[2] circular path.

Linear and Angular Displacement Uniform moves at constant speed (dir

Displacement - It is a vector whose length is the changes).
shortest distance from the initial to the Non-uniform - moves with varying speed.
final position of a point P. A displacement
measurement also indicated the direction of [3]
motion. Pressure
Linear Displacement movement in one Pressure force per unit area. P = gh
direction along a single axis. Absolute Pressure zero referenced against
Angular Displacement is the angle in radians perfect vacuum. Pabs = Pg + Patm
thru w/c a point or line has been rotated in a Barometric Pressure pressure exerted by the
weight of the atmosphere, w/c at sea level has
specified sense about specified axis.
a mean value of 101.3kpa.
Gauge Pressure - zero referenced against
Speed
ambient air pressure/atmospheric pressure. Pg
Speed - a scalar quantity (mag only) that refers
= Pabs Patm
to how fast an object is moving. The rate at w/c
Equipment: Barometer, Sphygmomanometer, U
an object covers distance.
shape manometer.
Instantaneous speed speed at a specific point
in time.
Weight
Average speed total distance covered divided
Mass amount of matter in a given object, it is
by the time interval.
anything made up of matter that has a mass.
Equipment: Tachometer rpm, Speedometer
Always remain constant and does not depend
speed, Anemometer wind speed
on gravity.
Weight sensation of force (gravity) we get as
Velocity
we press against other objects. It is measured in
Velocity a vector quantity (mag & dir); rate of
newtons.
change of its position with respect to frame of
Equipment: Spring scale.
reference and is a function of time. Speed and
direction.
Force
Force vector quantity; push or pull upon an
Acceleration
object resulting from the objects interaction
Acceleration change in velocity per change in
with another object.
time. It involves, change in speed, direction and
Air Resistance Force - Basically, it is friction
both.
between an object and the air. All matter is
Equipment: Accelerometer accel
made from atoms and/or molecules. The air is
no exception.
Distance
Applied Force - Applied force is when a living
Distance numerical description of how far
creature puts pressure on an object.
apart objects are.
Electrical Force - The attractive or repulsive
Equipment: Contact (ruler & stadimeter) and
interaction between any two charged objects is
Non-contact (laser rangefinder, lidar)
an electric force.
Gravitational Force - is a force that attracts any
Circular Motion
two objects with mass.
Circular Motion movement of object on a
Magnetic Force - Magnetic force is different Linear Vibration - all the basic components of
from gravitational and electrical forces in that vibratory system the spring, the mass and the
its potential and momentic energy is at the damper behave linearly.
expense of an electrical field in time. Non-Linear Vibration - any of the basic
Normal Force - the component, perpendicular components behave non-linearly.
to the surface (surface being a plane) of Equipment: Vibration meter inspection,
contact, of the contact force exerted on an accelerometer, fluke 810 Vib tester.
object by, for example, the surface of a floor or
wall, preventing the object from falling. [4]
Spring Force - Is when an object is pushed Flow
together, then when pressures taken away it Flow quantity of fluid that passes a point per
goes back to its normal self. unit time. (Laminar and turbulent)
Frictional Force - is the force exerted by a Streamline imaginary line in fluid.
surface as an object moves across it or makes Laminar Flow streamlines are smoothly
an effort to move across it. curved and almost parallel to each other.
Equipment: Dynamometer force, Spring Scale Turbulent Flow molecules of fluid become
force by distance, Shockwatch stickers disorganized and begin to swirl.
sensitive equipment Equipment: Mechanical Anemometer, Notch
Weir, Orifice meter, venturi, nozzle obstruction
Vibration flow meters; Pitot tube, Hot wire anemometer,
Vibration - Periodic back-and-forth motion of oval gear,rotameter,ultrasonic, velocity flow
the particles of an elastic body or medium, meters
commonly resulting when almost any physical
system is displaced from its equilibrium Liquid Level
condition and allowed to respond to the forces Liquid Level used to monitor and regulate
that tend to restore equilibrium. levels of a particular free-flowing substance
Free and Forced Vibrations - system is disturbed within a contained space.
momentarily and then allowed to move without Continuous sensors measure level of liquid
restraint. with a specified range. Typically used for
Simple Harmonic Motion - This occurs inventory and process monitoring.
whenever the disturbance to the system is Point detect the presence or absence of liquid
countered by a restoring force that is exactly at their point of installation and provide a
proportional to the degree of disturbance. switch output. Typically used for basic alarms
Forced Vibrations - is when a time-varying and control functions.
disturbance (load, displacement or velocity) is Level Gauge visual indicator of the level of
applied to a mechanical system. liquid having a sealed cavity with at least one
Undamped Vibration - no energy is lost or transparent wall.
dissipated in friction or other resistance during Float type motion balance devices that move
oscillation. up and down with liquid level.
Damped Vibration - near resonance. Hydrostatic Pressure Measurement vertical
Resonance - the tendency of a system to column of fluid generates a pressure at the
oscillate at maximum amplitude at certain bottom of the column owing to the action of
frequencies, known as the system's resonance gravity on the fluid.
frequencies. Displacement Type any object wholly or
partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a Kinematic Viscosity - sq.m per second, however
force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced due to the viscosity values of common fluids
by the object. sq.cm per second is often use.
Echo Type immune to changes in liquid Equipment: Viscometer
density
Capacitive Type increase or decrease in level
of process fluids, changes in capacitance
between conductive rod and process vessel
walls.
Equipment: Evel gauge, manometer, float,
buoyant force instrument, ultrasonic level
measurement.

Density
Density the volumetric mass density of a
substance is its mass per unit volume.
Absolute Density the mas of one unit of
volume of a body. For water = 1000kg.m^3
Relative density aka specific gravity, density of
a material or substance relative to another
substance.
Equipment: Scale and Graduated Cylinder,
Hydrometer, Pycnometer.

Buoyancy
Buoyancy the force exerted on an object that
is wholly or partially immersed.
Equipment: Spring Balance, Beaker, Weighing
Scale, Graduated Cylinder.

Buoyancy and Density

If the object has a higher density than the
liquid, it sinks.
If the object has a lower density than the liquid,
it floats.
If the object and the liquid have the same
density, it flinks (floats in the middle).

Viscosity
Viscosity property of fluid that resist force
tending to cause fluid to flow. A measure of a
fluid resistance to flow.
Dynamic Viscosity corresponds to the force
per unit area by the shear rate.