Ernst Buchner (20 March 1892 – 3 June 1962) was a German museum administrator and art historian. A native of Munich, he was director of the Bavarian State Painting Collections, a position in German arts administration second only to the head of the Berlin museum network. He joined the Nazi Party in 1933, played a role in seizing Jewish art, and was eventually responsible for safeguarding German collections (and Nazi loot) from the threat of destruction in war. He largely rehabilitated his career after his post-war denazification trial.