UkuQaqulula
Ukuqaqulula kuyinqubo yezibalo eyenziwe ngamabomu eguqula igalelo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kube umphumela owodwa noma ngaphezulu noma imiphumela . Leli bizo lisetshenziswa ngemiqondo ehlukahlukene, kusuka ekwenzeni uqaqululo lwesibalo olusebenzisa umcikizo, kuya kuxazuluko (heuristics) olungacacile lokuqaqulula iqhingasu emcintiswaneni, noma ukuqaqulula ithuba lokuba khona kobudlelwane obunempumelelo phakathi kwababili.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukwandisa isikhonbisa 7 kasithupha 6 isibalo esilula soqaqululo lomcikizo. Ukuqagela intengo engachemile yezinsiza zezimali usebenzisa unongo luka-Black–no-Scholes kuwuqaqululo lomcikizo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.