別是基因組學。這提供了為病人依基因組分組的清楚依據[2][5][6]

美國國家工程院贊助的14個「Grand Challenges for Engineering」計劃中,將個體化醫學視為是「達到最佳個體醫療決策」的關鍵且有前瞻性方法,可以克服挑戰,用生物醫學工程的方式「工程改良醫療」(Engineer better medicines)[7][8]

此醫學模式下,診斷性的測試會配合病患的基因[9]、分子分析或是其他細胞分析來選擇適當的最佳療法[10]。個體化醫學中會用到的工具包括分子診斷學英語molecular diagnostics、影像以及分析[11]

參考文獻

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  1. ^ 個性化、個人化或精準醫療. 亞洲大學附屬醫院. [2021-12-09]. (原始內容存檔於2021-12-15). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Stratified, personalised or P4 medicine: a new direction for placing the patient at the centre of healthcare and health education (技術報告). Academy of Medical Sciences. May 2015 [6 January 2016]. (原始內容存檔於27 October 2016). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Many names for one concept or many concepts in one name?. PHG Foundation. [6 January 2015]. (原始內容存檔於2016-11-09). 
  4. ^ Egnew TR. Suffering, meaning, and healing: challenges of contemporary medicine. Annals of Family Medicine. 1 March 2009, 7 (2): 170–5. PMC 2653974可免費查閱. PMID 19273873. doi:10.1370/afm.943. 
  5. ^ The Case for Personalized Medicine (PDF). Personalized Medicine Coalition. 2014 [6 January 2016]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2018-10-08). 
  6. ^ Smith R. Stratified, personalised, or precision medicine. British Medical Journal. 15 October 2012 [6 January 2016]. (原始內容存檔於2016-04-28). 
  7. ^ Lesko LJ. Personalized medicine: elusive dream or imminent reality?. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. June 2007, 81 (6): 807–16. PMID 17505496. S2CID 17860973. doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100204. 
  8. ^ Grand Challenges - Engineer Better Medicines. www.engineeringchallenges.org. [2020-08-03]. (原始內容存檔於2023-10-25). 
  9. ^ Lu, Y.-F.; Goldstein, D. B.; Angrist, M.; Cavalleri, G. Personalizedd Medicine and Human Genetic Diversity. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 24 July 2014, 4 (9): a008581–a008581. PMC 4143101可免費查閱. PMID 25059740. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a008581. 
  10. ^ Yau, Tung On. Precision treatment in colorectal cancer: Now and the future. JGH Open. 2019, 3 (5): 361–369 [2020-03-31]. ISSN 2397-9070. PMID 31633039. doi:10.1002/jgh3.12153. (原始內容存檔於2020-05-01) (英語). 
  11. ^ Timmerman, Luke. What's in a Name? A Lot, When It Comes to 'Precision Medicine'. Xconomy. 4 February 2013 [2018-03-16]. (原始內容存檔於2018-08-13). 

參見

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