Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering

National Institute Of Technology, Srinagar

Tutorial sheet-I
Subject: signals and system.
Semester :3th (ECE)

1. This problem is a simple example of the use of superposition. Suppose that a discrete-time
linear system has outputs y[n] for the given inputs x[n] as shown in Figure1,;

Fig:1

Determine the response y4[n] when the input is as shown in Figure 2.

 fig:2

(a) Express x 4[n] as a linear combination of x 1[n], x 2[n],

(b) From the input-output pairs in Figure 1, determine whether the system is time-invariant.

2.Determine the discrete-time convolution of x[n] and h[n] for the fig:3.

Fig:3

3.Determine the continuous-time convolution of x(t) and h(t) for the following two cases:
 Fig:4
4.(a) Using convolution, determine and sketch the responses of a linear, time-invariant system
with impulse response h(t) = e−t/2u(t) to each of the two inputs x 1(t), x 2(t) shown in Figure:5Use
y1(t) to denote the response to x1(t) and use y2(t) to denote the response to x 2(t).

Fig:5
 5.Consider an integrator that has the input-output relation

𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = ∫−∞ 𝑥(𝜏)𝑑𝜏

Determine the input-output relation for the inverse system

6.Consider the cascade of two systems shown in Figure 6. System B is the inverse of systemA.

Fig: 6

(a) Suppose the input is δ(t). What is the output w(t)?

(b) Suppose the input is some more general signal x(t). What is the output w(t) in terms of x(t)?

7.Consider the linear, time-invariant system in Figure:7, which is composed of a cascade of two LTI
systems. u(t) is a unit step signal and s(t) is the step response of system L.

Fig:7
Using the fact that the overall response of LTI systems in cascade is independent of the
order in which they are cascaded, show that the impulse response of system L is the
derivative of its step response, i.e.,
𝑑𝑠(𝑡)
ℎ(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑡
8. The first-order differential equation
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
+ 2𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
describes a particular continuous-time system initially at rest.
(a) Verify that the impulse response of this system isℎ(𝑡) = 𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑢(𝑡)
(b) Is this system
(i) memoryless?
(ii) causal?

(iii) stable?
Clearly state your reasoning.
 9.Consider the cascade of two systems H and G as shown in Figure :8

Fig:8
(a) If H and G are both LTI causal systems, prove that the overall system is causal.
(b) If H and G are both stable systems, show that the overall system is stable.

10. (a) Suppose that the signal 𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 is applied as the excitation to a linear, time-
invariant system that has an impulse response h(t). By using the convolution
integral, show that the resulting output is 𝐻𝜔𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 where
∞
𝐻(𝜔) = ∫−∞ ℎ(𝜏) 𝑒 −𝑗𝜔𝜏 𝑑𝜏

(b) Assume that the system is characterized by a first-order differential equation

𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
+ 𝑎𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
If 𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒆𝒋𝝎𝒕 for all t, then 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐻(𝜔)𝑒 𝑗𝜔𝑡 for all t. By substituting into the differential
equation, determine H(w).

11. Find the Fourier series coefficients for each of the following signals:
𝑥(𝑡) = sin(10πt + 𝜋/6)

𝑥(𝑡) = 1 + cos(2𝜋𝑡)
𝑥(𝑡) = [1 + cos(2𝜋𝑡)][sin(10𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋/6)]

Hint: You may want to first multiply the terms and then use appropriate trigonometric
identities.

12. By evaluating the Fourier series analysis equation, determine the Fourier series for the following
signals.
 Fig:9
13.Suppose x(t) is periodic with period T and is specified in the interval 0 < t < T/4 as shown in Figure
:10

Fig:10
Sketch x(t) in the interval 0 < t < T if
(a) the Fourier series has only odd harmonics and x(t) is an even function;
(b) the Fourier series has only odd harmonics and x(t) is an odd function.

14. Figure :11.shows real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transform of a signal x(t).

Fig:11

(a) Sketch the magnitude and phase of the Fourier transform X(W).
(b) In general, if a signal x(t) is real, then X(-w) = X*(w). Determine whether x(t) is real for the
Fourier transform sketched in Figure :11

15. By first expressing the triangular signal x(t) in Figure :12 as the convolution of a rectangular
pulse with itself, determine the Fourier transform of x(t).

Fig:12
16.Compute the Fourier transform of each of the following signals:
(a) [𝑒 −𝛼𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔𝑜𝑡]𝑢(𝑡) 𝛼 > 0
(b) 𝑒 −3|𝑡| 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜋𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜋𝑡
(c)( )( )
𝜋𝑡 𝜋𝑡

17.Consider the following linear constant-coefficient differential equation (LCCDE):

dy(t)
+ 2y(t) = Acosωot
dt

Find the value of wo such that y(t) will have a maximum amplitude of A/3. Assume that the resulting
system is linear and time-invariant.

18.From Figure :13, find y(t) where

Fig:13
19.(a) Determine the energy in the signal x(t) for which the Fourier transform X(w) is
given by Figure :14.
 Fig:14
(b) Find the inverse Fourier transform of X(w) of part (a).

20. Compute the discrete-time Fourier transform of the following signals.

(c) x[n] as shown in Figure :15

Fig:15

21.(a) Consider a system with impulse response

Determine the system transfer function H(Ω).

(b) Suppose that Determine the system output y[n] using the transfer
function H(Ω) found in part (a).

22. Suppose we have an LTI system characterized by an impulse response

(a) Sketch the magnitude of the system transfer function.

(b) Evaluate when

23. The sequence is obtained by sampling the continuous-time sinusoidal

signal at 1-ms intervals, i.e.,

Determine three distinct possible values of wo.

24. Consider the system in Figure 16.

Fig:16

(a) Sketch Xp(w) for for the following values of Wo.

(b) For which of the preceding values of W 0 is Xp(t) identical?

25. In the system in Figure :17 xr(t) is sampled with a periodic impulse train, and a reconstructed
signal xr(t) is obtained from the samples by lowpass filtering.

Fig:17

The sampling period T is 1 ms, and x(t) is a sinusoidal signal of the form

x(t) = For each of the following choices of fo and ϴ, determine xr(t).

26.
27.

28.

29.
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