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Experiment No: 1 Measure CO, HC Emission From Petrol Engines On Exhaust Gas Analysis

The document describes procedures for measuring CO and HC emissions from vehicle exhaust using gas analyzers. It explains that CO is measured using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy which detects the absorption of infrared radiation by CO molecules. The experiment involves calibrating the gas analyzer, ensuring the vehicle is at normal operating temperature, inserting the probe into the exhaust pipe, and recording CO and HC readings at idle speeds and higher engine RPMs. It also provides details on two-gas and four-gas analyzers and their use in measuring specific exhaust components.

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62 views4 pages

Experiment No: 1 Measure CO, HC Emission From Petrol Engines On Exhaust Gas Analysis

The document describes procedures for measuring CO and HC emissions from vehicle exhaust using gas analyzers. It explains that CO is measured using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy which detects the absorption of infrared radiation by CO molecules. The experiment involves calibrating the gas analyzer, ensuring the vehicle is at normal operating temperature, inserting the probe into the exhaust pipe, and recording CO and HC readings at idle speeds and higher engine RPMs. It also provides details on two-gas and four-gas analyzers and their use in measuring specific exhaust components.

Uploaded by

raumil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO: 1

Measure CO, HC emission from petrol engines


on exhaust gas analysis.
Theory: Carbon monoxide can have serious health impact on humans and animals. When
involved in bonds to the blood in place of oxygen. This is carried through the
bloodstream and reduces the oxygen; particularly the heart and brain can be a serious
problem for people with a Cardiovascular Carboxy Moblin formation is reversible when
the person is longer to carbon monoxide.
Carbon monoxide connections are measured by a technique known as non-dispersive
infrared spectroscopy. Carbon monoxide absorbs infrared radiations at the wavelengths
near 4.7 microns
Infrared radiations are passed through a cell containing ambient air, causing the carbon
monoxide molecule to vibration spring, as the energy is absorbed. Infrared ensuring that
the instrument responds specifically to carbon monoxide.
The instrument used for the measurement of CO and HC shall be approved instrument
as given in CMVR-116 (3) and meeting the requirement specified in Part-8.
Measurement of idling CO and HC emissions of in use 2, 3, and 4 wheelers. Vehicle 2 has
analysis type approved as per chapter 2 of Part 8 shall be used. The tachometer to
measure engine idling speed shall be approximate variation of + 50 rpm.
The Electronic Calibration shall be carried out after the instrument is switched ON and
there after a maximum time period of four hours.
The Total record of calibration shall be maintained and if it observed during calibration
that it is shifted more than the accuracy the calibration period shall be suitably reduced.
Calibration is done by analyzing the result of an exhaust of a vehicle whose engines are
running.
It shall be ensured that the handling line and probe are for from contaminates.

(1) air tank, (2) orifice, (3) inclined manometer, (4) data logger, (5) exhaust gas analyzer, (6) dynamometer, (7) transducer, (8)
tachometer, (9) exhaust manifold, (10) carburetor, (11) weighing device, (12) fuel container and (13) computer.

Vehicle Performance: It shall be checked that the road vehicle exhaust system is leakproof and that manual
choice control has been returned the rest position. It shall be checked that the gas
sample probe can be in series into the exhaust pipe to a depth at least 300 mm
The vehicle shall have attained normal conditions as defined in immediately prior to the
measurement.
Measurement: Immediately preceding the measurement of the engine is to be accelerated to moderate
speed with no load maintained for at least 15 seconds. Then Return to the idle speed as
set in 3.24. While the engine idles, the sample probe shall be inserted into the exhaust
pipe to the depth not less than 300 mm.
After the engine speed stabilizes the reading be taken. Also the CO and HC
concentration shall be recorded with other readings.
If it happens where the device is incorporated in exhaust system for the dilution of the
exhaust both CO and CO2 should be measured using an instrument having facility to
measure both CO and CO2. The measured value of CO shall be taken as carbon
monoxide emission from the vehicles.

Good combustion is simply put this way:


HC + O2 + N2 = H2O + CO2 + N2
In troubleshooting, always remember the combustion chemistry equation:
Fuel (hydrogen, carbon, sulphur) + Air (nitrogen, oxygen) = Carbon dioxide + water
vapour + oxygen + carbon monoxide + hydrocarbon + oxides of nitrogen + sulphur
oxides.
HC + NOx + Still air + Sunlight = Smog.
Multiple exhaust system cut tests shall be connected to the manifold arrangement
terminating in a single outlet the concentration from the multiple pipes may be used.
If the measurements are to be repeated the entire procedure of measurement is to be
repeated. For the purpose of PUC certification if its idling CO and HC are not within
limits than it should be discontinued and vehicle should be sent to repair/service.
Two/Four Gas Analysis: For a Two Gas analyzer the exhaust gases are measured in CO and HC form only. The
device that can only measure CO and HC as for the vehicle exhaust CO is the harmful
gas. In Two Gas analyzer it is necessary that the vehicle is at vertical position and the
probe that measure the sample is properly placed in to its place.
For a Four Gas Analyzer, The instrument measures four of the contents from the vehicle.
The contents measured are HC, CO, CO2 and O2. In some analyzers there is also a facility
of measurement of NOx content from the exhaust of a vehicle.
When testing exhaust emissions, follow the tester manufacturers operating
instructions. Federal and state laws set maximum limits on the amount of HC and CO in
the exhaust gas. Take the readings with the engine idling at normal temperature and
Repeat the process with engine running at 1500 rpm and 2500 rpm.
NOTE: - An exhaust analyzer can also be used to check for exhaust gas leakage into the cooling
system and Fuel or Fuel vapor leaks.

FAQs: What are Emission norms?


Emission norms are prescribing CO, HC and NOx level set by the government which a
vehicle would when running on roads. All the manufacturing needs to be implement the same
for vehicle being manufactured from the date of implements.
What are EURO norms?
EURO norms refer to the permissible emission level from both petrol and diesel vehicles
which have been implements in ensure. However in India, the government has adopted the
EURO norms for available fuel quantity and method of testing.
The norms equivalent to EURO-2 are called 2005 norms but these have not get been
specified by the Indian Government.
Overview of Emission norms in India: 1991 Idle CO limits for gasoline vehicle and free acceleration smoke for diesel vehicle
mass emission norms of gasoline vehicle.
1992 Mass Emission Norms for Diesel Vehicles
1996 Revision of mass emission norms for gasoline and diesel vehicle. Fitting of
catalytic converters for the vehicles using unleaded fuels.
1992 Cold start norms introduced
2000 India 2000 norms modified IDC Bharat stage II for Delhi.
2003 Bharat stage II for major 13 cities.
2005 From April Bharat stage III norms for major 13 cities.
2010 Bharat Stage III emissions norms for 4 wheeled vehicle for entire country.
Whereas Bharat stage VI for major 13 cities.
Conclusion:

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