Exercise 3: Complete the factors of the Exercise 4: Look for 5 different perfect

following polynomials. square trinomials found in the box. Factoring

1.
2.
𝑎 3 − 33 =
𝑏3 + 8 =
(𝑎 + __ ) ( __−3𝑎 + 9)
(___ + 2) ( 𝑏 2 − 2𝑏 + ___)
Polynomials
3. 𝑥 + 125 =
3
( ___ + ____) ( 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 25)  Greatest Common Factor
4. 8𝑎3 − 1 = (2a − 1 ) ( ___ + ___ + ___)  Difference of two squares
5. 64 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 3 = ( ___ + ____) ( ___ + ___ + ___)  Sum and Difference of Two Cubes
 Factoring General Trinomial
Factoring Perfect Square
Trinomial Factoring General Trinomial
A trinomial is a perfect square trinomial if To factor trinomial with 1 as the numerical
it can be factored into a binomial multiplied to coefficient of the leading term 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 is an inverse process of
itself. A Perfect Square Trinomial has first 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑎2 + 5𝑎 − 14 multiplication
and last terms which are perfect squares and
Factor the first 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑎2 + 5𝑎 − 14
the middle terms is twice the product of the term of the (𝑥 )(𝑥 ) (𝑎 )(𝑎 ) 𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒚𝒏𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒂𝒍 means writing
square root of the first and last terms. trinomial a polynomial in the form of the product of
For example, in the trinomial 𝒙𝟐 − List down all 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑎2 + 5𝑎 − 14 two or more polynomials.
the factors of The factors of 6 The factors of -14
𝟏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝟔, both x2 and 36 are perfect squares. the last term are are There are different ways of factoring
The square root of x2 is x, the square root of 36 1 6 -1 14 polynomials
is 6, and 2 times x times 6 equals 12x, which 2 3 1 -14
is equal to the middle term., thus 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 + -1 -6 -2 7
𝟑𝟔 is a perfect square trinomial -2 -3 2 -7
The following formulas can be used when Identify which 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 6 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 − 14
factoring perfect square trinomials: factor pair that will sum that will sums up Greatest Common Factor
have a sum up to −5 is − 2 to +5 is 7 and− 2
𝑎² + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏² = (𝑎 + 𝑏)² and 𝑎² − equal to the and−3 Therefore, its
2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏² = (𝑎 – 𝑏)² numerical Thus, the factor is A 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓, also known as a
coefficient of factored form is (𝒂 + 𝟕 )(𝒂 − 𝟐 ) common divisor, is a number or term that can
Example: Factor 𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 4 the middle (𝒙 − 𝟐 )(𝒙 − 𝟑) )*
divide several numbers or terms without a
term
remainder.
Since 𝑥 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 are both perfect square, And
2(𝑥)(2) = 4𝑥,we can conclude that the given Exercise 5: Supply the missing term to For example, 5 is a common factor of 10
make the mathematical equation true. and 15 because 5 divides 10 and 15 without a
expression is a perfect square trinomial. Thus,
1. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 6 = (𝑥 + __ )(𝑥 +__ ) remainder (10 ÷ 5 = 2 and 15 ÷ 5 = 3); 3𝑥 is a
the polynomial is factored as (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 +
2. 𝑦 2 − 8𝑦 + 9 = ( __−9)( __+1 ) common factor of 6𝑥 and 9𝑥 2 because 3𝑥
2)𝑜𝑟 (𝑥 + 2)²
3. 𝑎2 + 8𝑎 + 15 = (___ + __ )(___ +__ ) divides 6𝑥 and 9𝑥 2 without a remainder.
4. 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 28 = (𝑥 + __ )(𝑥 −__ )
5. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 36 = (𝑥 + __ )(𝑥 −__ )
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To Factoring Difference of Two Factoring Sum and Difference
factor:
Squares of Two Cubes
Find the greatest common factor of all the The sum of the cubes of two terms is equal
The factors of difference of two squares is to the sum of the cube root of the two terms
terms of the polynomial.
the product of two binomials which is the sum multiplied by the sum of the squares of these
Divide each term of the polynomial by
and difference of its square root of each term. terms minus the product of these two terms.
this common factor.
Formula: 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏)
Put the new polynomial in parentheses 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 + 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )
and write the greatest common factor in Steps in Factoring the Difference of
front of the parentheses. Two Squares: The difference of the cubes of two terms is
1. Take the square roots of the two terms. equal to the difference of the cube roots of the
EXAMPLES two terms multiplied by the sum of the squares
2. Write the product of the sum and
difference of the square roots of these two terms plus the product of these two
1. Write 5𝑥 − 35 in factored form.
terms.
To write 5𝑥 − 35 in factored form,we need to Illustrative Example:
identify the greatest common factor (GCF)
𝒙𝟑 − 𝒚𝟑 = (𝒙 − 𝒚)(𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 )
whisch is 5 , To find the other factor we simply Factor 𝑥 2 −4𝑦 2 using the difference of two Example 1. Factor 𝑥 3 + 8
divide each term by the greatest common squares method. Currently, the problem is not written in the
Factor.Thus, a. Take the square roots of the two terms. form that we want. Each term must be written as
√𝑥 2 = 𝑥 and √4𝑦 2 = 2𝑦 a cube, that is, an expression raised to a power
To factor 𝟓𝒙 − 𝟑𝟓 we write: 𝟓(𝒙 − 𝟕) b. Write the product of the sum and of 3. The term with variable x is okay but
2. In factoring the polynomial 3𝑎3 + 27𝑎2,we difference of the square roots. the 8 should be taken care of. Obviously, we know
need to identify the GCF which is 𝟑𝒂𝟐 (look for (x + 2y) (x – 2y) that
the variable with the lowest degree of each 8 = (2)(2)(2)= 23
term). To find the other factor divide each term Therefore 𝑥 2 – 4𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)(𝑥 – 2𝑦) Rewrite the original problem as sum of two
by the GCF.
3𝑎3
=𝒂,
27𝑎2
= 𝟗, thus the factor of cubes. Since this is the Sum case, the binomial
Exercise 2: Factor the following difference
3𝑎2 3𝑎2 factor and trinomial factor will have positive and
𝟑𝒂 + 𝟐𝟕𝒂 is 𝟑𝒂 (𝒂 + 𝟗)
𝟑 𝟐 𝟐 of squares.
negative middle sign respectively.
Exercise 1 Factor the following polynomial 1. 𝑥² − 49 _________________ 𝑥 3 + 8 = (𝑥)3 + (2)3
by completing the table below 𝑥 3 + 8 =(𝑥 + 2)((𝑥)2 − (2)(𝑥) + (2)(2)).
2. 4𝑎² − 1 _________________
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟖 = (𝒙 + 𝟐)(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒).
3. 36 − 𝑎²𝑏² _________________
4. 9𝑏² − 4𝑐² _________________ Example 2 Factor 𝑥 3 − 64
5. 𝑦² − 121 __________________ 𝑥 3 − 64 = (𝑥)3 − (4)3
= (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + (4)(𝑥) + 16)
= (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 16)
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