Name of School : DAPA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Address : DAPA, SURIGAO DEL NORTE

Teacher : JOANNE C. PELIAS
Subject : MATHEMATICS 8
Section : 8 BROWN (MONDAY FRIDAY)
Time Schedule : 7:35 AM 8:25 AM
Date : November 14-18, 2017
Time Frame : 5 days

I. Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
Identify the factors of a binomial;
Factor a perfect square trinomial;
Perform factorization of polynomials by different methods;

I. Subject Matter:
Lesson: Factoring Polynomials
References: Grade 8 LM, TG, Math 8 Book
Materials: Visual aids

II. Lesson Development:

Learning Activities
Motivation

A. ACTIVITY
The students will perform
Day 1 - Activity 1,
Day 2- Exercises
Day 3 Activity 2,
Day 4- Discussion and Video Presentation
Day 5 Application and Evaluation
B. ANALYSIS

Q1. What is factoring?

Answer: Factoring is writing a polynomial as a product of a polynomial.

Q2. How to factor a trinomial?

Answer: to factor trinomial we can use factoring by grouping, by finding the GCF,
and by using the quadratic formula.

Q3. How to check if the factors of a polynomial is correct?

Answer: We can check if the factors are correct if we get the product of these two
factors is the same as the polynomial being factored.

C. ABSTRACTION

Factoring

When a polynomial is written as a product of polynomials, each of the

polynomials in the product is a factor of the original polynomial.

Factoring writing a polynomial as a product of polynomials

 I. Factoring Polynomials by GCF

The first step in factoring a polynomial is to find the GCF of all its terms.
Then we write the polynomial as a product by factoring out the GCF
from all the terms.
The remaining factors in each term will form a polynomial.

Example:
Factor out the GCF in each of the following polynomials.

1. 6x3 9x2 + 12x =3 x 2 x2 3 x 3 x + 3 x 4

=3x(2x2 3x + 4)

2. 14x3y + 7x2y 7xy =7 x y 2 x2 + 7 x y x 7 x y 1

=7xy(2x2 + x 1)a3b2, a2b5 and a4b7

3. 6(x + 2) y(x + 2) = 6 (x + 2) y (x + 2)
= (x + 2)(6 y)

4. xy(y + 1) (y + 1) = xy (y + 1) 1 (y + 1)
= (y + 1)(xy 1)

5. 90 + 15y2 18x 3xy2 = 3(30 + 5y2 6x xy2)

= 3(5 6 + 5 y2 6 x x y2)
= 3(5(6 + y2) x (6 + y2))
= 3(6 + y2)(5 x)

II. Factoring Trinomials of the Form x2 + bx + c

Recall by using the FOIL method that

F O I L
2
(x + 2)(x + 4) = x + 4x + 2x + 8
= x2 + 6x + 8
To factor x2 + bx + c into (x + one #)(x + another #), note that b is the sum
of the two numbers and c is the product of the two numbers.
So well be looking for 2 numbers whose product is c and whose sum is b.
Note: there are fewer choices for the product, so thats why we start there first.

EXAMPLE:

1. Factor the polynomial x2 + 13x + 30.

Since our two numbers must have a product of 30 and a sum of 13, the two
numbers must both be positive.
Positive factors of 30 Sum of Factors
1, 30 31
2, 15 17
3,10 13
Note, there are other factors, but once we find a pair that works, we do not
have to continue searching.
So x2 + 13x + 30 = (x + 3)(x + 10).

2. Factor the polynomial x2 11x + 24.

 Since our two numbers must have a product of 24 and a sum of -11, the two
numbers must both be negative.

Negative factors of 24 Sum of Factors

1, 24 25
2, 12 14
- 3, - 8 -11

So x2 11x + 24 = (x 3)(x 8).

3. Factor the polynomial x2 6x + 10.

Since our two numbers must have a product of 10 and a sum of 6, the two
numbers will have to both be negative.
Negative factors of 10 Sum of Factors
1, 10 11
2, 5 7
Since there is not a factor pair whose sum is 6,
x2 6x +10 is not factorable and we call it a prime polynomial.

III. Factoring by Grouping

Factoring polynomials often involves additional techniques after
initially factoring out the GCF.
One technique is factoring by grouping.

EXAMPLES:
1. Factor xy + y + 2x + 2 by grouping.
Notice that, although 1 is the GCF for all four terms of the
polynomial, the first 2 terms have a GCF of y and the last 2 terms
have a GCF of 2.

xy + y + 2x + 2 = x y + 1 y + 2 x + 2 1 =
y(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) = (x + 1)(y + 2)

Factoring a Four-Term Polynomial by Grouping

1) Arrange the terms so that the first two terms have a common factor and the
last two terms have a common factor.
2) For each pair of terms, use the distributive property to factor out the pairs
greatest common factor.
3) If there is now a common binomial factor, factor it out.
4) If there is no common binomial factor in step 3, begin again, rearranging the
terms differently.
If no rearrangement leads to a common binomial factor, the
polynomial cannot be factored.
 2. x3 + 4x + x2 + 4 = x x2 + x 4 + 1 x2 + 1 4
= x(x2 + 4) + 1(x2 + 4)

= (x2 + 4)(x + 1)

3. 2x3 x2 10x + 5 = x2 2x x2 1 5 2x 5 ( 1)
= x2(2x 1) 5(2x 1)
= (2x 1)(x2 5)

4. 2x 9y + 18 xy
Neither pair has a common factor (other than 1).
So, rearrange the order of the factors.

2x + 18 9y xy = 2 x + 2 9 9 y x y
= 2(x + 9) y(9 + x)
= 2(x + 9) y(x + 9)

= (x + 9)(2 y)
Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials and the Difference of Two Squares

Recall that in our very first example in we attempted to factor the polynomial
25x2+ 20x + 4.
The result was (5x + 2)2, an example of a binomial squared.
Any trinomial that factors into a single binomial squared is called a perfect
square trinomial.

In the last lesson we learned a shortcut for squaring a binomial

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2

So if the first and last terms of our polynomial to be factored are can be written as
expressions squared, and the middle term of our polynomial is twice the product of
those two expressions, then we can use these two previous equations to easily factor
the polynomial.

a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2
a2 2ab + b2 = (a b)2

EXAMPLE:
1. Factor the polynomial 16x2 8xy + y2.
Since the first term, 16x2, can be written as (4x)2, and the last term, y2 is
obviously a square, we check the middle term.
8xy = 2(4x)(y) (twice the product of the expressions that are squared to get
the first and last terms of the polynomial)
Therefore 16x2 8xy + y2 = (4x y)2.

Note: You can use FOIL method to verify that the factorization for the polynomial is
accurate.

Difference of Two Squares

Another shortcut for factoring a trinomial is when we want to factor the difference
of two squares.
 a2 b2 = (a + b)(a b)
A binomial is the difference of two square if
1. both terms are squares and
2. the signs of the terms are different.

9x2 25y2

c4 + d4

EXAMPLE: Factor x2 9

The first term is a square and the last term, 9, can be written as 3 2. The signs of
each term are different, so we have the difference of two squares

Therefore x2 9 = (x 3)(x + 3).

Note: You can use FOIL method to verify that the factorization for the polynomial is
accurate.

Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

Quadratic Equations
Can be written in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
a, b and c are real numbers and a 0.
This is referred to as standard form.
Zero Factor Theorem
If a and b are real numbers and ab = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0.
This theorem is very useful in solving quadratic equations.

Steps for Solving a Quadratic Equation by Factoring

1) Write the equation in standard form.
2) Factor the quadratic completely.
3) Set each factor containing a variable equal to 0.
4) Solve the resulting equations.
Check each solution in the original equation.

EXAMPLE:
1. Solve x2 5x = 24.
First write the quadratic equation in standard form.
x 5x 24 = 0
2

Now we factor the quadratic using techniques from the previous sections.
x 5x 24 = (x 8)(x + 3) = 0
2

We set each factor equal to 0.

x 8 = 0 or x + 3 = 0, which will simplify to
x = 8 or x = 3

Check both possible answers in the original equation.

82 5(8) = 64 40 = 24 true
(3) 5(3) = 9 (15) = 24
2 true
So our solutions for x are 8 or 3.
 2. Solve 4x(8x + 9) = 5
First write the quadratic equation in standard form.
2
32x + 36x = 5
32x2 + 36x 5 = 0
Now we factor the quadratic using techniques from the previous sections.
32x2 + 36x 5 = (8x 1)(4x + 5) = 0
We set each factor equal to 0.
8x 1 = 0 or 4x + 5 = 0
5
.
8x = 1 or 4x = 5, which simplifies to x = or 4

D. APPLICATION

Factor the polynomials using the method of factoring by grouping. Answer

questions either on this page or on another sheet of paper.

1. 8r3 64r2 + r 8
2. 4ax2 + 6x4 + 2a + 3x
3. 8xy + 4by 6ax 3ab
4. 4v3 16v2 + 21v -56
5. 9xy + 9x + 16y + 8

E. EVALUATION

Summative test

F. ASSIGNMENT

Factor out the following polynomials.

1. -336x3 + 288x 2. 3x2 - 3x

3. -3x3 - 33x 4. -15x2 + 18x
5. 4x3 - 28x 6. 160x3 + 100x2 - 180x
7. 19x3 - 19x 8. -6x3 + 8x
9. 36x3 - 24x2 + 8x 10. -14x2 + 16x
11. -16x4 - 32x3 - 80x2 12. 14x5 - 24x4
13. x3 + 3x 14. -43x2 + 387x
15. -6x5 + 3x3 16. 96x3 - 48x2 + 60x
17. 33x2 + 363x 18. 37x4 - 259x3 - 222x2
19. -396x3 - 108x2 + 108x 20. 2x6 - 4x5 + 20x4
21. -10x6 + 12x5 - 4x4 22. 24x3 + 168x
23. 39x5 - 195x4 24. -5x3 - 7x
25. 4x2 + 9x 26. -33x2 - 330x

27. -36x3 + 44x2 + 20x 28. -3x6 + 15x4

29. 33x6 - 99x5 - 165x4 30. 3x3 + 10x2 - x

Remarks: not carried.

Prepared by:

JOANNE C. PELIAS
Subject Teacher
Checked by:

MARIETTA C. ASIGNAR, HT - III

Department Head