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Problem Chapter 3

This document contains 24 problems related to optical fiber properties and performance. The problems cover topics such as: - Calculating optical power levels after propagation through fibers with given loss coefficients - Deriving expressions for modal dispersion in step-index and graded-index fibers - Plotting normalized propagation constants and refractive index profiles - Estimating pulse broadening due to material and modal dispersion across a range of wavelengths and fiber types

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Ventri Galuh Dikara
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519 views3 pages

Problem Chapter 3

This document contains 24 problems related to optical fiber properties and performance. The problems cover topics such as: - Calculating optical power levels after propagation through fibers with given loss coefficients - Deriving expressions for modal dispersion in step-index and graded-index fibers - Plotting normalized propagation constants and refractive index profiles - Estimating pulse broadening due to material and modal dispersion across a range of wavelengths and fiber types

Uploaded by

Ventri Galuh Dikara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBLEM CHAPTER 3

3-1.

3-2.
3-3.

3-4.

3-5.

3-6.

3.7.

3-8.

3-9.

A certain optical has an attenuation of 1.5 dB/km at 1300 nm. If 0.5 mW of optical
power is initially launched into the fiber, what is the power level in microwatts after 8
km?
An optical signal has lost 55 percent of its power after traversing 3.5 km of fiber.
What is the loss in dB/km of this fiber?
A continuous 12-km-long optical fiber link has a loss of 1.5 dB/km. (a) What is the
minimum optical power level of 0.3 W at the receiving end? (b) What is the required
input power if the fiber has a loss of 2.5 dB/km?
Consider a step-index fiber with a SiO2 GeO2 core having a mole fraction 0.09 of
GeO2. Plot Eqs. (3-2b) and (3-3) from 500 nm to 5 m, and compare the results with
the curve in Fig. 3-5.
The optical power loss resulting from Rayleigh scattering in a fiber can be calculated
from either Eq. (3-4a) or Eq. (3-4b). Compare these two equations for silica (n =
1.460 at 630 nm), given that the fictive temperature T f is 1400 K, the isothermal
compressibility T is 6.8 x 10 12 cm2/dyn, and the photoelastic coefficient is 0.286.
How does this agree with measured value ranging from 3.9 to 4.8 dB/km at 633 nm?
Consider graded-index fiber having index profiles = 2.0, cladding refractive indices
n2 = 1.50, and index differences = 0.01. Using Eq. (3-7), plot the ratio Neff / N for
bend radii less than 10 cm at = 1 m for fibers having core radii o 4, 25, and 100
m.
Three common fiber jacket materials are Elvax 265 (Ei = 21 Mpa) and Hytrele 4056
(Ei = 58 Mpa), both made by DuPont, and Versalon 1164 (Ei = 104 Mpa) made by
General Mills. If the Youngs modulus of a glass fiber is 64 Gpa, plot the reduction in
microbending loss as a function of the index difference = when fiber are coated with
these materials. Make these plots for value ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 percent and for a
fiber cladding-to-core ratio of b/a = 2.
Assume that a step-index has a V number of 6.0.
a) Using Fig. 2-22, estimate the fractional power Pclad / P traveling in the
cladding for the six lowest-order LP modes.
b) If the fiber in (a) is a glass-core, glass-clad fiber having core and cladding
attenuations of 3.0 and 4.0 dB/km, respectively, find the attenuations for each
of the six lowest-order modes.
c) Suppose the fiber in (a) is a glass-core, polymer-clad fiber having core and
cladding attenuations of 5 and 1000 dB/km, respectively. Find the attenuations
for each of the six lowest-order modes.
Assume a given mode in a graded-index fiber has a power density p(r) P0 exp( Kr2),
where the factor K depends on the modol power distribution.
a) Letting n(r) in Eq. (3-12) be given by. Eq. (2-78) with = 2, show that the
this mode is
2

gi = 1 +

K a2

Since p(r) is a rapidly decaying function of r and since < 1, for ease of
calculation assume that the top relation in Eq. (2-78) holds for all value of r.
b) Choose K such that p(a) = 0.1P0, that is, 10 percent of the power flows in the
cladding. Find gi, in terms of 1 and 2.
3-10. For wavelengths less than 1.0 m the refractive index n satisfies a Sellmeier relation
of the form 70
E0 Ed

n = 1 + E 20E2
where E = hc/ is the photon energy and Eo and Ed are, respectively, material oscillator
energy and dispersion energy parameters. In SiO2 glass E0 = 13.4 eV and Ed = 14.7 eV.
Show that, for wavelengths between 0.20 and 1.0 m, the values of n found from the
Sellmeier relation are in good agreement with those shown Fig. 3-12.
3-11. Derive the group delay given by Eq. (3-19) from the propagation constant given in
Eq.(3-18).
3-12. (a)
An LED operating at 850 nm has a spectral width of 45 nm. What is the pulse
spreading in ns/km due to material dispersion? What is the pulse spreading
when a laser diode having a 2-nm spectral width is used?
(b)
Find the material-dispersion-induced pulse spreading at 1550 nm for an LED
with a 75-nm spectral width.
3-13. (a)
Using Eqs. (2-48), (2-49), and (2-57) show that the normalized propagation
constant defined by Eq. (3-21) can be written in the form.

b=
(b)

2 /k 2 n22
n 21n22

for small core-cladding refractive index differences show that the expression
for b derived in (a) reduces to

b=
3-14. Using the approximation V kan2

/k n2
n1n2

2 , show that Eq. (3-25) results from Eq. (3-

24).
3-15. Derive Eq. (3-29) by using a ray-tracing method.
3-16. Verify that Eq. (3-41) reduces to Eq.(3-48) for the case = and = 0.
3-17. Show that, when the effect of material dispersion is ignored and for = 0, Eq. (3-41
reduces to Eq. (3-47).
3-18. Make a plot on log-log paper of the rms pulse broadening in a parabolic graded-index
fiber ( = 2) as a function of the optical source spectral width A in the range 0.10 to
100 nm for peak operating wavelengths of 850 nm and 1300 nm. Let = 0.01, N1 =

1.46, and =0 at both wavelengths. Assume the factor 2d2n / d2 is 0.025 at 850
3-19.
3-20.
3-21.
3-22.
3-23.
3-24.

nm and 0.004 at 1300 nm.


Repeat Prob. 3-18 for a graded-index single-mode fiber with = 0.001.
Derive Eq. (3-35) by substituting Eq. (3-34) into Eq. (3-33).
Using the approximation given Eq. (3-38), show that Eq. (3-35) can be rewritten as
Eq. (3-39).
Derive Eq. (3-44) from Eq. (3-39).
Verify the expression given in Eq. (3-45).
Starting with Eq. (3-55, derive the dispersion expression given in Eq. (3-58).

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