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Matter Elements Compounds Mixtures

This document defines and describes the basic components of matter. It explains that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and elements, which are composed of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are physical combinations of substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with an even distribution, or heterogeneous, where the parts can be visually distinguished.

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2K views16 pages

Matter Elements Compounds Mixtures

This document defines and describes the basic components of matter. It explains that matter is anything that has mass and takes up space, and exists in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and elements, which are composed of only one type of atom. Compounds are formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together. Mixtures are physical combinations of substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated. Mixtures can be either homogeneous, with an even distribution, or heterogeneous, where the parts can be visually distinguished.

Uploaded by

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Matter, Elements,

Compounds, &
Mixtures

Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

There are 3 states of


matter

1. Solid
Fixed shape AND volume that does not change
Intermolecular forces are very strong
Motion of the molecules is very small (molecules vibrate
around a fixed location)

2. Liquid
Fixed volume, but a shape that can change
Intermolecular forces are not as strong as in a solid
Molecules are closely packed, but do not have fixed
positions (molecules slip and slide past one another
allowing liquids to flow)

3. Gas
No fixed shape OR volume
Intermolecular forces are weaker in gases than in solids
or liquids
Molecules move about freely without being held
together (this allows gases to expand to fill any
container they are in)

Atoms and Molecules


The atom is the basic building block of matter, and it is
the smallest unit of an element. A single atom has mass
and takes up space, and that all matter is composed of
atoms.

An atom has three parts:


1. Electron: negative charge, located in the electron
cloud
2. Proton: positive charge, located in the nucleus
3.Neutron: no charge/neutral, located in the nucleus
Protons and neutrons make up the center of an atom
(the nucleus) and are held together really tightly by
bonds.

Elements
Elements are composed of one kind of atom
Elements are pure substances that cannot be changed
into simpler substances
All forms of matter are composed of one or more of the
elements

Compounds
Compounds are pure substances that are composed of
two or more types of elements that are chemically
combined
Compounds can only be changed into simpler
substances called elements through chemical changes
Molecules can either be elements (H2, O2, N2) or
compounds (HCl, H2O, CO2)

Mixtures
Mixtures are physical combinations of two or more
different substances that keep their own individual
properties and are combined physically (mixed
together)
Mixtures can be separated by physical means (filtration,
sifting, or evaporation)

Mixtures may be heterogeneous or


homogeneous
In a heterogeneous mixture, which is not uniform
throughout, the individual substances can be visibly
distinguished.
EX: Tossed salad, granite, iced tea

In a homogenous mixture, which is uniform throughout,


the substances are evenly mixed and cannot be visibly
distinguished.
EX: Air, steel, clear salt water

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

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