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Maximum Shear Stress: - Recall

This document discusses maximum shear stress and strain measures. It introduces: 1) The formula for maximum shear stress in the principal stress system as 1/2(σ1 - σ3), where σ1 is the maximum principal stress and σ3 is the minimum principal stress. 2) Engineering strain and the magnification factor for a line element, which relates strain to the direction cosines of the line element. 3) How displacements relate to deformations, and that strain measures are based on the change in length of an infinitesimal line element before and after deformation.

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Alejandro Sanhueza
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70 views12 pages

Maximum Shear Stress: - Recall

This document discusses maximum shear stress and strain measures. It introduces: 1) The formula for maximum shear stress in the principal stress system as 1/2(σ1 - σ3), where σ1 is the maximum principal stress and σ3 is the minimum principal stress. 2) Engineering strain and the magnification factor for a line element, which relates strain to the direction cosines of the line element. 3) How displacements relate to deformations, and that strain measures are based on the change in length of an infinitesimal line element before and after deformation.

Uploaded by

Alejandro Sanhueza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Maximum shear stress

Recall
XY = l1l2 xx + m1m2 yy + n1n2 zz + ( m1n2 + m2 n1 ) yz + ( l1n2 + l2 n1 ) xz + ( l1m2 + l2 m1 ) xy

In principal system
XY = l1l2 1 + m1m2 2 + n1n2 3
2 2 2 + m1 + n1 =1 l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2 = 0 l1 2 2 2 + m2 + n2 =1 l2

Assume 1 2 3 Maximum shear XY = l1l2 (1 3 ) stress then 1


max = 2 (1 3 )

l1l2 = n1n2

Example
s=1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

>> [l,sig]=eig(s) sig =-0.4142 0 0 0 1.0000 0 0 0 2.4142 Maximum shear stress is 1.4142. Why is this reasonable?

Equilibrium when stresses vary from point to point


Differential element

Differential equilibrium equations


From equilibrium of infinitesimal element
xx xy xz + + + bx = 0 x y z xy yy yz + + + by = 0 x y z xz yz zz + + + bz = 0 x y z bx , by , bz : body force per unit volume in x,y,z directions

Why do we have derivatives of stresses but not of body forces?

Equations of equilibrium repair damage done by kinematic assumptions


Most commonly used theories start with assumptions on displacements Stresses calculated from displacements often do not satisfy equilibrium Repair via equilibrium equations improves accuracy Stress post-processing in finite element software is possible and desirable Check equations in spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems in textbook

Beam theory
Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions mean no shear strains Equations of equilbrium require shear stresses! Cantilever beam under end load P
xx = My Pxy = I I xx xy + =0 x y

xy y

Py I

Deformation of a deformable body


Deformation will cause a particle P to move from (x,y,z) to (x*,y*,z*)

Strain of a line element


Strain measures are typically based on what happens to an infinitesimal line element or to angle between to such elements

Displacements
Components of motion
u = x* x displacement in x-direction v = y* y displacement in y-direction w = z* z displacement in z-direction
x* = x + u y* = y + v z* = z + w

What is the difference between displacements and deformations?

Strain measures
2 2 2 2 Length of infinitesimal ( ds ) = [ dx ] + ( dy ) + ( dz ) 2 2 2 2 element before and ( ds *) = ( dx *) + ( dy *) + ( dz *) after deformation ds * ds Engineering strain E =

ds

Maginfication factor of a line with direction cosines (l,m,n) What does this remind you of?

ds * 2 1 2 E M = 0.5 1 = + E 2 ds xx xy xz l = [l m n ] xy yy yz m xz yz zz n

Strain components
.

Reading assignment
Sections 2.7-8: Question: Why do we have two kinds of shear strain?

Source: www.library.veryhelpful.co.uk/ Page11.htm

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