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Solar Battery Charger With MPPT Using Microcontroller

This document describes a solar battery charger system that uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a microcontroller. It discusses photovoltaic cells, advantages and disadvantages, MPPT techniques like perturbation and observation, and describes the developed system which uses a buck converter controlled by a microcontroller to directly control power output from the solar panel. Testing showed the MPPT system wasted 11.38% of power compared to 23.8% for direct connection and 18.63% for a regular charger.

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Kishorekumar Gn
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5K views28 pages

Solar Battery Charger With MPPT Using Microcontroller

This document describes a solar battery charger system that uses maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a microcontroller. It discusses photovoltaic cells, advantages and disadvantages, MPPT techniques like perturbation and observation, and describes the developed system which uses a buck converter controlled by a microcontroller to directly control power output from the solar panel. Testing showed the MPPT system wasted 11.38% of power compared to 23.8% for direct connection and 18.63% for a regular charger.

Uploaded by

Kishorekumar Gn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solar Battery Charger With

MPPT Using A Microcontroller

C.Suchetha
Photo Voltaic Cells
Photo Voltaic cells are devices that generate
electromotive force as a result of absorption of
ionizing radiation.
Advantages of PV cells

• Direct conversion of solar radiation to


electricity
• Reliable, Maintenance Free
• Quite, compatible
• Durable
Disadvantages of PV cells

• Low conversion efficiency


• High fabrication cost
• Continues supply is not possible
Three essential approaches to
overcome the drawbacks
• Improving manufacturing process of solar
arrays
• Controlling insolation input to PV arrays
• Utilization of output electric power of solar
arrays
Conventional battery charging
system
Maximum Power Point Tracking

• MPPT is an electronic tracking in which the


controller compares the panel output with the
battery input and pushes the operating point to
the maximum power point.

• MPPT is used in PV systems to continuously


tune the system so that it draws maximum
power from the solar array irrespective of
weather or load conditions.
Types of MPPT Techniques

• Look –up table method


• Perturbation & observation (P & O)
method
• Computational method
Perturbation & Observation Method
Types of P & O Method

• Comparison with a constant reference


value
• Incremental Conductance Method
• Feed Forward MPPT Controller
Present System
An MPPT control system has been
developed ,consisting a Buck converter
which is controlled by a microcontroller
based unit
The main difference between this and
existing methods is that the power output
from the panel is directly used to control
the converter output.
MPPT is more effective under these
conditions
• Winter or cloudy days
• Cold weather
• Low battery charge
Block diagram
The block diagram consists of four
blocks.

•PV array
•Buck converter
•Battery
•Microcontroller
The PV array specification used in this
project is as follows

• Maximum voltage: 35 volts


• Open circuit voltage: 44 volts
• Maximum current: 15 amps
A sealed lead acid battery is used in this
project. The specification are

• Battery voltage : 24 volts


• Battery capacity : 150 Ah
Buck converter
ATMEL’s ATmega 128L low-power
consumption, CMOS microcontroller with
built in EEPROM, FLASH memory, ADC,
PWM generator is used.
• Advanced RISC Architecture
• 128K Bytes of In-System reprogrammable
Flash
• In-System Programming by On-chip Boot
Program
Schematic Diagram
Software Development Tools
The tools used in developing this software
WinAVR GCC compiler and AVR Studio 4 IDE
for AVR series of microcontroller.

The C program written is complied using the


WinAVR GCC compiler. This compiler converts
the C file to the file with extension .cof. This .coff
file is used to build, simulate and debug the
program using the AVR Studio 4. The AVR
Studio 4 generates .hex file which is downloaded
to microcontroller.
Main Program
MPPT Charge Function
Trickle Charge Function
The testing was done for three different
conditions
1. Connection of the panel directly to the
battery.
2. Connection of the panel to the battery
through an ordinary charger.
3. Connection of the panel to the battery
with MPPT.
Results
From the results obtained the percentage
of the power wasted the three different
conditions is
• 23.8% when directly connected.
• 18.63% when connected through a
ordinary charger.
• 11.38% when connected to a MPPT
charger.
Conclusion
• The MPPT technique assures
maximization of energy transfer to the
battery bank.
• The battery lifetime is increased because
the battery is operating at higher state of
charge.
Future Extensions
• This design can be further be worked upon
to include GSM for remote controlling of
the load.
• This control system can be used for a grid
connected system also.

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