BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY, TIRUCHIRAPPALLI 620 024.

CENTRE FOR DISTANCE EDUCATION

B.Sc. Physics Course Structure

(For the candidates to be admitted from the year 2005-2006 onwards)
Seme
ster

Course Title

Exam
Hours

Marks

Total

Language Course I (LC)

English Language Course - I (ELC)
Core Course I (CC) - Properties of Matter
and Acoustics
Core Course II (CC) Practical I
First Allied Course I (AC)
First Allied Course II (AC)
General Interest Course (GIC)

3
3
3

Int.
25
25
25

*
3
*
3

25
25

75
75

100
100

II

Language Course II (LC)

English Language Course II (ELC)
Core Course II (CC) Practical I
Core Course III (CC) Mechanics
First Allied Course II (AC)
First Allied Course III (AC)

3
3
3
3
3
3

25
25
25
25
25
25

75
75
75
75
75
75

100
100
100
100
100
100

3
3

25
25

75
75

100
100

III

Language Course III (LC)

English Language Course - III
(ELC)
Core Course IV (CC) Thermal Physics
Core Course V (CC) Practical II
Second Allied Course I (AC)
Second Allied Course II (AC)

3
*
3
*

25
25
-

75
75
-

100
100
-

Language Course IV (LC)

English Language Course IV (ELC)
Core Course V (CC) Practical II
Core Course - VI (CC) Optics
Core Course VII (CC) Electricity and
Magnetism
Second Allied Course II (AC)
Second Allied Course - III (AC)

3
3
3
3
**

25
25
25
25
-

75
75
75
75
-

100
100
100
100
-

3
3

25
25

75
75

100
100

IV

Extn.
75
75
75

100
100
100

VI

Core Course VII (CC) Electricity and

Magnetism
Core Course VIII (CC) Atomic Physics
Core Course IX (CC) Basic Electronics
Core Course X (CC) Practical III
Elective Course I (EC) - Energy Physics
Elective Course II (EC) - Molecular
Biophysics
Elective Course III (EC) - Spectroscopy
and Laser Physics

25

75

100

3
3
*
3
3

25
25
25
25

75
75
75
75

100
100
100
100

25

75

100

Core Course X (CC) Practical III

Core Course XI (CC) Practical IV
Core Course XII (CC) Computer
Programming C Language
Core Course XIII (CC) Relativity and
Wave Mechanics
Core Course XIV (CC) Solid State
Physics
Elective Course IV (EC) - Integrated
Electronics

3
3
3

25
25
25

75
75
75

100
100
100

25

75

100

25

75

100

25

75

100

List of Allied Courses :

Group I
Mathematics (compulsory)

Group II (Any one)

1. Chemistry
2. Computer Science
3. Geology

Note : Either group of Allied Course may be offered in the I year / II year.

Examination at the end of even semester

**

Examination at the end of fifth semester

CC I : PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND ACOUSTICS

UNIT I : Elasticity :
Stress strain diagram Elastic Moduli, Work done per unit volume in
shearing strain Relation between elastic constants Poissons Ratio
Expression for Poissons ratio in terms of elastic constants Twisting couple
on a wire Work done in twisting Torsional pendulum determination of
rigidity modulus of a wire.
UNIT II : Bending of beams:
Expression for bending moment Cantilever Expression for depression
Experiment to find Youngs modulus Cantilever oscillation Expression
for period Uniform bending Expression for elevation Experiment to
find Youngs modulus using microscope Non Uniform bending
Expression for depression Experiment to determine Youngs modulus
using mirror and telescope.
UNIT IIIa : Surface tension:
Definition and dimensions of surface tension Excess of pressure over
curved surfaces Variation of surface tension with temperature Jaegars
experiment.
UNIT IIIb : Physics of Low Pressure:
Production and measurement of low pressure Grades molecular pump
Knudsens absolute gauge Detection of leakage.
UNIT IV : Viscosity :
Streamlined motion Turbulent motion Coefficient of viscosity and its
dimension Rate of flow of liquid in a capillary tube Poiseuilles formula
Experiment to determine the coefficient of viscosity of liquid.
UNIT V : Acoustics:
Fouriers theorem Application to saw tooth wave and square wave,
extension of range Analysis into partial Fourier Phonodeila. Music and
noise Characteristics of musical sound, quality of tone, consonance and
dissonance musical scale tempered scale decibel noise pollution.
3

Source in an enclosure reverberation and time of reverberation Sabines

formula Erring Formula Optimum reverberation measurement of
reverberation time absorption coefficient - acoustics design Ultrasonics
production , properties and applications.
Books for study and reference:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Properties of matter Brijlal and Subramanian

Properties of matter D.S.Mathur.
Properties of matter Subramania Iyer and Jeyaraman.
Oscillations, waves and sound L.P. Sharma, H.C.Saxena.
A text book of sound R.L.Saigal.
A text book of sound N.Subrahmanyam and Brijlal.
CC II- Major Practical I

1.
2.
3.
4.

Non-uniform bending Pin and Micrscope.

Uniform bending Optic lever.
Surface tension Capillary rise.
Sonometer Verification of laws RD of solids determination of
frequency and AC frequency.
5. Meldes Experiment Transverse and longitudinal.
6. Compound pendulum g and k.
7. Cantilever depression scale and telescope.
8. Specific heat capacity of a liquid Newtons law of cooling.
9. Thermal conductivity of a bad conductor Lees disc.
10.Long focus convex lens f, R, u.
11.Concave lens r, R, u.
12.Newtons Rings R determination, u of liquid.
13.Spectrometer u of solid prism.
14.Air wedge thickness of a wire, thickness of insulation.
15.P.O.Box Temperature coefficient.
16.Potentiometer Internal resistance.
CC III - MECHANICS

UNIT I : Dynamics Projectile, Impulse, Impact.

Projectile range of horizontal and inclined plane Impulse Impact
Impulsive force Laws of impact Impact of a smooth sphere on a smooth
horizontal plane Direct and oblique impacts Loss in kinetic energy
Motion of two interacting bodies reduced mass.
4

UNIT II : Dynamics of rigid bodies.

Kinetic energy of rotation Theory of compound pendulum Equivalent
simple pendulum Reversibility of centres of oscillation and suspension
Determination of g and radius of gyration of a bar pendulum period of
oscillation of a Bifilar pendulum with and without parallel threads.
Centre of mass Velocity and acceleration of centre of mass
determination of motion of individual particle system of variable mass
equation for a Rocket Conservation of linear and angular momentum.
UNIT III
Gravitation and Centre of Gravity.
Gravitational potential and field due to spherical shell - Gravitational energy
Boys method of determination of G Centre of gravity of solid and
hollow tetrahedron. Solid and hollow hemisphere Stability of equilibrium.
UNIT IV: Centre of Pressure.
Vertical rectangular lamina Vertical triangular lamina - Vertical circular
lamina Atmospheric pressure its variation with altitude Reasons for such
variation.
Hydrodynamics:
Equation of continuity of flow Eulers equation for unidirectional flow
Torricellis theorem Bernoulis theorem and applications.
UNIT V : Classical Mechanics.
Mechanics for a system of particles constraints Generalized co-ordinates
transformation equations configuration space principle of virtual work
DAlemberts Principle Lagranges equations for systems containing
dissipative forces Applications of Lagranges equations Atwoods
machine Simple pendulum Hamiltonian function Hamiltons equation
Physical significance of Hamiltonian function Application of
Harmiltons equations motion of a particle in central force field.
Books for Study:
1. Mechanics Part I & II Naryanamoorthy.
2. Classical Mechanics H. Goldstein.
3. Statistical Mechanics Sathyaprakash and C.Agarwal.
5

Books for Reference:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Elementary Statistical Mechanics Gupta Kumar.

Mechanics D.S.Mathur.
Classical Mechanics Gupta, Kumar and Sharma.
Feynman Lecture on Physics Vol.I R.P. Feynman.
CC IV : THERMAL PHYSICS

UNIT I : Thermodynamics:
Maxwells law of distribution of velocities Transport phenomenon
viscosity Thermal conductivity Diffusion Experimental confirmation
of the kinetic theory Zeroth law of thermodynamics First law of
thermodynamics Heat engines Reversible and irreversible process
Carnots theorem Second law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic scale of
temperature - entropy change of entropy in reversible and irreversible
processes Temp entropy diagram (T.S.) law of increase of entropy.
UNIT II : Low Temperature:
Joule Thomsons effect - porous plug expt. liquefaction of gases
Adiabatic expansion process adiabatic demagnetization Accessories
employed in dealing with liquefied gases Practical applications of low
temp Refrigerating mechanism Electrolux refrigerator Frigidaire - Air
conditioning machines.
UNIT III : Radiation:
Radiation Stefans Law Boltzmann law Black body - Rayleigh
radiation Rayleigh Jeans law Plancks law Stefan fourth power law
Pyrometry Solar constant Sources of solar energy some everyday
applications.
UNIT IV : Specific Heat:
Specific heat of solids Dulong and petits law Einsteins theory of
specific heat Debyes theory - specific heat of gases Variations of
specific heat of Diatomic gases quantization of various contributions to
energy of a Diatomic molecules Specific heat of diatomic gases
(Quantum theory ).

UNIT V : Statistical Physics:

Quantum statistics of identical particles M.B. B.E. F.D. Statistics
Applications B.E. and F.D. gases as degenerate gases Super conductivity
Meissner effect Type I & II super conductors.
Books for Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Heat and Thermodynamics J.B. Rajain and C.L.Arora.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Sharma and Sarkar.
Heat and Thermodynamics Brijlal and Subramaniam.
Statistical Mechanics Satya Prakash and C.Agarwal.

CC V - Major Practical II

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Static Torsion Determination of n.

Torsional pendulum n and I.
Coefficient of viscosity Graduated burette.
Stokes method Viscosity of highly viscous liquid.
Characteristics of junction and Zener diodes.
Emissive power of a surface Spherical calorimeter.
Joules calorimeter Specific heat capacity of liquid (Bartons
correction).
8. Carey Fosters Bridge R and P.
9. Potentiometer Ammeter calibration.
10.Potentiometer Temperature coefficient of R.
11.Potentiometer Calibration of low range voltmeter.
12.Figure of merit Mirror Galvanometer.
13.Transistor Characteristics CE configuration.
14.Spectrometer u of a liquid.
15.Spectrometer I d curve.
16.CRO Study of wave forms Lissajous figures f determination.

CC - VI : OPTICS
UNIT I : Thick Lenses.
Thick lens Principal foci and principal points Thick lens formulae
Power of a thick lens Nodal points Optical centre of a lens Spherical
lens.
Lens aberrations:
Spherical aberration Spherical aberration of a thin lens Ray tracing
Methods of reducing spherical aberration Coma - Aplanatic surface
Astigmatism Curvature of the field - Meniscus lens Distortion.
UNIT II : Optical Instruments
Kellners eyepiece Ramsdens eyepiece Huygens eyepiece.
Resolving power of optical instruments.
Resolving power Rayleighs criterion of resolution. Resolving power of a
(1) Telescope (2) Microscope (3) Electron microscope (4) Prisms (5)
Grating Dispersive power and resolving power of a grating The echelon
grating.
UNIT III : Interference :
Colours of thin films Air wedge Newtons rings - Haidingers fringes
Brewsters fringes Michelson Interferometer and its applications Fabry
perot Interferometer Lummer and Gehreke plate Interference filter
Stationary waves in light colour photography (ideas only) Holography
(ideas only).
UNIT IV : Diffraction:
Fresnels diffraction Diffraction at a (1) circular aperture (2) opaque
circular disc (3) Straight edge (4) narrow wire. Cornus spiral Fresnels
Integrals Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit - Double slit - Missing
orders in a Double slit, Diffraction pattern Grating with theory Oblique
incidence Overlapping of spectral lines Diffraction pattern Grating
with theory Oblique incidence - Overlapping of spectral lines Concave
reflection grating with theory.
8

UNIT V : Polarization.
Nicol prism Nicol prism as an analyzer and polarizer Huygens
explanation of Double refraction in uniaxial crystals Double Image
polarizing prisms Elliptically and circularly polarized light production
and detection quarter wave plate and half wave plate Babinets
compensator optical activity Fresnels explanation of optical activity
Laurents Half shade polarimeter.
Books for Study:
1. Optics by Brijlal and Subramaniam.
2. Optics by Khanna and Gulati.
Books for Reference:
1. Optics Jenkins and White, McGraw Hill.
2. Optics Ajoy Chatak (TMH).

CC VII : ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

UNIT I : Electrostatics
Coulombs law Electrical images electric intensity and potential due to
an earthed conducting sphere applying the principle of electrical images
Electrometers: Quadrant electrometer.
UNIT II : Magnetic properties of materials.
Definition IH and BH curves for a magnetic material (a) Magnetometer
method
(b) Ballistic galvanometer method Terrestrial magnetism
magnetic elements Dip circle Kew magnetometer causes of Earths
magnetic field.
UNIT III : Chemical effects of electric current.
Faradays laws of electrolysis Ionic velocities and mobilities
Calculation and experimental determination of ionic mobilities Transport
number.

Thermo electricity Peltier coefficient Thomson coefficient Application

of Thermodynamics to a Thermocouple and connected relations
Thermoelectric diagrams uses.
UNIT IV : LCR Circuits.
Determination of self inductance by Rayleighs method DC Circuits:
Growth and decay of current in a circuit containing resistance and
inductance Growth and decay of charge in a circuit containing resistance
and capacitor Application of electromagnetic induction Fluxmeter.
UNIT V :
A C Bridges : Owens bridge Andersons bridge Maxwells bridge
Electromagnetic theory Maxwells equations derivation propagation of
energy Poynting vector.
Books for Study:
1. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal & Subramanyam.
2. A text book of Electricity and Magnetism K.K.Tiwan.
Books for Reference:
1. Engineering Electromagnetism William Hayt TMH ed.
2. Introduction to Electromagnetic theory D.Kraus Wiley Eastern.

CC VIII : ATOMIC PHYSICS.

UNIT I : Positive ray analysis.
Properties e/m of positive rays: Thomsons Parabola method Astons,
Bains bridges Determination of Critical Potential Franck and Hertzs
experiment.
UNIT II : Photo Electricity.
Photoelectric emission laws Lenards experiment Richarson &
COMPTON experiment - Einsteins Photoelectric equation Experimental
verification of Einsteins Photoelectric equation by Millikans experiment.

10

UNIT III : Vector atom model.

Various quantum numbers, L-S and j-j couplings Paulis exclusion
principle electronic configuration of elements and periodic classification
magnetic dipole moment of electron due to orbital and spin motion Bohr
magneton Stern and Gerlach experiment.
UNIT IV : Fine Structure of Special Lines.
Special terms and notations Selection rules intensity rule and interval
rule Fine Structure of sodium D lines Alkali spectra Fine structure in
Alkali spectra Spectrum of Helium Zeeman effect Larmors theorem
Debyes quantum mechanical explanation of the normal Zeeman effect
Anamolous Zeeman effect theoretical explanation, Landes g factor and
explanation of splitting of D1 and D2 lines of sodium.
UNIT V : X- Rays.
X-Rays - Braggs Law Braggs X-ray spectrometer origin and analysis
of continuous X-ray spectrum and characteristic X-ray spectrum
Moseleys law and its importance Compton effect derivation of
expression for change in wavelength its experimental verification.
Books for Study:
Modern Physics by R.Murugeshan.
Books for Reference:
Modern Physics J.B. Rajam.
Atomic and Nuclear Physics N.Subramaniam and Brijlal.
CC IX : BASIC ELECTRONICS.
UNIT I : Semiconductors.
Introduction Pure semi conductor Recombination of electrons and holes
impurity semiconductor Fermi level in semi conductors Mechanism of
current conduction in semi conductors Mobility current density and
conductivity Diffusion Hall effect Junction Diodes p-n Junction
Biased p-n Junction Volt ampere characteristics of a p-n Junction Special
p-n Junction diodes.
11

UNIT II : Transistors.
Junction Transistors Transistor construction Mechanism of amplification
in a transistor Modes of operation of a transistor Alpha and Beta of a
transistor Current expression Transistor static characteristics in CB and
CE modes Analysis of Transistor amplifiers Transistor Biasing Two
port representation of a Transistor h-parameters Determination of hparameters AC equivalent circuit using h-parameters.
UNIT III : Special Devices.
Special semi conductor Devices: Field effect transistor Junction Field
effect transistor Metal oxide semi conductor. FET FET parameters
Comparison between FET and Transistor Photo transistor SCR UJT
Application of SCR and UJT.
UNIT IV : Amplifiers and Oscillators.
Voltage and Power Amplifiers: Classification of Amplifiers R.C. coupled
Transistor Amplifier Power Amplifiers Class A power Amplifier Push
pull, class B Power Amplifier Gain of amplifier with feed back Emiter
follower Effects of negative feed back Oscillators Types of oscillators
Concept of feed back oscillators Hartley, Colpitts, phase shift and Wien
Bridge oscillators.
UNIT V : Communications
Radio communication and Television : Modulation Amplitude modulation
Power in Air waves Frequency modulation Phase modulation
Detection Radio Transmitter Satellite communication Radio Receiver
Elementary concepts of a television system Image orthicon Scanning
Synchronisation Receiver picture Tube Television channel width
colour television.
Text Book:
Foundations of Electronics :
Chattopadhyay, D.,
Raxshit, P.C.
Sara, B and
Purkait
New Age International (P)
Limited.
Principles of Electronics V.K.Mehta.
A text book of applied Electronics R.S. Sedha.
12

CC - X - Major Practical III

SECTION A - General
(Any 12 experiments only).
1. Koenigs method Uniform bending Y.
2. Spectrometer i-i curve.
3. Spectrometer small angle prism.
4. Spectrometer Grating Normal incidence.
5. Spectrometer Grating minimum deviation and dispersive power.
6. Spectrometer Cauchys constants.
7. Spectrometer Fraunhofer lines.
8. Spectrometer Hartmanns Formula.
9. Field along the axis of a coil determination of M.
10.M and H Absolute determination using deflection and vibration
magnetometer.
11.Potentiometer EMF of a thermocouple.
12.Potentiometer x of thermistor.
13.Potentiometer High range voltmeter calibration.
14.Ballistic Galvanometer Figure of merit.
15.B.G. Absolute capacity of condenser.
16.B.G. Absolute L.
17.B.G. Absolute M.
18.Andersons bridge AC self inductance of a coil.
Section B Using C Language
(Any 3 experiments only).
19.Arranging words in alphabetical order.
20.Picking the largest and smallest of a set of numbers.
21.Solving quadratic equations.
22.Multiplication of two square matrices.
23.Integration Simpsons rule/ Trapezoidal method.
24.Solving equation by Newton Raphsons method.

13

CC XI - Major Practical IV
Section A Electronics
(Any 12 experiments only).
1. Series and Parallel resonance circuits (CRO can be used).
2. Regulated power supply using Zener, Percentage of regulation.
3. Single stage RC coupled amplifier Transistor.
4. Emitter follower amplifier Frequency response.
5. Hartley oscillator using transistor.
6. Colpitts oscillator.
7. Astable multivibrator.
8. Monostable multivibrator.
9. FET Characteristics.
10.FET amplifier.
11.Logic gates AND, OR and NOT gates using discrete components
Truth table.
12.Universal gates NAND/NOR and basic gates from Universal gates.
13.Adder and Subtractor Half and Full.
14.BCD to 7 segment decoder 7 segment LED display.
15.Op Amp Adder and Subtractor.
16.Op - Amp - Integrator and Differentiator.
17.Demorgans therem and Boolean algebra.
18.Flip Flop using gates.
Section B - Microprocessor 8085.
(Any 3 experiments only).
19.8-bit addition and 8-bit subtraction.
20.8-bit multiplication and Division.
21.Conversion from decimal to hexadecimal system.
22.Conversion from hexadecimal to decimal system.
23.16-bit addition.
********************

14

CC - XII : COMPUTER PROGRAMMING C LANGUAGE.

UNIT I
Introduction: Importance of C Basic structure of C Programs
Programming Style.
Constants, Variables and Data Types: Character set, Keywords and
Identifiers Constants Variables Data Types Declarations of Variables
Assigning values of variables.
Operators and Expressions: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment,
Increment and Decrement, Conditional, Bitwise, Comma Operators
Arithmetic expressions Procedure and Associativity.
UNIT II
Input Output Operator: getchar, putchar, Formatted output (printf) and
Formatted input (scanf).
Control Structure : Decision making with if, - if.else switch go to The
break and continue statements while do, while for statements.
Arrays: One dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, declaring arrays,
storing arrays in memory initializing arrays.
UNIT III
Functions: Basic functions Return values and their types calling
functions function arguments external variables and scope rules.
Structures and Union : Structures Arrays of Structures Arrays within
structures structures and functions Unions.
UNIT IV
Pointers: Pointers and functions arguments Pointers and arrays address
arithmetic character pointers and functions Pointer arrays Point arrays
Point on Pointers.
Preprocessor: Macro substitution File inclusion Complier control
directives opening and closing a file reading and writing data error
handling Random Access.
UNIT V
Development of algorithm, flowchart and program for the following
problem.
1. Average of a set of numbers.
2. Conversion of Fahrenheit to Celsius.
15

3. Solving quadratic equation.

4. Finding the factorial using recursion.
5. To add/subtract/multiply two matrices.
6. To find the smallest and largest element in an array.
7. Sorting a set of numbers in ascending/descending order.
8. To arrange the names in alphabetical order.
9. Numerical integration by Trapezoidal/Simpsons rule.
10.Determination of roots by Newton-Raphson method.
Books for Study:
1. Programming in ANSI C E.Balagurusamy Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Schaums Outline Series Theory and Problems of Programming with
C Byron S.Gottifried, McGraw Hill, Internationals.
3. Programming with C Venugopal, K.R. and Sudep R.P.Tata McGraw
Hill, 1998.
CC XIII : RELATIVITY AND WAVE MECHANICS
The objective of the course is to provide the students the concept of
quantum, duality of microscopic particles, quantum description of sub
atomic particles. The impact of the theory of relativity in the understanding
of the microscope world will also be discussed.
UNIT I : Relativity.
Galilean Newtonian relativity, Galilean transformations Michelson
Morley experiment and its importance Einsteins postulates Lorentz
transformations and its interpretation consequence of Lorentz
transformations Space contraction, time dilation application to meson
decay relativistic addition of velocities.
UNIT II : Duality.
Plancks hypothesis, Plancks theory & blackbody radiation confirmation
of quantum of energy Compton effect and Photoelectric effect DeBrogile
waves wave packet, phase and group velocities Davisson Germer
experiment - Gamma ray microscope Uncertainty principle wave
mechanics.

16

UNIT III : Schrodinger equation.

Time dependent and time independent Schrodinger equation postulates,
observable and operators probability density and current density, equation
of continuity expectation values. Particle in an infinite one-dimensional
square well potential Step barrier tunnel effect application to alpha
decay. One dimensional harmonic oscillator Zero point energy angular
momentum operator commutational relation rigid rotator and hydrogen
atom (out line of the steps only).
UNIT IV : Nucleus.
Review of basic properties of nuclei mass, radius, binding energy, nuclear
moments isotopes isobars radioactivity. Cyclotron Betatron Linear
accelerator Geiger Muller counter Cloud chamber Photographic
emulsions Q value of nuclear reaction discovery of neutron, positron
cloud chamber photographs.
UNIT V :
Liquid Drop Model application to fission, fission fragments, neutrons in
fission process
- nuclear energy thermonuclear reactor neutron life cycle atom bomb.
Shell Model magic numbers spin orbit coupling application to islands
of isomerism and nuclear moments. Basic ideas of a nuclear reactor.
Bethes theory of fusion solar energy hydrogen bomb.
Basic classification of subatomic particles photons, leptons meson
baryons.
Text:
1. Arthus Beiser, Concept of Modern Physics: McGraw Hill Ed. V,
(1999).
2. R.Resnick, Introduction to special theory of relativity John Wiley,
(1968), New York.
3. D.C.Tayal, Nuclear Physics Himalayan Publication house, Bombay
(1980).
Reference:
1. F.K.Richmyer, E.H. Kennard & J.Cooper, Introduction to modern
physics Ed. VI McGraw Hill (New York), 1969.
2. I.Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, Addition Wesley, (1969).
3. M.R.Wehr, J.A.Richards Jr.T.W.Adwin, Physics of the atom,
Narosa publication house, New Delhi (1984).
17

CC XIV : SOLID STATE PHYSICS

UNIT I
Crystal Lattice Primitive and Unit Cell Seven Classes of Crystals
BRAVAIS Lattice Miller Indices Structure of Crystals Simple Cubic,
Hexagonal Close packed structure, Face Centered Cubic Structure, Body
Centered Cubic Structure, Simple Cubic Structure, Sodium Chrloride
Structure, Zinc Blende Structure, Diamond Structure.
UNIT II
Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals Braggs Law in One Dimension
Experimental Method in X-Ray Diffraction Laue Method, Rotating Crystal
Method Powder Photograph Method Von Laues equations.
Point Defects, Line Defects Surface Defects Volume Defects Effects of
Crystal Imperfections.
UNIT III
Different Types of Magnetic materials Classical Theory of Diamagnetism
(Langevins Theory) - Langevins Theory of Paramagnetism Weiss
Theory of Paramagnetism Qualitative Explanation of Heisenbergs
interpretation of Internal Field and Quantum Theory of Ferromagnetism.
UNIT IV
Fundamental Definitions in Dielectrics Different types of Electric
Polarization Frequency and Temperature Effects on Polarization
Dielectric Loss Local Field on Internal Field Clausius Mosotti Relation
Determination of Dielectric Constant.
UNIT V
Type of Bonds in Crystals Ionic, Valence, Metallic, Vanderwaals and
Hydrogen Bonding.
Qualitative Explanation for the Occurrence of Super Conductivity General
Properties of Superconductors Type of Superconductors Application of
Superconductors.
Dielectric Breakdown Properties of Different Types of Insulting Materials.
18

Books for Study:

Material Science M.Arumugam Anuradha Publishers.
Reference:
Introduction to Solid State Physics Kittel Wiley and Sons
Material Science and Engineering V. Raghavan PHI
Introduction to Solids Azaroff TMH.

EC I - ENERGY PHYSICS.
UNIT I : Conventional Energy Sources.
Worlds reserve of commercial energy sources and their availability
various forms of energy renewable and conventional energy systems
comparison coal, oil and natural gas availability statistical details
applications merits and demerits.
UNIT II : Non Conventional Energy Sources.
Renewable energy sources solar energy nature of solar radiation
components solar heaters crop dryers space cooling solar cooling
solar ponds, solar cookers water desalination photovoltaic generation
basics merits and demerits of solar energy.
UNIT III:
Biomass energy classification photosynthesis biomass conversion
process gobar gas plants wood gasification ethanol from wood
advantages and disadvantages of biomass as energy source geothermal
energy wind energy ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) energy
from waves and tides (Basic ideas, nature, applications, merits and demerits
of these).
UNIT IV : Energy Storage & Impacts of Non-Conventional Energy.
Conservation of energy patterns of energy consumption in domestic,
Industrial, transportation and agricultural sectors - conservation principles in
these sectors energy crisis and possible solutions energy options for the
developing countries energy storage and hydrogen as a fuel (basics)
impacts due to non-conventional energy sources global warming.

19

Text Books:
1. G.D.Rai Solar energy utilization Ed,V.1995.
2. S.P.Sukhatme, Solar energy Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company, Ed., II 1997.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.

G.D.Rai, Non Conventional Energy Sources, Ed. IV 1997.

S.Rao and Dr.B.B. Parulekar, Energy Technology, Ed. II, 1997.
A.K.Wahil, Power Plant Techology, 1993.
Godfrey Boyle, Renewable Energy : Power for a sustainable Future,
Alden Oess Limited Oxford 1996.
5. Jyoti Parikh, Energy models for 2000 and beyond, 1997, TATA
McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.

EC - II - MOLECULAR BIOPHYSICS.
UNIT I : CELLULAR BASIS OF LIFE.
Structure and constitutents of animal cell-plant cell and bacterial cell its
organelles Molecular constituents of cell (elementary ideas) Structures of
viruses types.
Stereo Chemistry and Conformation Asymmetric carbon Isomerism
Types Constitution Configuration and Conformation Chirality Fisher
convention L and D system R-S System Torsion angle newman
projection conformation of ethane and n-butane Barrier to rotation.
UNIT II : Structure and conformation of proteins.
Amino acids Structure of Peptide bond Rigid planar peptide bond
Rigid planar peptide Cis and Trans configuration Torsion angles Phi and
Psi Steric hindrance hardsphere approximation contact criteria
Ramachandran (diagram) map Allowed conformations for a pair of linked
pepetide units (map for glycine and alanine residues) classification of
proteins basedon functions based on structure globular fibrous
Levels of structural organization Types of secondary structure Helix - sheet turns - super secondary and domain.
UNIT III : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATE.
Classification Simple Mono Saccharides Glyceraldehyde Fisher
projection formulae L and D and R and S notation other monosaccharides
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 Pyranose form Stereio isomerism of sugars conformation of pyranoid

rings Dissaccharides structure of Cellobiose Maltose Lactose Sucrose
Types of linkages in polysaccharides Ramachandran map for
Disaccharides Polysaccharides Classification Structural Storage
Function of cellulose Amylose Chitin Glycogen Complex
carbohydrate Functions of glycoproteins proteoglycans structure of
peptidoglycon Lectins.
UNIT IV : STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS.
Nucleosides and nucleotides structure of oligonucleotides base pairing
and base stacking Structure of DNA Watson and Cricket model
Variations in DNA structure Polymorphism A, B and Z DNA structure
of RNA and tRNA Genetic code Protein Protein biosynthesis
Reverse transcription Basis ideas of Genetic engineering.
UNIT V ENZYMES, VITAMINS, HORMONES AND LIPIDS.
Enzymes classification Mechanism of enzyme action Factors
influencing enzyme action enzymes of clinical interest (Amylase,
Lipase, Trypsin Lysozyme).
Lipids: Classification of Fatty acids Properties complex lipids
Triglycerides Phospholipids Sphingolipids Simple lipids Terpnes.
Vitamins: Classification Fat soluble vitamins Vitamins A.D.E. and K
Structure Properties functions Water soluble Vitamins Vitamin B
Complex thiamine (B1), Riboflavin (B2) Niacin Biotin Folic acid
Vitamin C their functions.
Hormones: Properties their chemistry an metabolic effects Thyroxine
Parathyroid hormone Insulin and Glucagon Sex hormones Pituitary
hormones.
Elementary Programs for : (Fortran).
Internal Parameters Bond Length bond angle torsion angle
calculation Fortran
programs coordinate generation Fractional to
orthogonal Given and U generation of coordinates GNR MAP for
dipeptide disaccharide helical parameters - helix generation Energy
calculation Energy map for Ethane dipeptide disaccharide Random
coil end to end distance.

21

Books for Study and Reference:

1.

A.L.Lehninger, D.L.Nelson and M.M.Cox, Principles of

Biochemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi. (1993).
2. L.Stryer, Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Co., Newyord (1997).
3. V.S.R. Rao, P.K.Qasba, P.V.Balaji and R.Chandrasekaran,
Conformation of Carbohydrates Harwood Academic Publishers,
(1998).
4. G.Schulz and R.H.Schirmer, Principles of Protein structure, Springer
Verlag, (1984).
5. C.Branden and J.Tooze, Introduction to Protein Structure, Garland
Publishing, (1991).
6. W.Saenger, Principles of Nucleic acid Structure, Springer Verlag,
(1984).
7. J.F.Stoddart, Sterio Chemistry of Carbohydrates, Wiley Interscience
(1971).
8. N.Sharon, Complex Carbohydrates their Chemistry, Biosynthesis
and Functions Addision Wesley London (1975).
9. J.K. Kennedy and C.A.White, Bio active carbohydrates in Chemistry
Biochemistry and Biology Ellis Harwood, New York (1983).
10. W.Hoppe, et al., Biophysics Springer p Verlag (1989).
11. M.M.Woolfson An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography,
Cambridge University Press, U.K., (1980).
12. Thomas E.Creighto, Proteins structure and molecular properties,
W.H.freeman and Company, New York (1993).
EC III - SPECTROSCOPY AND LASER PHYSICS
UNIT I : Microwave spectroscopy.
The rotation of molecules, its spectra, Diatomic molecules rigid diatomic
molecule intensities of spectral lines, effect of isotopic substitute, Nonrigid rotator its spectrum, Polyatomic molecules linear, symmetric top,
asymmetric top molecules. Techniques and instrumentation, chemical
analysis by microwave spectroscopy.
UNIT II : Infrared Spectroscopy.
Vibrating diatomic molecule energy of diatomic molecule, harmonic and
anharmonic oscillator, vibrating rotator co- vibrating rotator spectrum,
interaction of rotations and vibrations vibrations of polyatomic molecules
fundamental vibrations and their symmetry overtones and combination
frequencies. Analysis by IR techniques. Techniques and instrumentation
Outline, single and double beam arrangement.
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UNIT III : Raman spectroscopy.

Theory of Raman effect. Pure rotational Raman spectra linear, symmetric
top, spherical top, asymmetric top molecules. Pure vibrational Raman
spectra Raman activity of vibration rule of mutual exclusion, overtones
and combination vibrational spectra, nature of light polarized, vibration of
spherical top molecules and other type of molecules.
Structural
determinations from Raman and IR spectroscopy, techniques and
instrumentation.
UNIT IV : Electronic spectroscopy.
Born Oppenheimer approximation vibrational coarse structure
(Progression), intensity of vibrational electronic spectra, (Franck condon
principle), dissociation energy and dissociation products. Vibrational fine
structure (Rotation), fortart diagram, predissociation, diatomic molecular
electronic spectra.
UNIT V : Laser Physics.
Population inversion, Laser pumping, resonators vibrational modes of
resonators, number of modes per unit volume open resonators, control
resonators, Q factor, losses in the cavity, threshold condition, quantum yield.
Ruby Laser three level system, pumping power, spiking U3+ in CaF2 laser,
four level laser, Neodysmium Nd: YAAAG.
Taser, Nd glass Taser HO3+ : YLF laser.
Books for Study:
1. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy C.N.Banwell, Tata McGraw
Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., 3rd Edition (1972).
2. Lasers and non linear optics, B.B. Laud Wiley Eastern Ltd., (1985).
CC - IV -- INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS.
UNIT I : Operational Amplifiers.
Operational amplifier architecture the gain stage and the differential stage,
output stages offset voltage and currents measurement of operational
amplifier parameters frequency response and compensation slew rate.
23

Inverting and non-inverting operational amplifier Differential amplifier

inverting and non inverting summing Integrator and differentiator phase
locked loop SCR 555 timer.
UNIT II : Binary Logic.
Introduction to various number systems (only brief summary).
Switching circuits and binary signals Logic gates Boolean functions
complement of a function minterms and maxterms Synthesis of Boolean
function other binary operators Karnaugh map (upto 4 variables)
Simplification of Boolean function product of sums Sum of products
simplification Dont care condition various types of Flip-flops.
UNIT III : Combinational and Sequential Logic.
Half adder, Full adder, subtractor code conversion comparators
Decoders, Encoders Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Universal gates Two
and three level implementation sum of products product of the sum
(Clocked R S Flip Flop D Flip Flop JK Flip-Flop T Flip-Flop.
Triggering of Flip-Flops) Analysis of clocked sequential circuits State
diagram Flip-Flop input functions Shift Registers Counters.
UNIT IV : Semiconductor memories.
Basics Memory addressing ROM, PROM, EPROM, RAM DRAMS
MEMORY cells.
UNIT V : Micro Processor.
Organization of micro-computer Organization of 8085 Microprocessor
working Tristate logic devices Micro processor Programming Machine
Language Assembly Language Addressing modes Instruction set
Programming for
(i)
8 bit addition.
(ii) 8 bit subtraction.
(iii) the greatest number in an array of 8 bit unsigned numbers.
(iv) The smallest number in an array of 8 bit unsigned numbers
Applications Control system, CEG data acquisition
system, D/A conversion, A/D conversion and MODEM.

24

Suggested Books:
Micro Electronics Jacob Millman and Arvin Gabriel (McGraw Hill).
Solid State Electronics I. Agwarwal and Anit Agarwal (Pragati
Prakashan).
Digital Principle and applications Malvino and leach (McGraw Hill).
Digital Electronics Principles and practice Avinashi Kappor and
I.K.Maheswari Macmillan.
Pulse and digital electronics G.K.Mithal and A.K.Vanwasi (Khna
publishers).
Digital integrated electronics Herbert Taub and Donald Schilling
(McGraw Hill).
Microprocessor Architecture Programming and Application with
8085/8080A Gaonkar.
Digital Logic and Computer Design Morris and Mano.

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