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Esercizi 3

This document contains 9 exercises related to commutative algebra and algebraic geometry concepts. The exercises cover topics like ring extensions and normalizations, Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, describing irreducible components of varieties, and generating ideals of varieties.

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Long Mai
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95 views2 pages

Esercizi 3

This document contains 9 exercises related to commutative algebra and algebraic geometry concepts. The exercises cover topics like ring extensions and normalizations, Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, describing irreducible components of varieties, and generating ideals of varieties.

Uploaded by

Long Mai
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Commutative Algebra Exercise sheet N.

3
E. C. Mistretta November 6, 2012

Ring extensions and normalisation

Exercise 1. Let k be a eld. Then k [X 2 ] k [X ] is a nite ring extension, hence it is integral. For any polynomial P (X ) k [X ], nd the integral dependence relation over k [X 2 ]. Exercise 2. Let A B be an integral extension of rings, and let y , z B satisfy quadratic integral dependence relations: y 2 + ay + b = 0, and z 2 + cz + d = 0. Find the explicit integral dependence relations for y + z and yz over A (following the path sketched in class). What if y and z satisfy higher order dependence relations? Exercise 3. Find the normalizations of the following rings: i. A = k [X, Y ]/(Y 2 X 3 ); ii. A = k [X, Y ]/(Y 3 X 5 ). Exercise 4. Let A = k [X ], with k algebraically closed and char(k ) = 2, and let f A. Let B = k [X, Y ]/(Y 2 f (X )), nd the necessary and sucient conditions that f must satisfy in order for B to be a domain. Assume this holds, and let K = Frac(B ). Then i. show that K = k (x)( f ); ii. show that for any K there exists a polynomial h(T ) A[T ] such that h() = 0 [Hint: write = a + b f with a, b k (x)]; iii. show that B is normal if and only if f has no square factors; iv. if B is not normal show how to obtain its normalisation in terms of f .

Hilberts Nullstellensatz

Exercise 5. Let k be an algebraically closed eld, and let X k n be a Zariski closed subset (i.e. X = VZ (J ) for some ideal J k [X1 , . . . Xn ]). 1

Show that X = VZ (I (X )). What if k is not algebrically closed? In general, if X = V (J ) SpecA is a closed subset, and if I (X ) = show that X = V (I (X )).

pX

p=

J,

Exercise 6. Let f C[X, Y ] be a nonconstant polynomial, and suppose that all a C veries f (a, a) = f (a, a) = 0. Show that f (X 2 Y 2 ) C[X, Y ]. Exercise 7. Let k be an algebraically closed eld. Consider the following ideals J k [X, Y, Z ]: (a) J = (Y 2 X 4 , X 2 2X 3 X 2 Y + 2XY + Y 2 Y ); (b) J = (XY + XZ + Y Z, XY Z ); (c) J = ((X Z )(X Y )(X 2Z ), X 2 Y 2 Z ). i. Describe the irreducible components of VZ (J ) k 3 , for each of the ideals above. ii. For at least one of the ideals J above, nd an element f I (VZ (J )) such that f / J. Exercise 8. Let k be an algebraically closed eld. For f k [X1 , . . . , Xn ], let VZ (f ) = {x k n | f (x) = 0} be the hypersurface dened by f . Prove that if f is irreducible and f does not divide g , then VZ (f ) VZ (g ). Deduce that the set of the irreducible components of VZ (g ) k n is made by all and only the VZ (fj ), where g = (constant) fj , and fj are irreducible. Exercise 9. Let k be an algebraically closed eld, and F k [X1 , . . . , Xn ] a reduced polynomial (i.e. F has no multiple irreducible factors). Let V = VZ (F ), show that F generates I (V ).

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