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Experiment No 12

The document outlines an experiment to diagnose the condition of a Spark Ignition (S.I.) engine using an exhaust gas analyzer, focusing on the analysis of various exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides. It details the materials required, safety precautions, procedure for data acquisition, and analysis of gas readings against normal ranges to identify potential engine problems. The results indicate the engine is generally healthy, with slightly elevated NOx levels at higher RPMs suggesting the need for further investigation.

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13 views2 pages

Experiment No 12

The document outlines an experiment to diagnose the condition of a Spark Ignition (S.I.) engine using an exhaust gas analyzer, focusing on the analysis of various exhaust gases such as hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides. It details the materials required, safety precautions, procedure for data acquisition, and analysis of gas readings against normal ranges to identify potential engine problems. The results indicate the engine is generally healthy, with slightly elevated NOx levels at higher RPMs suggesting the need for further investigation.

Uploaded by

sk8639192
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No 12 : Diagnosis of S.I.

Engine Condition using Exhaust Gas


Analyzer
Objective: To diagnose the condition of a Spark Ignition (S.I.) engine by analyzing its exhaust gases using an
exhaust gas analyzer.

Theory:
The exhaust gas analyzer measures the concentration of various gases in the engine's exhaust, such as:
● Hydrocarbons (HC): Unburned fuel, indicating incomplete combustion. High HC levels can be due to
faulty ignition, rich air-fuel mixture, or mechanical issues.
● Carbon Monoxide (CO): A toxic gas produced due to incomplete combustion due to a lack of oxygen.
High CO levels suggest a rich air-fuel mixture, a malfunctioning choke, or a blocked air filter.
● Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A product of complete combustion. High CO2 levels indicate efficient combustion.
● Oxygen (O2): The amount of free oxygen in the exhaust. High O2 levels suggest a lean air-fuel mixture,
vacuum leaks, or a faulty oxygen sensor.
● Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Formed at high temperatures and pressures. High NOx levels can indicate
excessive combustion temperatures, a lean air-fuel mixture, or a malfunctioning EGR system.
By analyzing the concentration of these gases, we can get insights into the engine's combustion process and
identify potential problems.

Materials Required:
● S.I. Engine (preferably a running engine on a test stand or a vehicle)
● Exhaust Gas Analyzer
● Connecting hoses and probes
● Tachometer (to measure engine RPM)
● Workshop manual for the specific engine
● Safety goggles and gloves

Procedure:
1. Safety Precautions: Wear safety goggles and gloves. Ensure the engine is in a well-ventilated area. Be
cautious of hot engine components and exhaust gases.

2. Engine Warm-up: Start the engine and allow it to reach its normal operating temperature. This ensures
accurate readings from the exhaust gas analyzer.

3. Analyzer Setup: Connect the exhaust gas analyzer to the engine's exhaust pipe using the provided probe
and hoses. Ensure a tight and leak-free connection. Calibrate the analyzer according to the
manufacturer's instructions, if required. Most modern analyzers perform an automatic calibration.

4. Data Acquisition:

○ Start the engine and let it idle. Record the readings of HC, CO, CO2, O2, and NOx from the
exhaust gas analyzer. Note the engine RPM.
○ Increase the engine speed to a specified RPM (e.g., 2000 RPM) and record the readings again.
Consult the workshop manual for recommended test RPMs.
○ Repeat the measurements at different engine speeds, if necessary.

5. Data Analysis: Compare the recorded readings with the specifications provided in the engine's workshop
manual or the exhaust gas analyzer's documentation. Use the table below as a general guideline.
6. Gas Normal Range Potential Problems (High Potential Problems (Low
(General Reading) Reading)
Guideline)

HC < 100 Misfire, rich mixture, faulty Lean mixture (unlikely to be


(ppm) ignition, mechanical issues extremely low)

CO (%) < 1.0 (at idle) Rich mixture, faulty choke, Lean mixture (unlikely to be
blocked air filter, ignition extremely low)
problems

CO2 12-16 Good combustion efficiency Incomplete combustion, lean


(%) mixture

O2 (%) 1-4 Lean mixture, vacuum leaks, Rich mixture, poor


faulty oxygen sensor combustion

NOx < 1000 High combustion Low combustion


(ppm) temperature, lean mixture, temperature (may not
faulty EGR system always be a problem)

Diagnosis: Based on the analysis of the exhaust gas readings, diagnose the potential problems with the engine.
For example, high HC and CO levels suggest incomplete combustion, which could be due to a faulty ignition
system, a rich air-fuel mixture, or mechanical issues.

Data :
Engine Speed (RPM) HC (ppm) CO (%) CO2 (%) O2 (%) NOx (ppm)

Idle 80 0.8 14.5 2.0 800

2000 50 0.5 15.2 1.5 950

3000 40 0.3 15.5 1.2 1050

Result: Engine generally healthy, though slightly elevated NOx at higher RPMs may warrant further investigation.

Conclusion: Exhaust gas analysis provides valuable insights into engine condition and combustion efficiency.
Combine with other diagnostic methods for best results.

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