Hydrological Analysis Gagan 25mspan Print
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Ram NepaliHydrological Analysis Gagan 25mspan Print
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Ram NepaliFeasibility Study, Detailed Survey, Design, Soil Investigation, Hydrological Study, Estimate Preparation and Report Preparation works
of Rural Road Bridge at Jethi Nala,
Amuwa Riterpur , Titiharya VDC, Banke
Hydrological Study
1.1 Basin Characteristics
Catchement Area of River Basin = 165.393 km
2
Maximum length of Basin upto proposed Bridge Site = 93.53 Km
S.No.
Percentage
(%)
Area
(km
2
)
1 1.2 1.984716
2 10 16.54
3 83 137.28
4 5 8.27
5 0.8 1.32
1.2 River Characteristics
River Name :
Location : E: 8132.24'' N: Z: 62
Tributaries :
River
Length(up to
bridge site)
: 93.53 km
Elevation
Difference
: 62 to 72 amsl 67 m
Average river
slope
:
Average bed
slope near
bridge site
: 0.039 or 1 in 25.588
Bed Material :
Nature of flow :
River
width/Depth in
the vicinity of
the bridge site
: 3.2 m (water way) Width 0.5 m Depth of River
Flood plain
width/ HFL
Depth
: 20.7 m 3.92 m
River Gauging
Station
:
1.3 Hydrological Analysis
1.3.1 Flood Analysis
Flood flow analysis is a primary requirement for determining parameters necessary for construction of the bridges. Flood flow on the river was
estimated using the empirical methods, the area velocity method, WECS/DHM method, and lastly the area proportion method.
A. Empirical Methods
(i) Dicken's formula
Where,
a = 0
A = 165.393 km
2
Ct =
in percentage
Average elevation:
2810.30'
0.011
Perennial
Course sand, gravels and Sandy Clay
Land use
Sand and water bodies
Highways and roads
Forest
None
Built up/Residential areas
Cultivation
Gagan Khola
None
Q
c
= C
t
*A
3/4
2.342 log (0.6T)*log(1185/P)+4
385 . 0 77 . 0 01974 . 0 = S L tc
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Feasibility Study, Detailed Survey, Design, Soil Investigation, Hydrological Study, Estimate Preparation and Report Preparation works of Rural Road Bridge at Jethi Nala,
Amuwa Riterpur , Titiharya VDC, Banke
P =
= 3.628
T = 100.000 Years
C
t
= 14.470
T = 50.000 Years
C
t
= 12.697
Q
c
= 667.342
Q
c
= 585.596
Q
p50
(m
3
/s) Q
p100
(m
3
/s)
585.596 667.342
(ii) Tahal (2002) Formula
A = 165.393 km
2
Q
m
= 259.335
T = 100.000 Years
Q
t
= 636.839
T = 50.000 Years
Q
t
= 567.848
B. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat / Department of Hydrology and Meteorology
Instantaneous peak flood for a return period of 2 years, Q
2
=1.8767(A+1)
0.8783
Instantaneous peak flood for a return period of 100 years, Q
100
=14.63(A+1)
0.7342
The flood flow for any other return period, T years, can be found as
Where
A = Area below 3000-m elevation = 165.393 km
2
= standard deviation of natural logarithms of annual floods = ln (Q
100
/Q
2
)/2.326
S = standardized normal variate from a particular return period
= 0,0.842,1.282,1.645,2.054,2.326 and 2.576 for T=2,5,10,20,50,100 and 200 years, respectively.
Q
2
= 167.578 Cum
Q
100
= 625.175 Cum
= 0.566
S = 2.054 for 50 Years
Q
50
= 535.967 Cum
Peak Discharge for Various Return Periods for WECS/DHM Method
Q
p50
Q
p100
(m
3
/s) (m
3
/s)
535.967 625.175
C. Area Velocity Method
V = (1/n) * R
2/3
*S
1/2
River Name
Gagan Khola 0.566
Q
T
=exp (ln Q
2
+s*)
River name
Gagan Khola
Q
m
= 5.42*A
0.7572
Q
t
/Q
m
= 0.3838*ln(T) + 0.6882
(WECS / DHM) Method
(a+6)*100/(A+a)
For 100 years
For 50 years
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Where,
P = Wetted perimeter = 22.832 m
S = Slope of the river = 0.0004
A = Cross sectional area = 48.686 m
2
n = Mannings Rugosity coefficient = 0.009
R = Hydraulic mean depth = A/P = 2.132
Velocity (V) = 3.853 m/sec
Q = 187.593 m
3
/sec
D. Rational Formula
Q = A* I
o
*
Where,
Q = Maximum flood discharge in m
3
per Second
I
o
= Peak Intensity of rain fall in mm/hr
A = Catchment area in km
2
= a function depending on the characteristics of the catchment in producing the peak run off
=
t
c
= Concentration time in hours
=
L = Distance from the critical point to the bridge site in km
H = Difference in elevation between the critical point and the bridge site in m
P= Coefficient of run off for the catchment characteristics, from table
f= A factor to correct for the variation of intensity of rainfall Io over the area of the catchment, from table
I
o
= k T
a
/ (t+b)
n
Average slope of catchment is (S) = 0.039 % and
Maximum length of run is (L) = 93.53 km = 93530 m.
Thus the time of concentration (t) = 0.01947x L
0.77
x S
-0.382
= 2623.404 hrs.
Io= k 50
a
/ (t+b)
n
Where,
k = 6.933
a = 0.135
b = 0.5
n = 0.126
Io= 157.980 mm/hr
A= 165.393 km2
L= 93.53 km
H= 10 m
tc= 73.818
= 0.4 From table
Valu of f For Area < 10 sqm = 0.96 From table
= 0.003
Q = 75.099
1.3.2 Design Discharge
Clayey soils lightly covered P
1
56 . 0
+
c
t
f P
385 . 0
3
87 . 0
|
|
.
|
\
|
H
L
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Feasibility Study, Detailed Survey, Design, Soil Investigation, Hydrological Study, Estimate Preparation and Report Preparation works of Rural Road Bridge at Jethi Nala,
Amuwa Riterpur , Titiharya VDC, Banke
Peak Discharge (m
3
/s) from Various Methods of 100 Years Return Period
Dicken's
Tahal (2002)
Method
WECS/DHM Area Velocity Rational
667.342 636.839 625.175 187.593 75.099
Design discharge is the maximum discharge From calculated = 667.342 Cum/Sec
1.4 Bridge Hydraulics
1.4.1 Linear Water Way
1/3rd of Design Discharge for the above calculation is considered for the btraided Catchment areas
Q = 222.45 Cum/Sec
linear waterway is, L=CQ
Where, Q = the design discharge of the river in m3/s
C= a constant usually taken as 4.8 for regime channels
L = the length of the linear waterway in meters
linear waterway = 71.590 m
inear water way marked by the river is measured in the period of field visit
= 20.7 m
proposed span of bridge = 25 m
1.4.2 High Flood Level (HFL) and freeboard
HFL from Existing Bed level = 3.92 m
Designed high flood level from inspection was = 3.92 m
1.4.3 Scour Depth
Bed material and d
50
for various rivers at the bridge site
(d
50
) mm f= 1.76dm
0.2 0.787095928
For an adequate margin of safety
Design Discharge for the above calculation is increased by 30% For Catchment areas less than 500km2
Q = 867.54 Cum/Sec per m
1/3rd of Design Discharge for the above calculation is considered for the btraided Catchment areas
Q = 222.45 Cum/Sec
q = 8.898 Cum/Sec per m
Score Depth
dsm=1.34(q2/f)1/3 dsm = 5.127 m
Maximum depth of scour D below the HFL Dmax = 7.691 m
1.4.4 Depth of Foundation
scour depth from the bed level = 3.771 m
Depth of foundation (1.33 Dmax) = 9.691 m
RL of HFL = 63.140 m
RL of Scour = 55.449 m
1.4.5 Afflux
Afflux, H in meters = (V
2
/2g+0.015)((A/a)
2
-1) =
Where, V=average velocity of river upstream of the bridge prior to restriction = 3.853 m/sec
A= unrestricted sectional area of the river (in m
2
)
a= restricted sectional area of the river (in m
2
) A/a= 2.864
The afflux in the river due to construction of the bridge was found to be = 5.556 m
Summary of Bridge Hydraulics
S. No.
1 222.447 (m
3
/s)
2 3.920 m
3 7.691 m
4 71.590 m
5 25 m
6 3.771 m
7 9.691 m
8 1.50 m
Value Parameters
Design Discharge
HFL (From WL)
Bed material
Medium Silt
Minimum Vertical Clearance Above HFL
Scour Depth from HFL
B-Lacey
Contracted Water way
Scour Depth (from Bed)
Proposed depth of foundation from HFL
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