Distillation of Multicomponent Alcohol Mixture.

A feed of 30 mol% methanol (A), 20% ethanol (B), 15% n-propanol (C), and 35
% n-butanol (D) is distilled at 101.32 kPa absolute pressure to give a distillate
composition containing 95.0 mol % methanol and a residu composition containing
5.0 % methanol and the other components as calculated. The feed is below the
boiling point, so that q = 1.1. The operating reflux ratio is 3.0. Assume that
Roults’s law applies and vapor-pressure data from antoine equation are given
below :

Komponen Ant. A B C
Metanol 18,5875 3626,55 -34,29
Etanol 18,9119 3808,98 -41,68
Propanol 17,5439 3166,38 -80,15
Butanol 17,216 3137,02 -94,43

Vapor Pressure (mmHg)

T (˚C)
Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol
50 416,8815891 216,9019454 91,24330589 33,1304436
60 634,5324803 345,0634518 152,7135633 58,85036226
70 939,8989377 532,301459 245,7788922 99,81746791
80 1358,332608 798,5975083 382,0068199 162,5272033
90 1919,574947 1168,255813 575,5223665 255,2042755
100 2657,902611 1670,242873 843,1478438 387,9611793
110 3612,188745 2338,453577 1204,477317 572,9122782
120 4825,880352 3211,895661 1681,88416 824,2386373
130 6346,895059 4334,788116 2300,463594 1158,201901

Calculate the following:

a. Composition and amounts of distillate and bottoms for a feed of 100
mol/h.
b. Top and bottom temperatures and number of stages at total reflux. (Also,
calculate the distribution of the other components.)
c. Minimum reflux ratio, number of stages at R = 3.00, and feed-tray location

Penyelesaian: XA =
0,95
 XB =
0,05
D? XC = 0
XD = 0

F = 100 mol/jam
XA = 0,30
XB = 0,20
XC = 0,15
XD = 0,35
XA =
0,05
XB = ?
W? XC = ?
XD = ?
a). Neraca massa total:
F  D W  W  100  D
Neraca massa komponen A: X AF .F  X AD D  X AW W

D = 27,77778 mol/jam
W = 72,2222 mol/jam

XA=0,95; dA = 26,38889 mol/jam

XB= 0,05; dB = 1,388889 mol/jam
XC = 0
XD = 0
D = 27,77778 mol/jam
F = 100 mol/jam
XA = 0,30
XB = 0,20
XC = 0,15
XD = 0,35
XA = 0,05; wA= 3,61111 mol/jam
XB = 0,243 ; wB= 18,61111 mol/jam
XC = 0,193; wCm= 15 mol/jam
XD = 0,514;wD = 35 mol/jam
W =72,22222 mol/jam

b) Ttop diprediksi dengan dew point temperature

Trial Ttop = 65 oC
 Komponen B sebagai base component (C)
Komponen yiD = xiD Ki = 65 oC  i  K i yi 1 yi
Xi 
K HK i K HK  i
A (LK) 0,95 1,019431 1,801173 0,527434 0,9318926
B (HK) 0,05 0,565981 1 0,05 0,0883421
C 0 0,256094 0,452478 0 0
D 0 0,101395 0,17915 0 0
0,577434 1,0202347
Trial Ttop = 65 oC;  xi = 1,0202347 ≠ 1,0000
Trial kedua,
yi
KC =  = 0,577434 dihubungkan ke data tekanan uap (ethanol).
i
Pada KC = 0,577434,
pi = 0,577434 x 760 mmHg = 438,8498 mmHg
Trial Ttop = 65,50635 oC
Ki yi 1 yi
Komponen yiD = xiD Ki i  Xi 
KC i KC i
A LK 0,95 1,039874 1,797484 0,528517 0,913572
B HK 0,05 0,578517 1 0,05 0,0864279
C 0 0,262325 0,453445 0 0
D 0 0,104138 0,180008 0 0
0,578517 1

 xi = 1,0000  Ttop = 65,50635 oC

Tbottom diprediksi dengan boiling point temperature

Trial Tbottom = 100 oC

Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC
A LK 0,05 2,525757 1,643112 0,082156 0,126288
B HK 0,257692 1,537179 1 0,257692 0,396119
C 0,207692 0,757266 0,492634 0,102316 0,157278
D 0,484615 0,335795 0,218449 0,105864 0,162731
0,548028 0,842417

Trial Tbottom = 90 oC;  yi = 0,842417≠ 1,0000

 1
Trial kedua, KC =   .x = 1,824725 dihubungkan ke data tekanan uap
i i
(ethanol). Pada KC = 1,824725
pi = 1,824725 x 760 mmHg = 1386,791 mmHg.
 94,7 oC.
100 oC
Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC
A LK 0,05 3,49724 1,591327 0,079566 0,174862
B HK 0,257692 2,197688 1 0,257692 0,566327
C 0,207692 1,109405 0,504806 0,104844 0,230415
D 0,484615 0,510475 0,232278 0,112566 0,247384
0,5234 1,218988
o
Trial Tbottom = 94,7 C
Trial Tbottom = 94,7 oC;  yi = 0,9849 ≠ 1,0000
1
Trial kedua, KC =   .x = 1,9106 dihubungkan ke data tekanan uap
i i
(ethanol). Pada KC = 1,9106
pi = 1,9106 x 760 mmHg = 1452,06 mmHg.
 95,125 oC.

Trial Tbottom = 95,125 oC

Ki  i .xi yi  K C . i xi
Komponen xiw Ki i 
KC
A LK 0,05 2,932399 1,615740924 0,080787046 0,14662
B HK 0,257692 1,814894 1 0,257692308 0,467684
C 0,207692 0,904626 0,498445776 0,103523353 0,187884
D 0,484615 0,408183 0,224907078 0,10899343 0,197812
1

y i = 1,0015  1,0000; Tbottom = 95,125 oC

Penentuan Jumlah stage minimum pada total reflux, menggunakan persamaan

Fenske:

 x .D  x .W 
log  LD  HW 
Nm   x HD .D  x LW .W 
log L ,av 
 L ,av   LD . LW  1,74591,5493  1,6447

 0,95.22,222  0,05.77,778 
log   
 0,05.22,222  0,243.77,778  log 92,292
Nm    9,09
log1,6447  log1,6447 
Nm  9,1
stage

xiD .D Nm x HD .D
Distribusi komponen:   i ,av 
xiw .W x HW .W
Distribusi komponen yang ditinjau adalah komponen selain LK dan HK, yaitu
komponen C (n-Propanol) dan komponen D (n-Butanol).

Komponen C:

 C ,av   CD . CW   0,4355 0,4892  0,4616

xCD .D 9 ,1  0,05  . 22,222 

  0,4616   5,18.10 5
xCW .W  0,243. 77,778
 xCD .D  5,18.10  xCW .W 
5

Neraca massa komponen C:

15
xCF .F  xCD .D  xCW .W  15  xCW .W   14,9992
1,0000518
mol
xCD .D  0,0008 mol
xCD  3,6 x10 5

Komponen D:

 D ,av   DD . DW   0,1783 0,2127  0,1947

x DD .D 9,1  0,05 . 22,222 

  0,1947   2.10 8
x DW .W  0,243. 77,778
 x DD .D  2.10  x DW .W 
8

Neraca massa komponen D:

40
x DW .W   39,99999992
x DF .F  x DD .D  x DW .W  40  1,00000002
 x DD .D  8 x10 7
x DD  3,6 x10 8

C) Reflux ratio minimum

Menggunakan persamaan Underwood
 i .xiF
1 q  
i 
 .x
Rm  1   i iD
i 
αi dihitung pada T rata-rata antara Ttop dan Tbottom
Ttop  Tbottom 65,6  95,125
Tav    86,3625
2 2

Ki αi xiW
Komponen xiF xiD
A LK 0,25 0,95 2,2004 1,6099 0,05
B HK 0,20 0,05 1,3668 1,0000 0,243
C 0,15 0 0,6498 0,4754 0,193
D 0,40 0 0,2783 0,2036 0,514

 A .x AF  B .xBF  C .xCF  D .xDF

1 q    
 A    B  C    D  
1  1,1 
1,6099. 0,25  1,0000. 0,20   0,4754. 0,15   0,2036. 0,4
1,6099   1,0000   0,4754   0,2036  

Trial nilai  antara αA=1,6099 sampai αB = 1,0000

 1-q
1,5 3,1297749
1,1 -1,4156999
1,2 -0,1982613
1,21 -0,1239372
1,213312 -0,1000438
1,213318 -0,1000009

Dari trial & error didapatkan,  = 1,213318

 .x  .x  .x  .x
Rm  1  A AD  B BD  C CD  D DD
 A   B  C   D 
Rm  1 
1,6099. 0,95  1,0000. 0,05   0,4754. 0   0,2036. 0
1,6099   1,0000   0,4754   0,2036  
Rm  1  3,622
Rm  2,622

Jumlah stage, N ditentukan dengan menggunakan Erbar Maddox Correlation

(Figure 11.7-3 Geankoplis)
Rm 2,622
Rm  2,622    0,724
Rm  1 3,622
R 3
R  3,00    0,75
R 1 4

Dari Erbar Maddox Correlation,

Rm
perpotongan  0,724 dengan R  0,75 ; pada N m  0,5
Rm  1 R 1 N
N 9,1
N m   18,2 stage
0,5 0,5

Letak feed-plate, menggunakan metode Kirkbride

N  x  W  x  2 
log e  0,206 log  HF   LW  
Ns  xLF  D  xHD  
 Ne  0,2  77,778  0,05 2 
log  0,206 log      0,092
Ns  0,25  22,222  0,05  
Ne
 1,236  N e  1,236 N s
Ns

N e  N s  1,236 N s  N s  2,236 N s  18,2

 N s  8,1
N e  10,1