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- استمرارية الآشوريين (Assyrian continuity) فرضية دعمها عدد من الباحثين والآشوريين المعاصرين تقترح أن الآشوريين المعاصرين في الوقت الحالي ينحدرون من الآشوريين القدماء، وهم شعب سامي يعود أصله إلى آشور القديمة، ويتحدث اللغة الآشورية القديمة، وهي لهجة عامية اشتقت من اللغة الأكدية ثم الآرامية. بُنيت مفاهيم الاستمرارية الآشورية على ادعاءات إثنية وجينية ولغوية وتاريخية، إضافةً إلى الاستمرارية المزعومة للموروث التاريخي والثقافي الآشوري بعد سقوط الإمبراطورية الآشورية القديمة. أخذت ادعاءات الاستمرارية موقعًا هامًا في الحياة العامة لمجتمعات الآشوريين المعاصرين، سواء في بلدانهم الأصلية أو على امتداد الشتات الآشوري. من المقبول أن الآشوريين المعاصرين أقلية إثنية أصلية تقطن في العراق الحديثة وجنوب شرق تركيا وشمال شرق سوريا وعلى المناطق الحدودية في شمال غرب إيران، وهذه المنطقة تغطي تقريبًا أرض آشور القديمة. الآشوريون شعب معاصر ما يزال يتحدث ويقرأ ويكتب اللغة العامية الآرامية الشرقية المتأثرة بالأكدية مثل الآرامية الآشورية الحديثة، ويعتنق أغلبهم الديانة المسيحية، ومعظمهم ينتمون إلى طوائف مسيحية سريانية متنوعة: كنيسة المشرق الآشورية، وكنيسة المشرق القديمة، والكنيسة الكلدانية الكاثوليكية، والكنيسة السريانية الأرثوذكسية، والكنيسة السريانية الكاثوليكية، إضافةً إلى الطوائف البروتستانتية التابعة للكنيسة الآشورية الخمسينية والكنيسة الإنجيلية البروتستانتية الآشورية. دعمت مجموعة كبيرة من الباحثين المعاصرين الاستمرارية الآشورية، ومنهم سيمو بربولا وريتشارد فراي ومردوخاي نيسان وروبرت بيغز وهنري ساغس. كان الباحث السرياني والبروفيسور الجامعي أمير حراق من أبرز الباحثين الآشوريين الداعمين للاستمرارية الآشورية. (ar)
- Assyrian continuity is the theory of continuity between the modern Assyrian people, an indigenous ethnic minority in the Middle East, and the people of ancient Assyria. Assyrian continuity is a key part of the identity of the modern Assyrian people. No evidence exists of the original Assyrian population being replaced in the aftermath of the fall of the Assyrian Empire, contemporary scholarship almost unilaterally supports Assyrian continuity, recognizing the modern Assyrians as descendants of the Aramaic-speaking populations of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which were composed of both the old native Assyrian population and of Aramean settlers in the Assyrian heartland. Due to a shortage of sources beyond the Bible and works by classical authors, western historians prior to the 19th century believed Assyrians to have been completely annihilated. Modern Assyriology has increasingly challenged this perception; today, Assyriologists recognize that Assyrian culture and people clearly survived the violent fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire. The last period of ancient Assyrian history is now regarded to be the long post-imperial period, during which the Akkadian language went extinct but other aspects of Assyrian culture, such as religion, traditions, and naming patterns, survived in a reduced but highly recognizable form for nearly a millennium. The extinction of Akkadian and its replacement with Aramaic does not reflect the disappearance of the original Assyrian population; Aramaic was used not only by Aramean settlers but was also adopted by native Assyrians, in time even becoming used by the royal administration itself. Due to assimilation efforts encouraged by Assyrian kings, Arameans and other groups in the Assyrian heartland are also likely to quickly have self-identified, and been regarded, as Assyrians. The population of Upper Mesopotamia was Christianized between the 1st and 4th centuries AD. Aramaic-language sources from the Christian period predominantly use the self-designations ʾĀrāmāyā ("Aramean") and Suryāyā. "Assyrian" (Āthorāyā) also continuously survived as the designation for a Christian from Mosul (ancient Nineveh) and its vicinity. The reluctance of the overall Christian population to adopt ʾĀthorāyā as a self-designation probably derives from Assyria's portrayal in the Bible. The different terms did not refer to different groups, given that some individuals are described as both ʾĀrāmāyā and Suryāyā. The term Suryāyā, sometimes alternatively translated as "Syrian" or "Syriac", is believed to derive from the ancient Akkadian Assūrāyu. The academic consensus is that the modern name "Syria" originated as a shortened form of "Assyria". Assyrian nationalism developed near the end of the 19th century, coinciding with increasing contacts with Europeans along with increased expressions nationalism in other Middle Eastern groups, such as the Armenians, Arabs, Kurds and Turks. Through the large-scale adoption and promotion of identities such as ʾĀthorāyā and ʾAsurāyā, Assyrian intellectuals and authors hoped to inspire the unification of the Assyrian nation, transcending long-standing denominational divisions. This effort has been met with both support and opposition in various communities; some denominations have rejected unity and promoted alternate identities, such as "Aramean", "Syriac" and "Chaldean". Though some religious officials and activists have promoted such identities as separate ethnic groups rather than simply religious groups, they are not generally treated as such by international organizations. (en)
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