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1 Lab Physics Lab I Manual Ver 19-2

This document describes an experiment to measure the oscillation period of a simple pendulum and determine the acceleration due to gravity. The experiment involves measuring the length of two pendulums and timing their oscillations over multiple trials. The measured oscillation periods are used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity, which is averaged and compared between the two pendulums.

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Nashrul Haq
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148 views5 pages

1 Lab Physics Lab I Manual Ver 19-2

This document describes an experiment to measure the oscillation period of a simple pendulum and determine the acceleration due to gravity. The experiment involves measuring the length of two pendulums and timing their oscillations over multiple trials. The measured oscillation periods are used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity, which is averaged and compared between the two pendulums.

Uploaded by

Nashrul Haq
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

EXPERIMENT M1: SIMPLE PENDULUM OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you can learn about the oscillation period and frequency, harmonic oscillation, and simple pendulum. Finally the oscillation period of a simple pendulum is measured and the acceleration due to gravity is determined. THEORY A simple pendulum consists of a relatively small mass at the end of a string suspended from a support so that it can oscillate back and forth (Fig. 1.1). The time required for the mass to make one complete round trip of its motion is called period.

Figure 1.1 Simple pendulum

Forces exerting on the particle are its weight and tension force in the string. If the pendulum swings through small angles from its equilibrium position , it undergoes simple harmonic motion. As it is vibrating, a tangent component to the path which is restoring force, because it is always acts opposite to the displacement of the particle so as to bring the particle back toward its equilibrium position. Then the restoring force is (1.1) 1

where

is the angular displacement. Here the term

can be written as (1.2)

for small angles

With this approximation

Eq. (1.1) becomes (1.3.a)

or (1.3.b) or

(1.3.c)

This equation is the differential equation of simple harmonic motion. The wave function of Eq. (1.3) describes the displacements of mass: (1.4a) or (1.4b) where is the amplitude and phase angle. for

One can calculate the period of the motion using the angular frequency small amplitude:

.
Note that this expression does not involve the mass of the ball.

(1.5)

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Part I 1. Measure the pendulum length 3 times and calculate the average value of the pendulum length using arithmetic mean (see appendix) and record it on the table 1.1. The radius of the ball (or center of the plumb, see appendix) should be taken account in the measurement. Then the length of the pendulum is found from length of the string and where is the the distance of center of mass of a cone from cones base.

Repeat the measurement for the second pendulum. Part II 2. Release the cone with a small angle and using a counter (chronometer) measure the time for 10 periods. Repeat each measurement for each pendulum 5 times. Record the measurements on table 1.2. 3. Calculate the acceleration due to gravity from the Eq. (1.5) for each measurement and record it on the table 1.2. 4. Calculate the average of the acceleration due to gravity for each pendulum using arithmetic mean (see appendix) and find percentage error (see appendix). Record it on the table 1.2. Compare the values and explain the results.

LABORATORY REPORT: CALCULATIONS

Name Faculty number Date Instructor name

: _______________________ : _______________________ : _______________________ : _______________________ Instructors signature: ____________

These blanks must be written in pen (not pencil).

Table 1.1 The length of simple pendulum.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Show your work here:

Table 1.2 Calculation of the acceleration due to gravity.

Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

Show your work here:

Explain the results:

BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] Mechanics Laboratory (LMF217) Manual, http://en.isikun.edu.tr/download/m3.pdf. [2] University Physics with Modern Physics with MasteringPhysics, 12/E, Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, 2008. [3] Fizik 1 Laboratuvar Deneyleri, http://nsankir.etu.edu.tr/Fiz101LabFoyu.pdf.

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