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PSYC 2301 Vocab - CH 7

The document discusses different models of memory including the information processing model, parallel distributed processing model, and levels of processing model. It also describes the three main stages of memory - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory - and defines key concepts like chunking, rehearsal, and different types of long-term memory.

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Clay Handley
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1K views2 pages

PSYC 2301 Vocab - CH 7

The document discusses different models of memory including the information processing model, parallel distributed processing model, and levels of processing model. It also describes the three main stages of memory - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory - and defines key concepts like chunking, rehearsal, and different types of long-term memory.

Uploaded by

Clay Handley
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7: Memory

memory – an internal record or representation of some prior event or experience

information processing model – model of how memory operates; encoding, storage,


and retrieval

parallel distributed processing (PDP) model – this cognitive model holds that the
brain performs multiple, parallel operations all at once; memory is spread
throughout a weblike network of processing units

levels of processing model – model that suggests that memory relies on how deeply
we process information

traditional three-stage memory model – model with three different memory stages
(sensory, short-term, and long-term) that hold and process information

sensory memory – this first memory stage holds sensory information. It has a
relatively large capacity, but duration is only a few seconds

short-term memory (STM) – the second memory stage temporarily stores sensory
information and decides whether to send it on to long-term memory (LTM). Its
capacity is limited to five to nine items. and its duration is about 30 seconds

long-term memory (LTM) – this third memory stage stores information for long
periods. Its capacity is limitless; its duration is relatively permanent

chunking – the act of grouping separate pieces of information into a single unit (or
chunk)

maintenance rehearsal – repeating information to maintain it in short-term memory


(STM)

working memory – short-term memory; central executive, phonological rehearsal


loop, and visuospatial sketchpad

explicit/declarative memory – the subsystem within long-term memory that


consciously stores facts, information, and personal life experiences

implicit/nondeclarative memory – the subsystem within long term memory that


consists of unconscious procedural skills, simple classically conditioned responses,
and priming

elaborative rehearsal – the process of linking new information to previously stored


material

retrieval cue – a clue or prompt that helps stimulate recall and retrieval of a stored
piece of information from long-term memory
encoding specificity principle – retrieval of information is improved when the
conditions of recovery are similar to the conditions that existed when the
information was encoded

long-term potentiation (LTP) – long-lasting increase in neural excitability believed to


be a biological mechanism for learning and memory

retrograde amnesia – temporary loss of memory as a result of brain injury; old


memories are lost, new memories are ok

anterograde amnesia – permanent loss of memory as a result of brain injury; old


memories are ok, can’t form new memories

Alzheimer’s disease – progressive mental deterioration characterized by severe


memory loss

retroactive interference – occurs when new information interferes with old


information

proactive interference – occurs when old information interferes with new information

serial position effect – refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function
of an item's position within a study list; people tend to remember the words at the
beginning (primacy effect) and the end of the list (recency effect)

source amnesia – forgetting the true source of a memory

sleeper effect – psychological phenomenon whereby a highly persuasive message,


paired with a discounting cue, causes an individual to be more persuaded by the
message (rather than less persuaded) over time

distributed practice – spacing your learning periods with rest periods between
sessions

massed practice – cramming; time spend learning massed into long, unbroken
intervals

repression – the supposed unconscious coping mechanism by which we prevent


anxiety-provoking thoughts from reaching consciousness

mnemonic devices – a mind memory aid

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