GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

Fieldwork 1
Title of Fieldwork

: Levelling

Group member

: Sri Kartikeayan
Hassan Warsama Hassan
Mohammad Usman Tahir

SCM014634
SCM023031
SCM027154

Ismail

Subject/ Subject Code : Geomatic Engineering / ECV 3213

Lecturer

: Miss Munirah

Due Date

: 03rd April 2015

Date Submitted

: 03rd April 2015

Allocation of Work for Fieldwork 1

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1. Title / Front page

- Sri Kartikeayan
2. List of Content
- Sri Kartikeayan
3. Introduction and Location
- Usman
4. Aim of Survey
- Usman
5. List of instruments used
- Hassan
6. Description of Procedures
- Ismail
7. Field book readings and Calculation
- Sri Kartikeayan
8. Comment and Conclusion
- Sri Kartikeayan

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................ 4
Location...................................................................................................................... 5
Aim of survey............................................................................................................. 5
Instrument used in Levelling Survey..........................................................................5
Dumpy Level........................................................................................................... 6
Tripod...................................................................................................................... 7
Level staf............................................................................................................... 8
Procedure................................................................................................................... 8
Sketch of the location................................................................................................. 9
Calculation................................................................................................................ 10
Comment and Conclusion......................................................................................... 10
References................................................................................................................ 11

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Introduction
Looking over or area reviewing is the system, calling, and study of precisely
deciding the physical or three-dimensional position of focuses and the separations
and points between them, usually rehearsed by surveyors, and individuals from
diferent designing callings.[1] These focuses are generally on the surface of the
Earth, and they are regularly used to secure area maps and limits for possession,
areas like building corners or the surface area of subsurface highlights, or diferent
purposes needed by government or common law. [1]
An option definition, from the American Congress on Surveying and Mapping
(ACSM), is the science and craft of making all key estimations to focus the relative
position of focuses or physical and social points of interest above, on, or underneath
the surface of the Earth, and to delineate them in a usable structure, or to build the
position of focuses or subtle elements. [1]
The least complex technique for measuring stature is with an altimeter
fundamentally a gauge utilizing pneumatic force as a sign of tallness. At the same
time when more exact estimations are required, a mixed bag of means, for
example, exact levels (otherwise called diferential leveling), have been created to
do this. [2] At the point when exact leveling, a progression of estimations between
two focuses are taken utilizing an instrument and a measuring bar. Diferentials in
tallness between the estimations are included and subtracted in an arrangement to
infer the net contrast in height between the two endpoints of the arrangement. [2]
The survey was inside SEGi University around clock tower. Nature of fieldwork
was to conduct a leveling survey to check the as built levels of various structures
and see through front sight back sight and intersight of a places .The location to
determine was A, B and C the survey the fascinating fact about place was it covers
grass ground some of road pool side and some of high and dump place. The survey
was about to see the leveling, distance position and leveling of the following place.
The measurement done of each and every frontsight, backsight and intersight of the
locations and make it up to the mark.

Location
The location of the survey was picked in SEGi University campus around clock
tower. The marking of location A indicates a point near to faculty building basement
floor area. Marking location B indicates a place near to clock tower and its
surrounding ground level whereas location C indicates area near to firm grass field
located around SEGi pavilion area.
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Aim of survey
To learn the basic levelling principles, theory and applications and to be able
to book and reduce levelling data.

Instrument used in Levelling Survey

There were three basic instruments has been used for this surveying. The
instruments has been listen respectively:

Figure 1: Instrument used in Levelling Survey

Dumpy Level
The level device is fixed on the top of the tripod and, according on the type,
either roughly or accurately set to a levelled condition using foot screws. [3] The
surveyor looks to the eyepiece of the telescope while an assistant holds a tape
measure or graduated staf vertical at the point under measurement. The
instrument and staf are used to collect and/or transfer elevations (levels) during
site surveys or building construction. [3]

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Figure 2: Dumpy Level

Tripod
The tripod is placed in the location where it is required. The operator will press down
on the legs' platforms to lock on the legs in soil or to force the feet to a low position
on uneven, pock-marked pavement. Leg lengths are placed to bring the tripod head
to a convenient height and make it roughly level. [4]
Once the tripod is placed the instrument is put on the head. The mounting screw is
pushed up under the instrument to engage the instrument's base and screwed tight
when the instrument is in the correct position. The flat surface of the tripod head is
called the foot plate and is used to support the adjustable feet of the instrument. [4]

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Figure 3: Tripod

Level staf
A level staf, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminum
rod, the use of which permits the determination of diferences in elevation. [5]

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Figure 4: Level staf

Procedure
The following steps has been taken during surveying to make sure the
reading is taken to the closest value as the actual measurement and minimizing the
error during the surveying.
1) Firstly, TBM was selected as a fixed point and the reduced level assumed RL
(100.0m).
2) Then the tripod has been set and the legs were pushed firmly into the
ground.
3) The levelling was carefully placed on the top of the tripod.
4) The circular bubble has been centralized by using the foot screws.
5) The instrument was at a suitable distance towards A and the reading was
taken as a Back sight (B.S)
6) The staf has been shifted to another place and reading was taken as Inter
side (I.S) with consideration of two times repeating for each point.
7) Equipment moved to a new position towards A and the reading taken as a
Fore sight (F.S)
8) The instruments were moved to a new position and the reading of the
previous position of the staf was recorded. This position of staf is known as
change point (A.B) and the reading was Back Sight (B.S).
9) The above procedure was repeated for the other two points B and C.

Sketch of the location.

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Figure 6: Sketch of the locations.

Calculation
Two types of method was calculation in order to analyze the value obtained from the
surveying. The calculation has been attached to the following page.

Comment and Conclusion

During the surveying, many challenges and obstacles were faced in order to
minimize the error to take place which can give inaccurate reading. Firstly, the
instrument has been verified to be levelled correctly. This was ensured by checking
the calibration certificate of the leveling. Focusing the lens of the telescope was
ensured in order to avoid any misreading by the group members. Besides that, the
group members was also given an opportunity to recap the theory studies before
performing the survey in order to avoid misreading of the cross-hair reading (e.g.
top instead of middle). Ensuring the staf is held vertically was also taken by asking
the person holding the staf to adjust vertically according to leveling lens by the
group members to avoid parallax error. Moreover, the group members were also
tough to do correct field data booking method to avoid error and redo the survey.
An arithmetic checks (necessary for checking the reduction) was also
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performed during the analysis of the reading obtained from the survey to avoid
miscalculation. Besides that, two diferent method which are Rise & Fall and
Height of Collimation was performed to ensure the reading was booked and
calculated correctly.
In conclusion, all the possible errors was avoided during and after the survey
to increase the accuracy of the survey. It is recommended to the students to apply
all the necessary precautions that may cause error during the survey. It is also
required to know and understand both methods of reduction. This will ensure the
leveling survey has been performed and presented efectively.

References
1. How to Get a Land Survey: 5 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow. 2015. How to
Get a Land Survey: 5 Steps (with Pictures) - wikiHow. [ONLINE] Available
at: http://www.wikihow.com/Get-a-Land-Survey. [Accessed 30 March 2015].
2. Surveying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Surveying - Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available
at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying. [Accessed 30 March 2015].
3. Dumpy level - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Dumpy level Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available
at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpy_level. [Accessed 01 April 2015].
4. Tripod - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Tripod - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod.
[Accessed 01 April 2015].
5. Level staf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2015. Level staff - Wikipedia,
the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available
at:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_staf. [Accessed 01 April 2015].

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