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Elements Compound and Mixture Chemistry Notes

This document defines and describes the key differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. It explains that elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, compounds are made of two or more different types of atoms bonded together, and mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means. It provides examples of each, describes atoms and their components, chemical bonds, ions, and the properties of solutions versus suspensions.

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72 views52 pages

Elements Compound and Mixture Chemistry Notes

This document defines and describes the key differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures. It explains that elements are pure substances made of only one type of atom, compounds are made of two or more different types of atoms bonded together, and mixtures are physical combinations of elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means. It provides examples of each, describes atoms and their components, chemical bonds, ions, and the properties of solutions versus suspensions.

Uploaded by

eric sivanesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements, Compounds,

and Mixtures
MATT
Makes up everythingER
Anything that has
Mass
Takes up space
(volume)
Is made up of atoms.
Pure Substances
A sample of matter that has definite chemical
and physical properties.
The Atom
An atom consists of a
Nucleus ( protons and neutrons)
electrons in space around the nucleus.

Electron cloud

Nucleus
• The building blocks of
Matter

•Consists of Protons (+),


Electrons (-),
and Neutrons (N).

•Smallest unit of an
element that has all of he
same properties of that
element.
Elements
pure substance that cannot be separated
into simpler substance by physical or
chemical means.
Compound
s
 Made of elements in a specific
ratio that is always the same
Have their own physical and
chemical properties.
Can only be separated by
chemical means, not physically
Smallest particle is a molecule
• Atoms of two or more different elements
joined together by chemical bonds.

In the animation above, water (H20) is a


compound made of Hydrogen and
Oxygen.
CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
are
composed of atoms and so can be
decomposed to those atoms.
The red compound is
composed of
• nickel (Ni) (silver)
• carbon (C) (black)
• hydrogen (H)
(white)
• oxygen (O) (red)
• nitrogen (N) (blue)
•A molecule consists of two or more atoms of
the same element, or different elements, that are
chemically bound together.

• In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms


(N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .
Chemical Bonds
Molecules are held together by bonds
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
IONS
IONS are atoms or groups of
atoms
with a positive or negative charge. .
To tell the difference between an atom

and an ion, look to see if there is a


charge
Na+ in the superscript!
I- O-2
Examples:
Ca +2
Na Ca I
O
Forming Positive & Negative
Ions
A Positive ion An Negative ion
forms when an forms when an
atom loses one or atom gains one or
more electrons. more electrons

Mg --> Mg (2 e- lost)
2+ F + e- --> F-
IONIC BONDS
metals (Mg) lose electrons -- positive ion
nonmetals (F) gain electrons ---> negative ion

OPPOSITES ATTRACT EACH OTHER!

positive ion IS ATTRACTED TO negative


ion
Cl
Covalent Bonds

Form when two or more


atoms SHARE
electrons
Mixture
s
A combination of two or more pure substances that
are not chemically combined.
substances held together by physical forces,
not chemical
No chemical change takes place
Each item retains its
properties in the mixture
They can be separated
physically

Chem4kids.com
• Uniform Distribution.
• Example: Sugar and Water

•Solutions are groups of molecules that are


mixed up in a completely even distribution.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com


• The substance to be dissolved.

• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com


•• The substances are not uniformly mixed.
• Example: Sand in a glass of water.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com


• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts
that are visible to the naked eye.

• Substances will settle over time.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing


Mixtures vs.
Compounds

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks3bitesize/science/chemistry/elements_com_mix_6.shtml
Can you identify the
following?
You will be shown a series of photos. Tell if each
photo represents an item composed of an element,
compound, or mixture.
Review:
An element contains just one type of atom.
A compound contains two or more different atoms
joined together.
A mixture contains two or more different
substances that are only physically joined together,
not chemically.
A mixture can contain both elements and
compounds.
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Copper
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Jelly Beans
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Table Sugar
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Diamond
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Tea
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salt
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Neon Gas
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or
Mixture?
Salad
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Pure Water
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Aluminum
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Lemonade
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Silver
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand
Element, Compound, or Mixture?
Sand

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