MUSCLES OINA

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE ACTION
SCALP
FRONTALIS Galea aponeurotica Subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows Facial nerve Elevates eyebrows; draws scalp forward and wrinkles
skin of forehead
OCCIPITALIS Superior nuchal line and temporal
bone
Galea aponeurotica Facial nerve Retracts scalp; fixes galea aponeurotica so frontalis can
act on eyebrows
ORBITAL AND NASAL REGIONS
ORBICULARIS OCULI Lacrimal bone, adjacent regions of
frontal bone an maxilla, medial
angle of eyelids
Upper and lower eyelids, skin
around margin of orbit
Facial nerve Sphincter of eyelids; closes eye in blinking; squinting;
sleep; aids in flow of tears across eye
LEVATOR PALPEBRAE
SUPERIORIS
Lesser wing of sphenoid in posterior
wall of orbit
Upper eyelid Oculomotor
nerve
Elevates upper eyelid; opens eye
CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII Medial end of supraorbital margin Skin of eyebrow Facial nerve Draw eyebrows medially and downward in frowning
and concentration; reduces glare of bright sunlight
NASALIS Maxilla just lateral to nose Bridge and alar cartilages of nose Facial nerve Widens nostrils; narrows internal air passage between
vestibule and nasal cavity
ORAL REGION
ORBICULARIS ORIS Modiolus of mouth Submucosa and dermis of lips Facial nerve Encircles mouth; closes lips; protrudes lips in kissing;
designed for speech
LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS Zygomatic bone and maxilla near
inferior margin of orbit
Muscles of upper lip Facial nerve Elevates and everts upper lip in sad, sneering or serious
expressions
LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS Maxilla just below infraorbital
foramen
Muscles at angle of mouth Facial nerve Elevates angle of mouth as in smiling
ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR Zygomatic bone Superolateral angle of mouth Facial nerve Draw angle of mouth upward and laterally in laughing
ZUGOMATICUS MINOR Zygomatic bone Muscles of upper lip Facial Nerve Elevates upper lip, exposes upper teeth in smiling or
sneering
RISORIUS Zygomatic arch, fascia near ear Modiolus of mouth Facial nerve Draws angle of mouth laterally in expression of
laughing, horror or disdain

DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS Inferior margin of mandibular body Modiolus of mouth Facial nerve Draws angle of mouth laterally in and downward in
opening mouth or sad expressions
DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS Mandible near mental protuberance Skin and mucosa of lower lip Facial nerve Draws lower lip downward and laterally in chewing and
expressions of melancholy or doubt
MENTAL AND BUCCAL REGIONS
MENTALIS Mandible near inferior incisors Skin of chin at mental protuberance Facial nerve Elevates and protrudes lower lip in drinking, pouting and
expressions of doubt or disdain; elevates and wrinkles skin of
chin
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE ACTION
BUCCINATOR Alveolar processes on lateral
surfaces of maxilla and mandible
Orbicularis oris; submucosa of cheek
and lips
Facial nerve Compresses cheek against teeth and gums; directs food
between molars; retracts cheek from teeth when
mouth is closing to prevent biting cheek; expels air and
liquid
CERVICAL AND MENTAL REGION
PLATYSMA Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis
major
Mandible; skin and subcutaneous
tissue of lower face
Facial nerve Draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward in
expressions of horror or surprise; may aid in opening
mouth widely
MUSCLES OF CHEWING AND SWALLOWING
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE
GENIOGLOSSUS Superior mental spine on posterior
surface of mental protuberance
Interior surface of tongue from root
to apex
Hypoglossal
nerve
Unilateral action draws tongue to side; bilateral action
depresses midline of tongue or protrudes tongue
HYOGLOSSUS Body and greater horn of hyoid
bone
Lateral and inferior surfaces of
tongue
Hypoglossal
nerve
Depresses tongue
STYLOGLOSSUS Styloid process of temporal bone
and ligament from styloid process to
mandible
Superolateral surface of tongue Hypoglossal
nerve
Draws tongue upward and posteriorly
PALATOGLOSSUS Soft palate Lateral surface of tongue Accessory and
Vagus nerves
Elevates root of tongue and closes oral cavity off from
pharynx; forms palatoglossal arch at rear of oral cavity
MUSCLES OF CHEWING
TEMPORALIS Temporal lines and temporal fossa
of cranium
Coronoid process and anterior
border of mandibular ramus
Mandibular
nerve
Elevation, retraction and lateral and medial excursion
of the mandible
MASSETER Zygomatic arch Lateral surface of mandibular ramus
and angle
Mandibular
nerve
Elevation of the mandible, with smaller roles in
protraction, retraction, and lateral and medial
excursion
MEDIAL PTERYGOID Medial surface of lateral pterygoid
plate palatine bone, lateral surface
of maxilla near molar teeth
Medial surface of mandibular ramus
and angle
Mandibular
nerve
Elevations, protraction, and lateral and medial
excursion of the mandible
LATERAL PTERYGOID Lateral surfaces of lateral pterygoid
plate and greater wing of sphenoid
Neck of mandible (just below
condyle); articular disc and capsule
of temporomandibular joint
Mandibular
nerve
Depression (in wide opening of the mouth),
protraction, and lateral and medial excursion of the
mandible
HYOID MUSCLES SUPRAHYOID GROUP
DIGASTRIC Mastoid notch of temporal bone,
digastrics fossa of mandible
Hyoid bone via fascial sling Poterior belly
Facial nerve;
Anterior belly
Mylohyiod nerve
Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; opens mouth
widely, as when ingesting food or yawning; elevates
hyoid when mandible is fixed
GENIOHYOID Inferior mental spine of mandible Hyoid bone Spinal nerve C1 via
Hypoglossal nerve
Depresses mandible when hyoid is fixed; elevates and
protracts hyoid when mandible is fixed
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE ACTION
MYLOHYOID Mylohyoid line near inferior margin
of mandible
Hyoid bone Mylohyoid nerve Spans mandible from side to side and forms floor of
mouth; elevates floor of mouth in initial stage of
swallowing
STYLOHYOID Styloid process of temporal bone Hyoid bone Facial nerve Elevates and retracts hyoid, elongating floor of mouth;
roles in speech, chewing, and swallowing (not yet
understood)
HYOID MUSCLES INFRAHYOID GROUP
OMOHYOID Superior border of scapula Hyoid bone Ansa cervicalis Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated
STERNOHYOID Manubrium of sternum, medial end
of clavicle
Hyoid bone Ansa cervicalis Depresses hyoid after it has been elevated
THYROHYOID Thyroid of cartilage of larynx Hyoid bone Spinal nerve C1
via hypoglossal
nerve
Depresses hyoid; with hyoid fixed, elevates larynx as in
singing high notes
STERNOTHYROID Manubrium of sternum, costal
cartilage 1
Thyroid cartilage of larynx Ansa cervicalis Depresses larynx after it has been elevated in
swallowing and vocalization; aids in singing low notes
MUSCLES OF THE PHARYNX
PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS (3
MUSCLES)
Medial pterygoid plate, mandible,
hyoid, stylohyoid ligament, cricoids
and thyroid cartilages of larynx
Median pharyngeal raphe (seam on
posterior side of pharynx); basilar
part of occipital bone
Glossopharyngeal
and Vagus nerves
During swallowing, contract in order from superior to
middle to inferior constrictor to drive food into
esophagus