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Tema 4 Congestion Control (16.17)

The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. It begins by describing different types of data traffic and traffic profiles. It then discusses how congestion can occur in a network when load exceeds capacity. The main techniques for congestion control are presented as open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal. TCP congestion control is provided as a detailed example, outlining its window-based approach using slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion detection response. Frame Relay congestion control is also briefly mentioned as a second example.

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Rafa Socaciu
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70 views21 pages

Tema 4 Congestion Control (16.17)

The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. It begins by describing different types of data traffic and traffic profiles. It then discusses how congestion can occur in a network when load exceeds capacity. The main techniques for congestion control are presented as open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal. TCP congestion control is provided as a detailed example, outlining its window-based approach using slow start, congestion avoidance, and congestion detection response. Frame Relay congestion control is also briefly mentioned as a second example.

Uploaded by

Rafa Socaciu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Version 27/02/17

Computer Networks II

application

transport

network
Congestion Control
link

physical

Sebastian.Reyes@uclm.es
Data Traffic

The main focus of congestion control and quality of service is


data traffic. In congestion control we try to avoid traffic
congestion. In quality of service, we try to create an appropriate
environment for the traffic. So, before talking about congestion
control and quality of service, we discuss the data traffic itself.

Topics discussed in this section:


Traffic Descriptor
Traffic Profiles

Computer Networks II 2
Traffic descriptors

Computer Networks II 3
Three traffic profiles

Computer Networks II 4
Congestion

Congestion in a network may occur if the load on the network


the number of packets sent to the networkis greater than the
capacity of the networkthe number of packets a network can
handle. Congestion control refers to the mechanisms and
techniques to control the congestion and keep the load below
the capacity.

Topics discussed in this section:


Network Performance

Computer Networks II 5
Queues in a router

Computer Networks II 6
Packet delay and throughput
as functions of load

Computer Networks II 7
CONGESTION CONTROL

Congestion control refers to techniques and mechanisms that


can either prevent congestion, before it happens, or remove
congestion, after it has happened. In general, we can divide
congestion control mechanisms into two broad categories: open-
loop congestion control (prevention) and closed-loop congestion
control (removal).

Topics discussed in this section:


Open-Loop Congestion Control
Closed-Loop Congestion Control

Computer Networks II 8
Congestion control categories

Computer Networks II 9
Backpressure method for alleviating congestion

Computer Networks II 10
Choke packet

Computer Networks II 11
TWO EXAMPLES

To better understand the concept of congestion control, let us


give two examples: one in TCP and the other in Frame Relay.

Topics discussed in this section:


Congestion Control in TCP
Congestion Control in Frame Relay

Computer Networks II 12
TCP
Window Size

Computer Networks II 13
TCP
Slow start, exponential increase

Computer Networks II 14
TCP
Slow Start Algorithm

In the slow-start algorithm, the size of the


congestion window increases exponentially
until it reaches a threshold.

Computer Networks II 15
TCP
Congestion avoidance, additive increase

Computer Networks II 16
TCP
Congestion Avoidance Algorithm

In the congestion avoidance algorithm, the size


of the congestion window increases additively
until
congestion is detected.

24.17 Computer Networks II 17


TCP
Congestion detection

An implementation reacts to congestion


detection in one of the following ways:
If detection is by time-out, a new slow
start phase starts.
If detection is by three ACKs, a new
congestion avoidance phase starts.

Computer Networks II 18
TCP
TCP congestion policy summary

Computer Networks II 19
TCP
Congestion example

Computer Networks II 20
References
We recommend to students read the next materials
(at least) to improve knowledge and understanding
for this topic concepts:
Forouzan. Transmisin de datos y redes de
comunicaciones. Mc-Graw Hill, Cuarta edicin, 2007.
Chapter 24.

Computer Networks II 24

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