ANDHRA PRADESH STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

(A Statutory body of the Government of Andhra Pradesh)

3rd,4th and 5th floors, Neeladri Towers, Sri Ram Nagar,6th Battalion Road,
Atmakur(V), Mangalagiri(M), Guntur-522 503, Andhra Pradesh
Web: www.apsche.org Email: acapsche@gmail.com

REVISED SYLLABUS OF B.Sc. PHYSICS

(FOR MATHEMATICS COMBINATIONS)
UNDER CBCS FRAMEWORK WITH EFFECT FROM 2020-2021

PROGRAMME: FOUR-YEAR UG HONOURS PROGRAMME

Physics for Mathematics Combinations

(With Learning Outcomes, Unit-wise Syllabus, References, Co-curricular Activities &

Model Q.P.)
For Fifteen Courses of 1, 2, 3 & 4 Semesters)
(To be Implemented from 2020-21 Academic Year)
 AP STATE COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION
B.Sc. PHYSICSSYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
[For Mathematics combinations]
w.e.f. 2020-21 (Revised in May 2020)

First Semester
Course I: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations
Practical Course I (Lab-1)

Second Semester
Course II: Wave Optics
Practical Course II (Lab-2)

Third Semester
Course III: Heat and Thermodynamics
Practical Course III (Lab-3)

Fourth Semester
Course IV: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics
Practical Course IV (Lab- 4)

Course V:Modern Physics

Practical Course V (Lab-V)

B.Sc. PHYSICS COURSE STRUCTURE UNDER CBCS

Semeste Cours No.ofHrs No.of

Year Title of the Course Marks
r e /Week Credits
Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations 100 4 03
I I
Practical Course- I 50 2 02
I
Wave Optics 100 4 03
II II
Practical Course – II 50 2 02
Heat and Thermodynamics 100 4 03
III III
Practical Course – III 50 2 02
Electricity, Magnetism and 100 4 03
Electronics
II IV
IV Practical Course – IV 50 2 02
Modern Physics 100 4 03
V
Practical Course –V 50 2 02
Total No. of Courses : 05 (Five)
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
For Mathematics Combinations
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
I Year B.Sc.-Physics: I Semester
Course I: MECHANICS, WAVES AND OSCILLATIONS
Work load:60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Course outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Understand Newton’s laws of motion and motion of variable mass system and its
application to rocket motion and the concepts of impact parameter, scattering cross
section.
 Apply the rotational kinematic relations, the principle and working of gyroscope and it
applications and the precessional motion of a freely rotating symmetric top.
 Comprehend the general characteristics of central forces and the application of
Kepler’s laws to describe the motion of planets and satellite in circular orbit through
the study of law of Gravitation.
 Understand postulates of Special theory of relativity and its consequences such as
length contraction, time dilation, relativistic mass and mass-energy equivalence.
 Examinephenomena of simple harmonic motion and the distinction between
undamped, damped and forced oscillations and the concepts of resonance and quality
factor with reference to damped harmonic oscillator.
 Appreciate the formulation of the problem of coupled oscillations and solve them to
obtain normal modes of oscillation and their frequencies in simple mechanical
systems.
 Figure out the formation of harmonics and overtones in a stretched string and acquire
the knowledge on Ultrasonic waves, their production and detection and their
applications in different fields.
UNIT-I:
1. Mechanics of Particles (5 hrs)
Review of Newton’s Laws of Motion, Motion of variable mass system, Motion of a rocket,
Multistage rocket, Concept of impact parameter, scattering cross-section, Rutherford
scattering-Derivation.

2. Mechanics of Rigid bodies (7 hrs)

Rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, Equation of motion for a rotating body, Angular
momentum and Moment of inertia tensor, Euler equations, Precession of a spinning top,
Gyroscope, Precession of atom and nucleus in magnetic field, Precession of the equinoxes

Unit-II:
3. Motion in a Central Force Field (12hrs)
Central forces, definition and examples, characteristics of central forces, conservative nature
of central forces, Equation of motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws of planetary motion-
Proofs, Motion of satellites, Basic idea of Global Positioning System (GPS), weightlessness,
Physiological effects of astronauts

UNIT-III:
4. Relativistic Mechanics (12hrs)
Introduction to relativity, Frames of reference, Galilean transformations, absolute frames,
Michelson-Morley experiment, negative result, Postulates of Special theory of relativity,
Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length contraction, variation of mass with velocity,
Einstein’s mass-energy relation

Unit-IV:
5. Undamped, Damped and Forced oscillations: (07 hrs)
Simple harmonic oscillator and solution of the differential equation, Damped harmonic
oscillator, Forced harmonic oscillator – Their differential equations and solutions, Resonance,
Logarithmic decrement, Relaxation time and Quality factor.

6. Coupled oscillations: (05 hrs)

Coupled oscillators-Introduction, Two coupled oscillators, Normal coordinates and Normal
modes- N-coupled oscillators and wave equation
Unit-V:
7. Vibrating Strings: (07 hrs)
Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string, General solution of wave equation and
its significance, Modes of vibration of stretched string clamped at ends, Overtones and
Harmonics, Melde’s strings.

8. Ultrasonics: (05 hrs)

Ultrasonics, General Properties of ultrasonic waves, Production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric
and magnetostriction methods, Detection of ultrasonics, Applications of ultrasonic waves,
SONAR

REFERENCE BOOKS:
 B. Sc. Physics, Vol.1, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad
 Fundamentals of Physics Vol. I - Resnick, Halliday, Krane ,Wiley India 2007
 College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.
 University Physics-FW Sears, MW Zemansky& HD Young,Narosa Publications,
Delhi
 Mechanics, S.G.Venkatachalapathy, Margham Publication, 2003.
 Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramanyam and Brijlal, VikasPulications.
 Unified Physics - Waves and Oscillations, Jai PrakashNath&Co.Ltd.
 Waves & Oscillations. S.Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K.R. Reddy, Orient
Longman.
 The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K.Bajaj, Tata McGraw Hill
 Science and Technology of Ultrasonics- Baldevraj, Narosa, New Delhi,2004
 Practical Course 1: Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations
Work load: 30 hrs per semester 2 hrs/week

Course outcomes (Practicals):

On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;
 Perform experiments on Properties of matter such as the determination of moduli of
elasticity viz., Young’s modulus, Rigidity modulus of certain materials; Surface
tension of water , Coefficient of viscosity of a liquid , Moment of inertia of some
regular bodies by different methods and compare the experimental values with the
standard values.
 Know how to determine the acceleration due to gravity at a place using Compound
pendulum and Simple pendulum.
 Notice the difference between flat resonance and sharp resonance in case of volume
resonator and sonometer experiments respectively.
 Verify the laws of transverse vibrations in a stretched string using sonometer and
comment on the relation between frequency, length and tension of a stretched string
under vibration.
 Demonstrate the formation of stationary waves on a string in Melde’s string
experiment.
 Observe the motion of coupled oscillators and normal modes.
Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded:

1. Young’s modulus of the material of a bar (scale) by uniform bending

2. Young’s modulus of the material a bar (scale) by non- uniform bending
3. Surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise method
4. Viscosity of liquid by the flow method (Poiseuille’s method)
5. Bifilar suspension –Moment of inertia of a regular rectangular body.
6. Fly-wheel -Determination of moment of inertia
7. Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-Dynamic method (Torsional pendulum)
8. Volume resonator experiment
9. Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum
10. Simple pendulum- normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the error
of the mean by statistical analysis
11. Determination of the force constant of a spring by static and dynamic method.
 12. Coupled oscillators
13. Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –Sonometer
14. Determination of frequency of a bar –Melde’s experiment.
15. Study of a damped oscillation using the torsional pendulum immersed in liquid-decay
constant and damping correction of the amplitude.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity)
 Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
 Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
 Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations, Science Museum Centres to understand the basic principles
of mechanics with live examples and related industries
 Visit to Satellite launching station at Sri Harikota.

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests)
 Problem-solving exercises
 Practical assignments and Observation of practical skills
 Individual and group project reports
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations
 Viva voce interviews.
***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
For Mathematics Combinations
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
I Year B.Sc.-Physics: II Semester
Course-II: WAVE OPTICS

Work load:60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

 Understand the phenomenon of interference of light and its formation in (i) Lloyd’s
single mirror due to division of wave front and (ii) Thin films, Newton’s rings and
Michelson interferometer due to division of amplitude.
 Distinguish between Fresnel’s diffraction and Fraunhoffer diffraction and observe the
diffraction patterns in the case of single slit and the diffraction grating.
 Describe the construction and working of zone plate and make the comparison of zone
plate with convex lens.
 Explain the various methods of production of plane, circularly and polarized light and
their detection and the concept of optical activity..
 Comprehend the basic principle of laser, the working of He-Ne laser and Ruby lasers
and their applications in different fields.
 Explain about the different aberrations in lenses and discuss the methods of
minimizing them.
 Understand the basic principles of fibreoptic communication and explore the field of
Holography and Nonlinear optics and their applications.

UNIT-I Interference of light: (12hrs)Introduction, Conditions for interference of light,

Interference of light by division of wave front and amplitude, Phase change on reflection-
Stokes’ treatment, Lloyd’s single mirror, Interference in thin films: Plane parallel and wedge-
shaped films, colours in thin films, Newton’s rings in reflected light-Theory and experiment,
Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light, Michelson interferometer and
determination of wavelength.

UNIT-II Diffraction of light:(12hrs)

Introduction, Types of diffraction: Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffractions, Distinction between
Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer diffraction at a single slit, Plane diffraction
grating, Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating, Resolving power of
grating, Fresnel’s half period zones, Explanation of rectilinear propagation of light, Zone
plate, comparison of zone plate with convex lens.

UNIT-III Polarisation of light:(12hrs)

Polarized light: Methods of production of plane polarized light, Double refraction, Brewster’s
law, Malus law, Nicol prism, Nicol prism as polarizer and analyzer, Quarter wave plate, Half
wave plate, Plane, Circularly and Elliptically polarized light-Production and detection, Optical
activity, Laurent’s half shade polarimeter: determination of specific rotation, Basic principle
of LCDs

UNIT-IV Aberrations and Fibre Optics: (12hrs)

Monochromatic aberrations, Spherical aberration, Methods of minimizing spherical aberration,
Coma, Astigmatism and Curvature of field, Distortion; Chromatic aberration-the achromatic
doublet; Achromatism for two lenses (i) in contact and (ii) separated by a distance.
Fibre optics: Introduction to Fibers, different types of fibers, rays and modes in an optical
fiber, Principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), Advantages of fiber
optic communication.

UNIT-V Lasers and Holography:(12hrs)

Lasers: Introduction, Spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, Population Inversion, Laser
principle, Einstein coefficients, Types of lasers-He-Ne laser, Ruby laser, Applications of
lasers; Holography: Basic principle of holography, Applications of holography

REFERENCE BOOKS:
• BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
• A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand& Co.
• Optics-Murugeshan, S.Chand& Co.
• Unified Physics Vol.IIOptics, Jai PrakashNath&Co.Ltd., Meerut
• Optics,F.A. Jenkins and H.G.White, McGraw-Hill
• Optics, AjoyGhatak,TataMcGraw-Hill.
• Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanulu, S.Chand& Co.
• Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995
 Practical Course II: Wave Optics
Work load: 30hrs 2 hrs/week
Course outcomes (Practicals):
On successful completion of this practical course the student will be able to,
1. Gain hands-on experience of using various optical instruments like spectrometer,
polarimeter and making finer measurements of wavelength of light using Newton
Rings experiment, diffraction grating etc.
2. Understand the principle of working of polarimeter and the measurement of specific
rotatory power of sugar solution
3. Know the techniques involved in measuring the resolving power of telescope and
dispersive power of the material of the prism.
4. Be familiar with the determination of refractive index of liquid by Boy’s method
andthe determination of thickness of a thin wire by wedge method.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded

1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.
2. Resolving power of grating.
3. Study of optical rotation –polarimeter.
4. Dispersive power of a prism.
5. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating-minimum deviation
method.
6. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating-normal incidence
method.
7. Resolving power of a telescope.
8. Refractive index of a liquid-hallow prism
9. Determination of thickness of a thin wire by wedge method
10. Determination of refractive index of liquid-Boy’s method.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
  Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity)
 Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
 Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations/laboratories and related industries

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
 Practical assignments and laboratory reports,
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
 Viva voce interviews.
***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
For Mathematics Combinations
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
II Year B.Sc.-Physics: III Semester
Course-III: HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

Work load: 60hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

 Understand the basic aspects of kinetic theory of gases, Maxwell-Boltzman
distribution law, equipartition of energies, mean free path of molecular collisions and
the transport phenomenon in ideal gases
 Gain knowledge on the basic concepts of thermodynamics, the first and the second law
of thermodynamics, the basic principles of refrigeration, the concept of entropy ,the
thermodynamic potentials and their physical interpretations.
 Understand the working of Carnot’s ideal heat engine, Carnot cycle and its efficiency
 Develop critical understanding of concept of Thermodynamic potentials,
theformulation of Maxwell’s equations and its applications.
 Differentiate between principles and methods to produce low temperature and liquefy
air and also understand the practical applications of substances at low temperatures.
 Examine the nature of black body radiations and the basic theories.

UNIT-I: Kinetic Theory of gases: (12 hrs)

Kinetic Theory of gases-Introduction, Maxwell's law of distribution of molecular velocities
(qualitative treatment only) and its experimental verification, Mean free path, Degrees of
freedom, Principle of equipartition of energy (Qualitative ideas only), Transport phenomenon
in ideal gases: viscosity, Thermal conductivity and diffusion of gases.

UNIT-II: Thermodynamics: (12hrs)

Introduction- Isothermal and Adiabatic processes, Reversible and irreversible processes,
Carnot’s engine and its efficiency, Carnot’s theorem, Thermodynamic scale of temperature
and its identity with perfect gas scale, Second law of thermodynamics: Kelvin’s and Clausius
statements, Principle of refrigeration, Entropy, Physical significance, Change in entropy in
reversible and irreversible processes; Entropy and disorder-Entropy of Universe;
Temperature-Entropy (T-S) diagram and its uses ; change of entropy when ice changes into
steam.

UNIT-III: Thermodynamic Potentials and Maxwell’s equations: (12hrs)

Thermodynamic potentials-Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz Free Energy, Gibb’s Free
Energy and their significance, Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations from
thermodynamic potentials, Applications to (i) Clausius-Clayperon’s equation (ii) Value of CP-
CV (iii) Value of CP/CV (iv) Joule-Kelvin coefficient for ideal and Van der Waals’ gases

UNIT-IV: Low temperature Physics: (12hrs)

Methods for producing very low temperatures, Joule Kelvin effect, Porous plug experiment ,
Joule expansion, Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion, Expression for
Joule Thomson cooling, Liquefaction of air by Linde’s method, Production of low
temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization (qualitative), Practical applications of substances
at low temperatures.

UNIT-V: Quantum theory of radiation: (12 hrs)

Blackbody and its spectral energy distribution of black body radiation, Kirchoff’s law, Wein’s
displacement law, Stefan-Boltzmann’s law and Rayleigh-Jean’s law (No derivations),
Planck’s law of black body radiation-Derivation, Deduction of Wein’s law and Rayleigh-
Jean’s law from Planck’s law, Solar constant and its determination using Angstrom
pyroheliometer, Estimation of surface temperature of Sun.
REFERENCE BOOKS:

 BSc Physics, Vol.2, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad

 Thermodynamics, R.C.Srivastava, S.K.Saha&AbhayK.Jain, Eastern Economy Edition.
 Unified Physics Vol.2, Optics & Thermodynamics, Jai PrakashNath&Co.Ltd., Meerut
 Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007
 Heat and Thermodynamics -N BrijLal, P Subrahmanyam, S.Chand& Co.,2012
 Heat and Thermodynamics- MS Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2000
 University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky,FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New
Delhi
 Practical Course-III: Heat and Thermodynamics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week
On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;

 Perform some basic experiments in thermal Physics, viz., determinations of Stefan’s

constant, coefficient of thermal conductivity, variation of thermo-emf of
athermocouple with temperature difference at its two junctions, calibration of a
thermocouple and Specific heat of a liquid.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded

1. Specific heat of a liquid –Joule’s calorimeter –Barton’s radiation correction
2. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor-Lee’s method
3. Thermal conductivity of rubber.
4. Measurement of Stefan’s constant.
5. Specific heat of a liquid by applying Newton’s law of cooling correction.
6. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.
7. Thermoemf- thermo couple - Potentiometer
8. Thermal behavior of an electric bulb (filament/torch light bulb)
9. Measurement of Stefan’s constant- emissive method
10. Study of variation of resistance with temperature - Thermistor.

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE

 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity))
 Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
 Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
  Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations/laboratories and related industries
 Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
 Problem-solving exercises,
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
 Viva voce interviews.

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
For Mathematics Combinations
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
II Year B.Sc.-Physics: IV Semester
Course-IV: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND ELECTRONICS

Work load:60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Understand the Gauss law and its application to obtain electric field in different cases
and formulate the relationship between electric displacement vector, electric
polarization, Susceptibility, Permittivity and Dielectric constant.
 Distinguish between the magnetic effect of electric current and electromagnetic
induction and apply the related laws in appropriate circumstances.
 Understand Biot and Savart’s law and Ampere’s circuital law to describe and explain
the generation of magnetic fields by electrical currents.
 Develop an understanding on the unification of electric and magnetic fields and
Maxwell’s equations governing electromagnetic waves.
 Phenomenon of resonance in LCR AC-circuits, sharpness of resonance, Q- factor,
Power factor and the comparative study of series and parallel resonant circuits.
 Describe the operation of p-n junction diodes, zener diodes, light emitting diodes and
transistors
 Understand the operation of basic logic gates and universal gates and their truth
tables.
UNIT-I
1. Electrostatics: (6hrs)
Gauss’s law-Statement and its proof, Electric field intensity due to (i) uniformly charged solid
sphere and (ii) an infinite conducting sheet of charge, Deduction of Coulomb’s law from
Gauss law, Electrical potential–Equipotential surfaces, Potential due to a (i) dipole
(ii)uniformly charged sphere
2.Dielectrics: (6 hrs)
Dielectrics-Polar and Non-polar dielectrics- Effect of electric field on dielectrics,Dielectric
strength, Capacitance of a parallel plate condenser with dielectric slab between the plates,
Electric displacement D, electric polarization P,Relation between D, E and P, Dielectric
constant and electric susceptibility.

UNIT-II
3.Magnetostatics: (6 hrs)
Biot-Savart’s law and its applications: (i) circular loop and (ii) solenoid, Divergence and curl
of magnetic field, Ampere’s Circuital Law and its application to Solenoid, Hall effect,
determination of Hall coefficient and applications.
4.Electromagnetic Induction: (6 hrs)
Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law, Self induction and Mutual
induction, Self inductance of a long solenoid, Mutual inductance of two coils, Energy stored in
magnetic field, Eddy currents and Electromagnetic damping

UNIT-III
5.Alternating currents: (6 hrs)
Alternating current - Relation between current and voltage in LR and CR circuits, Phasor and
Vector diagrams, LCR series and parallel resonant circuit, Q –factor, Power in ac circuits,
Power factor.
6.Electromagnetic waves-Maxwell’s equations: (6hrs)
Idea of displacement current, Maxwell’s equations-Derivation, Maxwell’s wave equation
(with derivation), Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves, Poynting theorem
(Statement andproof)
UNIT-IV
7. Basic Electronic devices: (12 hrs)
PN junction diode, Zenerdiode andLight Emitting Diode (LED) and their I-V characteristics,
Zener diode as a regulator- Transistors and its operation, CB, CE and CC configurations,
Input and output characteristicsofa transistor in CE mode, Relation between alpha, beta and
gamma; Hybrid parameters, Determination of hybrid parameters from transistor
characteristics; Transistor as an amplifier.

UNIT-V:
8. Digital Electronics: (12 hrs)
Number systems, Conversion of binary to decimal system and vice versa, Binary addition &
Binary subtraction (1’s and 2’s complement methods), Laws of Boolean algebra, DeMorgan’s
laws-Statements and Proofs, Basic logic gates, NAND and NOR as universal gates,
Exclusive-OR gate, Half adder and Full adder circuits.
REFERENCE BOOKS
 BSc Physics, Vol.3, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad.
 Electricity and Magnetism, D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.
 Electricity and Magnetism, B.D.Duggal and C.L.Chhabra. Shobanlal& Co.
 Electricity, Magnetism with Electronics, K.K.Tewari, R.Chand& Co.,
 Electricity and Magnetism, R.Murugeshan, S. Chand & Co.
 Principles of Electronics, V.K. Mehta, S.Chand& Co.,
 Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino and D.P.Leach, McGrawHill
Edition.
 Practical Course IV: Electricity, Magnetism and Electronics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

Course outcomes (Practicals):

On successful completion of this practical course the student will be able to;

 Measure the current sensitivity and figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer.
 Observe the resonance condition in LCR series and parallel circuit
 Learn how a sonometer can be used to determine the frequency of AC-supply.
 Observe the variation of magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying
current using Stewart and Gee’s apparatus.
 Understand the operation of PN junction diode, Zener diode and a transistor and their
V-I characteristics.
 Construct the basic logic gates, half adder and full adder and verify their truth tables.
Further, the student will understand how NAND and NOR gates can be used as
universal building blocks.
Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded

1. Figure of merit of a moving coil galvanometer.

2. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.
3. Determination of ac-frequency –Sonometer.
4. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws and Maximum Power Transfer theorem.
5. Field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current-Stewart & Gee’s apparatus.
6. PN Junction Diode Characteristics
7. Zener Diode –V-I Characteristics
8. Zener Diode as a voltage regulator
9. Transistor CE Characteristics- Determination of hybrid parameters
10. Logic Gates- OR,AND,NOT and NAND gates. Verification of Truth Tables.
11. Verification of De Morgan’s Theorems.
12. Construction of Half adder and Full adders-Verification of truth tables
RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity))
 Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams)
 Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
 Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations/laboratories and related industries
 Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
 Practical assignments and laboratory reports,
 Observation of practical skills,
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
 Viva voce interviews.

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS SYLLABUS UNDER CBCS
For Mathematics Combinations
[2020-21 Batch onwards]
II Year B.Sc.-Physics: IV Semester
Course V: MODERN PHYSICS

Work load:60hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Course outcomes:

On successful completion of this course, the students will be able to:

 Develop an understanding on the concepts of Atomic and Modern Physics, basic

elementary quantum mechanics and nuclear physics.
 Develop critical understanding of concept of Matter waves and Uncertainty principle.
 Get familiarized with the principles of quantum mechanics and the formulation of
Schrodinger wave equation and its applications.
 Examine the basic properties of nuclei, characteristics of Nuclear forces, salient
features of Nuclear models and different nuclear radiation detectors.
 Classify Elementary particles based on their mass, charge, spin, half life and
interaction.
 Get familiarized with the nano materials, their unique properties and applications.
 Increase the awareness and appreciation of superconductors and their practical
applications.

UNIT-I :
1. Atomic and Molecular Physics:(12 hrs)
Vector atom model and Stern-Gerlach experiment, Quantum numbers associated with it,
Angular momentum of the atom, Coupling schemes, Spectral terms and spectral notations,
Selection rules, Intensity rules, Fine structure of Sodium D-lines, Zeeman effect,
Experimental arrangement to study Zeeman effect; Raman effect, Characteristics of
Raman effect,
Experimental arrangement to study Raman effect, Quantum theory of Raman effect,
Applications of Raman effect.

UNIT-II:
2. Matter waves & Uncertainty Principle: (12 hrs)
Matter waves, de Broglie’s hypothesis, Wave length of matter waves, Properties of matter
waves, Davisson and Germer’s experiment, Phase and group velocities, Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle for position and momentum& energy and time, Illustration of
uncertainty principle using diffraction of beam of electrons (Diffraction by a single slit)and
photons(Gamma ray microscope),Bohr’s principle of complementarily.

UNIT-III:
3. Quantum (Wave) Mechanics:(12 hrs)
Basic postulates of quantum mechanics, Schrodinger time independent and time dependent
wave equations-Derivations, Physical interpretation of wave function, Eigen functions, Eigen
values, Application of Schrodinger wave equation to (i) one dimensional potential box of
infinite height(Infinite Potential Well) and (ii) one dimensional harmonic oscillator

UNIT-IV:
4. Nuclear Physics:(12 hrs)
Nuclear Structure: General Properties of Nuclei, Mass defect, Binding energy; Nuclear
forces: Characteristics of nuclear forces- Yukawa’s meson theory; Nuclear Models: Liquid
drop model, The Shell model, Magic numbers; Nuclear Radiation detectors: G.M. Counter,
Cloud chamber, Solid State detector; Elementary Particles: Elementary Particles and their
classification

UNIT-V:
5. Nano materials:(7hrs)
Nano materials – Introduction, Electron confinement, Size effect, Surface to volume ratio,
Classification of nano materials– (0D, 1D, 2D); Quantum dots, Nano wires, Fullerene, CNT,
Graphene (Mention of structures and properties),Distinct properties of nano materials
(Mention-mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties); Mention of applications
of
nano materials: (Fuel cells,Phosphors for HD TV, Next Generation Computer chips,
elimination of pollutants, sensors)
6. Superconductivity: (5 hrs)
Introduction to Superconductivity, Experimental results-critical temperature, critical magnetic
field, Meissner effect , Isotope effect, Type I and Type II superconductors, BCS theory
(elementary ideas only),Applications of superconductors
REFERENCE BOOKS
 BSc Physics, Vol.4, Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad
 Atomic Physics by J.B. Rajam; S.Chand& Co.,
 Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.
 Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.
 Nuclear Physics, D.C.Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.
 S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles & Practices (Capital Publ.Co.)
 K.K.Chattopadhyay&A.N.Banerjee, Introd.to Nanoscience and Technology(PHI
LearningPriv.Limited).
 Nano materials, A K Bandopadhyay. New Age International Pvt Ltd (2007)
 Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BS Murthy, P Shankar, Baldev
Raj,BB Rath
and J Murday-Universities Press-IIM
 Practical Course V:Modern Physics
Work load: 30 hrs 2 hrs/week

On successful completion of this practical course, the student will be able to;

 Measure charge of an electron ande/m value of an electron by Thomson method.

 Understand how the Planck’s constant can be determined using Photocell and LEDs.
 Study the absorption of α-rays and β-rays, Range of β-particles and the characteristics
of GM counter
 Determine the Energy gap of a semiconductor using thermistor and junction diode.

Minimum of 6 experiments to be done and recorded

1. e/m of an electron by Thomson method.
2. Determination of Planck’s Constant (photocell).
3. Verification of inverse square law of light using photovoltaic cell.
4. Determination of the Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
5. Determination of work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum
diode.
6. Study of absorption of α-rays.
7. Study of absorption of β-rays.
8. Determination of Range of β-particles.
9. Determination of M & H.
10. Analysis of powder X-ray diffraction pattern to determine properties of crystals.
11. Energy gap of a semiconductor using junction diode.
12. Energy gap of a semiconductor using thermistor
13. GM counter characteristics

RECOMMENDED CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES:

MEASURABLE
 Assignments (in writing and doing forms on the aspects of syllabus content and
outside the syllabus content. Shall be individual and challenging)
 Student seminars (on topics of the syllabus and related aspects (individual activity)
  Quiz (on topics where the content can be compiled by smaller aspects and data
(Individuals or groups as teams))
 Field studies (individual observations and recordings as per syllabus content and
related areas (Individual or team activity)
 Study projects (by very small groups of students on selected local real-time problems
pertaining to syllabus or related areas. The individual participation and contribution of
students shall be ensured (team activity)
GENERAL
 Group Discussion
 Visit to Research Stations/laboratories and related industries
 Others

RECOMMENDED ASSESSMENT METHODS

Some of the following suggested assessment methodologies could be adopted;
 The oral and written examinations (Scheduled and surprise tests),
 Practical assignments and laboratory reports,
 Efficient delivery using seminar presentations,
 Viva voce interviews.

***
Note:

1. The duration of the examination for each theory course is 3.00 hrs.
The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 50 marks

2. Each course in theory is of 100 marks and practical course is of 50 marks.

 Semester End University Examination in Theory Course: 75 marks [ External
evaluation]
 Mid-Semester Examination in Theory Course at the college level: 25 marks [
Internal evaluation]

3. The University (external) examination for Theory and Practical shall be conducted at
the end of each Semester.

4. In each semester the evaluation in Practical courses shall be done by an external

examiner appointed by the University.
There shall not be Internal valuation in any semester end practical examinations.

5. The candidate shall prepare and submit at the time of practical examination a certified
Record based on the practical course with a minimum of 6 experiments from each
semester.

6. Numerical Problems must be solved at the end of every chapter of all Units.

7. Numerical problems, each having a weightage of 4 marks, should be asked in the

Semester end University examinations.

8. The minimum passing marks in each theory course is 40 (External:30 and Internal:10)
The minimum passing marks in each Practical/Lab course is 20.

9. The teaching work load per week for semesters I to IV is 4 hours for theory course
and 2 hours for all laboratory (practical) courses.
10. Visits to industry, national research laboratories, and scientific exhibitions should be
encouraged.

11. The syllabus for Practical courses is same for both Mathematics and Non-
Mathematics combinations.

12. The marks distribution for the Semester End practical examination is as follows:

(i) Formula/ Principle / Statement with explanation of symbols and 05

(ii) Diagram/Circuit Diagram / Tabular Columns … … … … … 10
(iii) Setting up of the experiment and taking readings/Observations 10
(iv) Calculations (explicitly shown) + Graph + Result with Units… 10
(v) Viva-voce … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 05
(vi) Class Records ( to be valued at the time of practical 10
Total Marks : 50

***
 B.Sc. PHYSICS
[For Mathematics combinations]
w.e.f. 2020-21 (Revised in May 2020)
MODEL QUESTION PAPER COMMON FOR ALL FIVE THEORY COURSES

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 75

SECTION-A
(Essay Type Questions) Marks : 5x10M = 50M
Answer All questions with internal choice from each Unit

1. Essay type question from Unit-I

Or
Essay type question from Unit-I

2. Essay type question from Unit-II

Or
Essay type question from Unit-II

3. Essay type question from Unit-III

Or
Essay type question from Unit-III

4. Essay type question from Unit-IV

Or
Essay type question from Unit-IV

5. Essay type question from Unit-V

Or
Essay type question from Unit-V
 SECTION-B
(Short Answer Type Questions) Marks : 5x5M = 25M
Answer any five out of the following ten questions

6. Short answer type question from Unit-I

7. Short answer type question from Unit-I
8. Short answer type question from Unit-II
9. Short answer type question from Unit-II
10. Short answer type question from Unit-III
11. Short answer type question from Unit-III
12. Short answer type question from Unit-IV
13. Short answer type question from Unit-IV
14. Short answer type question from Unit-V
15. Short answer type question from Unit-V
[Note: Question Paper setters are instructed to add Numerical Problems (each of 4 marks)
with a maximum weightage of 16 marks either in Section-A or Section-B covering all the five
units in the syllabus ]
***
 SUBJECT EXPERTS
Prof.K.T.Rama Krishna Reddy
Dept of Physics,
S V University,
Tirupati

Dr.M.Ravi Kumar,
Lecturer in Physics,
Govt. Degree College,
Ananthapuram

SYLLABUS VETTED BY
Prof.R.Rama Krishna Reddy
Dept of Physics,
S K University,
Anantapur