– BOO reqd. for site selection.

– Process of Data collection, &

 Collection of Hydraulic data
BOO FOR SITE SELECTION
As per TI 3, a BOO is to be detailed for selection of site comprising of following
three officers:-
• SE (Civ) For Bridges of longer span & problematic cases,
•EE(Civ) BOO may associate a member as suggested by
•AEE/AE (Civ) B&T Dte of HQ DGBR
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS FOR
SITE SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION

•Map study for tentative feasible sites.

•Preliminary survey & investigation for site selection.
•Decision on final bridge site.
•Detailed engineering of site selected.
 MAP STUDY
👉 Consider the topography of the
reach u/s and d/s.
👉 Toposheets of scale of 👉 Mark problem areas.
1:50,00 to be used
👉 Reject stretches where possibility
of finding suitable site is negligible.
👉 Area after rejection is delineated
for ground survey.
👉 Mark 2-3 tentative sites in the
delineated areas.
 Preliminary survey and investigation
RECONNAISSANCE AND DATA COLLECTION
Select alternative sites based on proper engineering and feasibility consid
erations
Data for alternative bridge sites is collected based on the guide lines given i
n appendix – I to HQ DGBR TI– 3.

ROUGH COST ESTIMATE

Work out rough cost estimate of bridge, approach & protective work for the
alternative sites
Take guide lines from earlier estimate of similar work in that region

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALTERNATIVE SITES

Work out merits and demerits of the alternative sites
 PREPARATION OF REPORT
👉 Part – I
– Statement of case recommended by CE(P).
👉 Part – II : Appendices
• Data for alternative bridge sites
• Rough cost assessment of alternative sites
• Comparative study of alternative sites
• Abstract of field book
👉 Part – III : Sketches & Plans
– Toposheet marked with alternative sites
– Sketch map of each site
– Sketch plan showing rough alignment of the approaches
 Decision of final bridge site

👉 Chief engineer of the project to inspect the site before a

ccording approval on final bridge site.

👉 Bridge Dte of HQ DGBR to analyse the report on site selection a

nd convey their acceptance to HQ (P).
 Detailed Engineering of Site Selected
Compile the data for proposed bridge site as per Appendix – II to HQ DGBR TI -3 and
forward with Cdr TF recommendations.
Furnish geological information based on previous site reports, geological maps and
surface geological examinations.
Forward proposal to HQ DGBR duly accepted by CE(P).
Br. Dte scrutinize the data and may recommend :-
 To conduct Geophysical investigations such as electrical resistivity or
seismic refraction test
 To conduct hydraulic model studies
 Br. Dte to prepare tentative bridge scheme covering details such as type
of structure, span arrangement, location and type of foundation, deck
level, program of sub soil investigation
 Bridge planning
Stages of bridge planning in BRO?

 IDEN & INCLU IN 5 YR PLAN

 SELECTION OF BRIDGE SITE & COLLECTION OF
HYDRALUC DATA
 PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT

 APPROVAL OF DPR & BR SCHEME

 DETAILED ESTIMATE & AA

 APPROVAL CONTRACT ACTION PLAN
 FORWARD PIP
 CONCLUSION OF CONTRACT
 Hydraulic data for selection bridge site

👉 Location 👉 Bed material characteristics

👉 Climatic data 👉 Calculation of scour &
foundation levels
👉 Hydrology
👉 Details of proposed site
👉 Topography
👉 Details of existing bridge
👉 Stream/channel characteristics
👉 Other particulars
1
6

PASHIGHAT BRIDGE
16
 Important definitions
Design discharge Q: The estimated discharge for the design of the bridge and its appurt
enances.

Afflux(h) : The rise in water level upstream of bridge as a result of obstruction to the nat
ural flow caused by the construction of the bridge & its approaches.

Free board (F): The vertical distance between the water level corresponding to design d
ischarge (Q) including afflux(h) and the formation level of its approach bank / top level of g
uide bank.

Clearance (C): The vertical distance between the water level corresponding to design di
scharge Q including afflux and the point on the bridge super structure where the clearance
is required to be measured.

1
 Important definitions
Depth of Scour: The depth of eroded bed of river measured from the water le
vel for the discharge considered.
Highest flood level (HFL): Highest water level known to have occurred.
Low Water level(LWL) : water level generally obtained during dry weather.
Major Bridge: Those having clear opening of 30 m or more in any one span.
Protection works: Works to protect the bridge and its approaches from damag
e of flood water.
Training works: The works designed to guide and confine the flow of river.

1
 Meandering River

19
 Island type braided channel

20
2
1

BRIDGE AT LADAKH
21
 DISCHARGE CALCULATION
MAX DISCHARGE

EMPIRICAL FORMULA RATIONAL FORMULA

DICKEN’S FORMULA RUNOFF FORMULA

RYVE’S FORMULA
AREA VELOCITY
METHOD
INGLIS FORMULA

NAWAB JUNG
METHOD
BAHADUR FORMULA
2
2
3

BRIDGE AT LADAKH
23
 Dicken’s Formula

Peak Discharge in cumecs

QP = Peak Discharge in cumecs

M = Catchment area in Km2

C = a constant.

24
Ryves’s formula

QP = Peak Discharge in cumecs

M = Catchment area in Km2

C 1 = a constant.

Location of Catchment Value of C1

Areas within 24Km from the coast 6.8

Areas within 24Km – 16Km from the coast 8.8

Limited areas near hills 10

 Inglis formula

QP = Peak Discharge in cumecs

M = Catchment area in Km2

This is extreme simplification of the problem and cannot

be expected to yield accurate results. Hence limited use.

Nawab Jung Bahadur formula

QP = Peak Discharge in cumecs

M = Catchment area in Km2

C2 = 48 to 60
2 This is also not used in BRO.
 CATCHMENT AREA CALCULATION

ROA
D to
SCALE :- 1:50,000 Critical Point
RL 1000.00 M

PUN
0.5 0.75 1 2 3 0.5 0.5

0.5 0.75 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0.25
0.75 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

0.25 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 0.5
36 0.5
0.25 30 31 32 33 34 35 37 38 39
0.5
45
0.75 40 41 42 43 44 46 47 48 49
0.5

0.25 0.25
55
50 51 52 53 54 56 57 58 59 60
65

0.25 0.25 0.25

61 62 63 64 66 67 68 69 70 71
74
Bridge location 0.75 72 73 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

RL 500.00 M 0.25 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94
0.75
0.75 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105
0.75 0.75
0.25 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115
0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75

No of Full Square = 115

RIVER/NALLAH
No of Three Fourth Square = 13
No of Half Square = 11
No of One Fourth Square = 12
 CATCHMENT AREA CALCULATION
No. of Full square

1 No of Full Square = 115 115x1= 115

2 No of Three Fourth Square = 13 13x.75= 9.75
3 No of Half Square = 11 11x.5= 5.5
4 No of One Fourth Square = 12 12x.25= 3
Total 133.25 Nos

Area of One Square = (1x1) Sq cm =(.5x.5)=.25 sq Km

Here 1 CM= 50,000 CM (Since Scale = 1:50,000)
i.e. 1 CM=0.5 Km

Therefore total area = 133.25x.25 = 33.3125 Sqkm

= 33.3125X100= 3331.25 Hectare

RL Difference from critical point to bridge site point = 1000-500 = 500.00 M

Distance from critical point to bridge site point = 8.00 Km

2
9

BRIDGE AT LADAKH
29
 Manning’s formula

Q=AxV
Where:
Q=flow rate (cms)
A=wetted cross-sectional area (m2)
R=Hydraulic Radius=A/WP (m)
WP=Wetted Perimeter (m)
S=slope (m/m)
n=friction coefficient (dimensionless)
30
 Rugosity Co-efficient, n

Surface Perfect Good Fair Bad

Natural Streams 0.025 0.0275 0.03 0.033
(1)Clean, straight bank, full stage, no rifts or deep pools
(2)Same as (1), but some weeds and stones 0.03 0.033 0.035 0.04

(3)Winding, some pools and shoals, clean 0.035 0.04 0.045 0.05

(4)Same as (3), lower stages, more ineffective slope 0.04 0.045 0.05 0.055
and sections
(5)Same as (3), some weeds and stones 0.033 0.035 0.04 0.045

(6)Same as (4), stoney sections 0.045 0.05 0.055 0.06

(7)Sluggish river reaches, rather weedy or with very 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08
deep pools
(8)Very weedy reaches 0.075 0.1 0.125 0.15
3
3
(In M)

(In Mtr)
Distance
Ground RL
25.000 100.000

20.000
1

96.000
2

15.000 92.000
3

10.000 88.000
4

5.000 83.000
5

0.000 80.000
6

5.000 82.000
7
HFL-100.00 M

10.000 86.000
8

15.000 92.000
9

20.000 95.000
10

25.000 100.000
CROSS SECTION OF NALLAH/RIVER
 SLOPE OF NALLAH/RIVER
PROFILE OF RIVER/NALLAH BED SLOPE
Location Bed Level LWL OWL HFL

0.000 90.000 91.000 92.000 96.000

0.025 88.000 89.000 90.000 94.000 96
0.050 87.000 88.000 89.000 93.000 95
0.075 86.000 87.000 88.000 92.000 94
0.100 84.000 85.000 86.000 90.000 93
0.125 82.000 83.000 84.000 88.000 92
0.150 80.000 81.000 82.000 86.000 91 HFL LINE
0.175 78.000 79.000 80.000 84.000 90
0.200 77.000 78.000 79.000 83.000 89
0.225 75.000 76.000 77.000 81.000 88 OWL LINE
0.250 73.000 74.000 75.000 79.000 87
0.275 72.000 73.000 74.000 78.000 86
LWL LINE
0.300 70.000 71.000 72.000 76.000 85

R LS
84 BED LEVEL
83
82
81
80
B ed Slope= (90.00-70.00) 79
300.00 78
77
= 0.06667 76
75
74
73
72
71
70

0 .0 5 0
0 .0 7 5
0 .1 0 0
0 .0 0 0
0 .0 2 5

0 .1 2 5
0 .1 5 0
0 .1 7 5
0 .2 0 0
0 .2 2 5
0 .2 5 0
0 .2 7 5
0 .3 0 0
3 LOCATION
 RUN-OFF FORMULA

Introducing the factor f we get,

 𝑄= 0.028 𝑥 𝑃 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 𝐴 𝑥 𝐼𝑐

Where,

Q = max. run-off in m3/s

A = Area of catchment in hectares
Ic = Critical intensity of rainfall in cm per hour
P = Co-efficient of run-off for the catchment

characteristics
f = A fraction which is depend on catchment area
 Maximum value of coefficient “P”
Steep, bare rock and also city pavements 0.90

Rock, steep but wooded 0.80

Plateaus, lightly covered 0.70

Clayey soils, stiff and bare 0.60

-do- Lightly covered 0.50

Loam, lightly cultivated or covered 0.40

-do- Largely cultivated 0.30

Sandy soil, light growth 0.20

-do- Covered, heavy brush 0.10

3
 “f”
1.0 Curve
0.9

0.8

0.7
f

0.6

0.5

3 0 10000 20000 30000 40000

Catchment area in hectares
3
7

BRIDGE AT LADAKH
37
 Fixing of design Discharge.
CONDITIONS :-
If 1 st highest discharge > 1.5 x 2 nd highest discharge, then select design
discharge as 1.5 x 2nd highest discharge.
If 1 st highest discharge < 1.5 x 2 nd highest discharge, then select design
discharge as 1 st highest discharge.

1) 1 st highest discharge = 6767.040 Cumec

2) 2 nd highest discharge = 632.720 Cumec

Now 1.5 x 2 nd highest discharge = 1.5 x 632.720 = 949.08 Cumec

Hence 6767.040 > 949.08

Therefore we taken design discharge = 1.5 x 2nd highest
i.e design dischargedischarg
= 949.08 Cumec

3 Say 949.00 Cumec

 Computation of Scour Depth

Where L (Effective Linear water way)

3
 Maximum Scour depth, Dm

(i) Near Piers 2 x dsm

(ii) Near Abutments (a) 1.27 x dsm (approach retained

or lowest bed level which is deeper)

(b) 2x dsm with scour all around.

4
 Depth of Foundations, Df
ERODIBLE BEDS
For Abutments For Abutment/Pier (Well)
  1   1
𝐷𝑓 = 𝐷𝑚 + 𝐷𝑚 𝐷𝑓 = 𝐷𝑚 + 𝐷𝑚
3 3
 is Minimum 2.00 m for SMB,  Where = Minimum 2.00 m
1.50 m for SR &
0.60 m for HR

4
Questions Please.
If any……
THANK YOU!