1.

Hidrolizer

Q in

T= 30 oC

A. Panas Masuk
T reff = 25 298
T in = 30 303

Penentuan kapasitas panas pati (C6H10O5), Werner 1941 :

elemen BM CP
C 72 45
H 10 96
O 80 83.5
tot = 162 224.5 kJ/kmol K
1.38580246914 kJ/Kg K
1385.80246914 J/Kg K 0.239
331.206790123 Kal/Kg K
0.33120679012 Kkal/Kg K

Penentuan kapasitas panas glukosa (C6H12O6), Werner 1941 :

Elemen BM CP
C 72 45
H 12 115.2
O 96 100.2
tot = 180 260.4 kJ/kmol K
1.44666666667 KJ/Kg K
1446.66666667 J/kg K
345.753333333 Kal/kg K
0.34575333333 Kkal/Kg K

a.) Panas campuran 1(Q in 1)

Q pati = m x CP x dT
2866.828199548 kkal/jam
Q H2O = m x CP x dT
13766.692379306 kkal/jam
Q ampas = m x CP x dT
1928.9856387769 kkal/jam
Total Q in 1= Q pati + Q H2O + Q ampas
 18562.506217631 kkal/jam

b.) Panas campuran 2 (Q in 2)

T reff = 25 298
Tin = 30 303
Q lar. AS = m x CP x dT
10711.434676862 kkal/jam
total panas masuk = Q in 1 + Q in 2
29273.9408945 kkal/jam

B. Panas Reaksi
Reaksi yang terjadi :
C6H10O5 + H2O -> C6H12O6
Pati air Glukosa
Panas reaksi pembentukan pada T = 298 K
∆Hf C6H10O5 = 987.5 Kj x 1 kkal
kmol 4.186 kj
41.283444816054 kkal/jam

∆Hf H2O = -68.3174 kkal x 3.15 kg/jam

mol 18 kg/mol
-11.955545 kkal/jam

∆Hf C6H12O6 = -1273.3 kj x 1 kkal

kmol 4.186 kj
-53.231605351171 kkal/jam

∆Hf produk = -53.23161 kkal/jam

∆Hf reaktan = 41,283445 + -11.95555
29.327899816054 kkal/jam

∆Ho R (25 oC) =f produk - f reaktan

-82.559505167224 kkal/jam

Panas Sensibel produk (∆H1)

Q C6H12O6 = m x Cp x ∆T
1731.1409578767 x 0.35 x (488-298)
115120.8736988 kkal/jam

Panas sensibel reaktan (∆H2)

Q Pati = m x Cp x ∆T
1731.1409578768 x 0.33 x (488-298)
108542.53805887 kkal/jam

Q H2O = m x Cp x ∆T
2753.3384758611 x 1x (488-298)
 523134.31041361 kkal/jam

total ∆H2 = 108542,54 + 523134.31

631676.84847248 kkal/jam

Jadi total panas reaksi :

∆HoR (215oC) =∆HoR (25oC) + ∆H1 - ∆H2
-82.55951 115120.87 631676.85
-516638.53427885 kkal/jam

C. Panas Sensibel Keluar

T reff = 25 oC 298 0
T2 = 215 oC 488 K

Q C6H12O6 = m x Cp x ∆T
1731.1409578768 x 0.35 x (488-298)
115120.8736988 kkal/jam

Q H2SO4 = m x Cp x ∆T
23.803188170805 x 0.99 x (488-298)
4477.3796949285 kkal/jam

Q H2O total = m x Cp x ∆T
4720.3473892486 x 1x (488-298)
896866.00395723 kkal/jam

Q ampas = m x Cp x ∆T
1285.9904258513 x 0.3 x (488-298)
73301.454273524 kkal/jam

Q pati sisa = m x Cp x ∆T
173.11409578768 x 0.33 x (488-298)
10854.253805887 kkal/jam

Total panas keluar (Q out) = Q C6H12O6 + Q H2SO4 + Q H2O total + Q ampas +

1100619.96543

D. Beban panas steam

panas yang di suplay (Qs) :
Qs = Q out + ∆HoR - Q in
554707.49025703

E. Kebutuhan steam
Temperatur stean yang digunakan = 250 oC 523
λ= 409.8231 kkal/kg
 Ms = Qs
λ
554707.490257
409.8231
1353.52909647 kg/jam

Neraca Panas Total Hidrolizer

Panas masuk (kkal/jam) panas keluar( kkal/jam)
Panas sensibel 1 (Q in 1) Panas sensibel (Q out)
Q pati = 2866.8282 Q C6H12O6 = 115120.8737
Q H20 = 13766.69238 Q H2SO4 = 4477.379695
Q ampas = 1928.985639 Q H2O tot = 896866.004
Panas sensibel 2 (Q in 2) Q ampas = 73301.45427
Q lar. AS = 10711.43468 Q pati sisa = 10854.2538059
Qs = 554707.49025703 ∆HoR (488)= -516638.534
Total = 583981.43115603 Total = 583981.431471

2. Tangki Pendingin (Cooler Tank)

298

488

313

A. Panas yang masuk ke tangki pendingin = panas yang keluar dari hidrolizer
Q in = 583981.43147089 kkal/jam

B. Panas sensibel keluar tangki pendingin :

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 30 oC 303 K
Q C6H12O6 = m x Cp x ∆T
1731.1409578768 x 0.35 x (303-298)
3029.4966762843 kkal/jam

Q H2SO4 = m x Cp x ∆T
23.803188170805 x 0.99 x (303-298)
 117.82578144549 kkal/jam

Q H2O total = m x Cp x ∆T
4720.3473892486 x 1x (303-298)
23601.736946243 kkal/jam

Q ampas = m x Cp x ∆T
1285.9904258513 x 0.3 x (303-298)
1928.9856387769 kkal/jam
Q pati sisa = 285.63825804966 kkal/jam
Total Q out = Q C6H12O6 + Q H2SO4 + Q H2O total + Q ampas
28963.683300799 kkal/jam

Q in = Q out
Q Hidrolizer + Q air = Q out + Q air
583981.4314709 m . 1 kkal/kg K (303-298)K = 28963,6833 + m . 1 kkal/kg K (313-298)
583981.4314709 kkal/jam + 5 m. Kkal/kg = 28963.6833 kkal/jam +
555017.748171 kkal/jam = 10 m. Kkal/kg
55501.7748171 kg/jam = m

Jadi massa air = 55501.774817089 kg/jam sehingga :

Q air masuk = m x Cp x ∆T
55501.774817089 x 1x 5
277508.87408544 kkal/jam

Q air keluar = m x Cp x ∆T
55501.774817089 x 1x 15
832526.62225633 kkal/jam

C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)

Qp = Q in - Q out
555017.74785523 kkal/jam

D. Jumlah air Pendingin yang dibutuhkan (Mp)

Mp = Qp
Cp . ∆T
55501.774785523 kkal/jam

Neraca Panas Total Tangki Pendingin

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
Kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas sensibel masuk (Q in) Panas sensibel keluar (Q out)
Q in = 583981.43147089 Q C6H12O6 = 3029.49667628
Q H2SO4 = 117.825781445
Q H2O tot = 23601.7369462
Q ampas = 1928.98563878
 Q pati sisa = 285.63825805
Qp = 555017.747855
total = 583981.43147089 total = 583981.431156

3. Heater

523

303 Heater 371

523

A. Panas Sensibel Masuk (Q in):

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 30 oC 303 K

Q etanol = m . Cp . ∆T
773.00422630521 kg/jam x 26.83 kkal/kmol K
46 kg/kmol
2254.3155860618 kkal/jam

Q H2O = m . Cp . ∆T
4582.1105852504 kg/jam x 1 kkal/kg K
22910.552926252 kkal/jam

Total panas masuk heater :

Q in = Q etanol + Q H2O
2254.3155860618 + 22910.5529263
25164.868512314 kkal/jam

B. Panas Sensibel Keluar (Q out) :

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T 0ut = 98 oC 371 K

Q etanol = m . Cp . ∆T
773.00422630521 kg/jam x 26.83 kkal/kmol K
46 kg/kmol
32913.007556503 kkal/jam
Q H2O = m . Cp . ∆T
4582.1105852504 kg/jam x 1 kkal/kg K
334494.07272328 kkal/jam

Total panas keluar heater :

Q out = Q etanol + Q H2O
367407.08027978 kkal/jam

Neraca panas total heater :

Q in = Q out + Q steam
Q steam = Q out - Q in
342242.21176747 kkal/jam

C. Jumlah Steam yang dibutuhkan :

kebutuhan steam (Ms)
Temperatur steam yang digunakan = 250 oC
λ= 409.8231 kkal/kg
Ms = Qs/λ
835.097415854 kg/jam

Neraca Panas total Heater

Panas masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas sensibel masuk (Q in): Panas sensibel keluar (Q out)
Q etanol = 2254.3155860618 Q etanol = 32913.0075565
Q H2O = 22910.552926252 Q H2O = 334494.072723
Q steam = 342242.21176747
Total = 367407.08027978 Total = 367407.08028

4. Menara Distilasi

A. Kondisi Operasi
Kondisi umpan masuk
T = 98 oC 371 K
P= 1 atm

Kondisi Distilat
T = 85 oC 358 K
P = 1 atm

Kondisi Bottom
T = 106 oC 379 K

B. Pnenetuan Rasio Refluks

Diketahui :
Umpan masuk, F = 5355.11481156 kg/jam terdiri dari :
etanol = 773.004226305
Air = 4582.11058525
Jadi,
Xf = 0.14434876814
Xd = 0.85565123186

Dari grafik diperoleh Y1 = 0.42

Y1 = Xd
R+1
R+1 = 0.8556512318583
0.42
R+1 = 2.037264837758
R min = 2.037264837758 - 1
1.037264837758

Distilasi dilakukan dengan refluks ratio 3 kali refluks minimum :

R operasi = 3x 1.03726483776
3.1117945132739

Y2 = Xd
R opr + 1
0.8556512318583
4.1117945132739
Y2 = 0.2080967881775

Dari perhitungan neraca massa di peroleh jumlah uap yang keluar pada kolom atas :
808.0808080808 kg/jam
etanol = 727.27272727273 kg/jam
air = 80.808080808081 kg/jam

untuk :
Etanol = R opr x 727.272727273 kg/jam
3.1117945132739 x 727.272727273 kg/jam
2263.123282381 kg/jam
air = R opr x 80.8080808081 kg/jam
3.1117945132739 x 80.8080808081 kg/jam
251.45814248678

Jadi total aliran refluks = etanol + air

2263.12328238 + 251.45814249
2514.58142487 kg/jam

Maka jumlah uap yang masuk kondensor = Jumlah distilat + Jumlah refluks
Etanol = 727.272727273 + 2263.1232824
2990.39600965 kg/jam
Air = 80.8080808081 + 251.45814249
332.266223295 kg/jam

Total aliran uap sebelum masuk kondensor adalah = 3322.6622329 kg/jam

C. Perhitungan Neraca Panas Distilasi

Untuk Q in yang masuk distilasi = Q out dari Heater
Q in = Q etanol + Q H2O
32913.007556503 + 334494.072723
367407.08027978 kg/jam
Untuk Q out yang keluar dari kolom distilasi :
T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 85 oC 358 K

9.014
540.84

15914.4505929 kkal/jam

32.243
1934.58

2180.41301908 kkal/jam

total Q out distilasi = 18094.863612 kkal/jam

untuk Q out yang keluar dari kolom bawah (bottom) :

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 106 oC 379 K

1382.60935772 kkal/jam

164369.212151 kkal/jam

total Q out bottom = Q etanol + Q air

1382.60935772 + 164369.2122
165751.821509 kkal/jam
 Total Panas keluar (Q out) = QD + QB
18094.863612 + 165751.8215
183846.685121 kkal/jam

Panas Laten Kondensasi (QCD) :

Q = n x ∆Hv

Dimana : n = kgmol komponen terkondensasi

∆Hv = Entalphi kondensasi komponen (kkal/kg)

Metode perhitungan kondensasi komponen pada suhu 85 oC dihitung dengan cara Watson
∆Hv = ∆Hv 1 ((1-Tr2/1-Tr1)^n) dan Tn = T / Tc

Dimana : n = Tetapan (0,38)

Tr1 = Suhu reduce komponen pada suhu terhitung
Tr2 = suhu reduce komponen pada titik didih normal
∆Hv1 = Entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih normal
∆Hv2 = Entalphi penguapan komponen pada titik didih terhitung

Dari appendiks D chemical Engineering, volume 6. Coulson & Richardson's diperoleh data :
Komponen TBP (K) TC (K) HVAP (kkal/kmol)
Etanol 351.3 516.2 9261.83
Air 373 647.3 9718.82

Panas penguapan masing-masing komponen pada suhu 358 K :

1. Etanol :
Tr1 = T = 351.3 =
Tc 516.2

Tr2 = T = 358 =
Tc 516.2

∆Hv = 9261.83 x 1 -
1 -

9116.98873606 kkal/kmol
Jadi,
Q etanol = 2990.3960096537 kg/jam x 9116.9887361 kkal/kmol
46 kg/kmol

592682.75513879 kkal/jam

2. Air :
Tr1 = T = 373 =
 Tc 647.3

Tr2 = T = 358 =
Tc 647.3

∆Hv = 9718.82 x 1 -
1 -
9917.45267236 kkal/kmol
Jadi,
Q air = 332.26622329486 kg/jam x 9917.4526724 kkal/mol
18 kg/mol

183068.58578609 kkal/jam

QCD = Q etanol + Q air

592682.75513879 + 183068.585786
775751.34092487 kkal/jam

Kebutuhan air Pendingin (Md)

sebagai pendingin digunakan air :
suhu air masuk = 28 oC 301 K
suhu air keluar = 40 oC 313 K

Md = QCD
Cp x ∆T (313-301)

775751.340924872
1 12

64645.9450771 kg/jam

Beban panas Reboiler :

Neraca panas distilasi :
QF + QRB = QD +
QRB = QD +
18094.863612 +
592190.94577 kkal/jam

Kebutuhan steam (Ms)

Temperatur steam = 250 oC 523 K
Panas Laten steam = 409.8231 kkal/kg

Temperatur yang digunakan = 250 oC 523 K

λ = 409.8231 kkal/kg
Ms = QRB
 λ
592190.945766
409.8231

1444.99162142 kg/jam

Neraca panas total Distilasi

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
panas masuk (Q in) : Panas sensibel keluar (Q out) :
Q etanol 32913.007556503 QB 165751.821509
Q air 334494.07272328 QD 18094.863612
QRB 592190.94576568 QCD 775751.340925
total 959598.02604546 total 959598.026045

5. Cooler -01

301

358 COOLER 303

313

A. Panas yang masuk ke Cooler = panas yang keluar distilat

Q in = 18094.863612 kkal/jam

B. Panas keluar cooler

T reff 25 oC 298 K
T out 30 oC 303 K
 1242.6687747 kkal/jam

180.584960718 kkal/jam

total Q out = Q Et + Q air

1242.6687747036 + 180.584960718
1423.2537354219 kkal/jam

C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)

Qp = Q in - Q out
18094.863611965 - 1423.25373542
16671.609876543 kkal/jam

D. Jumlah air pendingin yang di butuhkan :

Mp = Qp
Cp x ∆T

16671.6098765432 (313-301)
1 12

1389.3008230453 kg/jam

Neraca Panas total Cooler-01

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas Masuk (Q in) : Panas sensibel keluar (Q out)
Q Etanol 15914.450592885 Q Etanol 1242.6687747
Q H20 2180.4130190797 Q air 180.584960718
Total 18094.863611965 Qp 16671.6098765
Total 18094.863612

6. COOLER-02

301
 379 COOLER 303

313

A. Panas yang masuk ke cooler = panas yang keluar bottom

Q in = 165751.82150863 kkal/jam

B. Panas keluar cooler :

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 30 oC 303 K

9.014
45.07

78.140020568564 kkal/jam

10059.23575733 kkal/jam

Total Q out = Q Et + Q air

78.140020568564 + 10059.2357573
10137.375777899

C. Beban panas pendingin (Qp)

Qp = Q in - Q out
165751.82150863 - 10137.3757779
155614.44573073 kkal/jam
D. Jumlah air pendingin yang di butuhkan :
Mp = Qp
Cp x ∆T

155614.445730727 (313-301)
1 12

12967.870477561 kg/jam

Neraca Panas total Cooler-02

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas Masuk (Q in) : Panas sensibel keluar (Q out)
Q etanol 1382.6093577161 Q etanol 78.1400205686
Q air 164369.21215091 Q air 10059.2357573
total 165751.82150863 Qp 155614.445731
total 165751.821509

7. Dehidrator

DEHIDRATOR
T in = 303 K

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 30 oC 303 K

A. Panas Sensibel masuk

1. Panas masuk campuran 1 (Q in) = panas keluar cooler-01
Q campuran = Q et + Q Air
1242.6687747 + 180.58496072
1423.25373542 kkal/jam

2. Panas masuk campuran 2 (Q in 2) :

Q CaO = m Cp ∆T(303-298)
0.0772727272727 kg/jam 10.03 kkal/kmol K 5
56 kg/kmol

0.069200487013 kkal/jam
Total Q in = Q in1 + Q in 2
1423.2537354219 + 0.06920048701
1423.3229359089 kkal/jam

B. Panas Keluar Dehidrator

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T out = 30 oC 303 K

1. Panas keluar campuran 1 (Q out 1)

1242.6687747036 kkal/jam

67.71936026936 kkal/jam

Q out 1 = Q et + Q air
1242.6687747036 + 67.7193602694
1310.3881349729 kkal/jam

2. Panas keluar campuran 2 (Q out 2) :

Q CaO = m Cp ∆T(303-298)
0.0772727272727 kg/jam 10.03 kkal/kmol K 5
56 kg/kmol

0.069200487013 kkal/jam
 112.865600449 kkal/jam

Q out 2 = Q CaO + Q air

0.069200487013 + 112.865600449
112.93480093595 kkal/jam

Q total = 113.00400142296 kkal/jam

Neraca Panas total Dehidrator

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas masuk 1 (Q in 1) Panas keluar 1 (Q out 1)
Q etanol 1242.6687747036 Q etanol 1242.6687747
Q air 180.58496071829 Q air 67.7193602694
Panas masuk 2 (Q in 2) Panas keluar 2 (Q out 2)
Q CaO 0.069200487013 Q air 112.865600449
Total 1423.3229359089 Q CaO 0.06920048701
Total 1423.32293591

Perhitungan neraca panas dehidrator saat jaket pemanas di fungsikan untuk mengeringkan CaO

Dehidrator
T in = 303 K

T reff = 25 oC 298 K
T in = 30 oC 303 K

A. Panas Sensibel masuk

1. Panas masuk campuran (Q in) :
Q campuran = Q CaO + Q air
Q CaO = m x Cp x ∆T (303-298)
0.0772727272727 kg/jam 10.03 kkal/kmol K 5
56 kg/kmol

0.069200487013 kkal/jam
 112.86560044893 kkal/jam

B. Panas keluar Dehidrator

T reff 25 oC 298 K
T out 125 oC 398 K

1. Panas keluar campuran (Q out)

Q CaO = m x Cp x ∆T
0.0772727272727 kg/jam 10.03 kkal/kmol K 100
56 kg/kmol

1.3840097402597 kkal/jam

32.243
3224.3

2281.9941077441 kkal/jam

Total Q out = 2283.3781174844 kkal/jam

C. Beban panas steam

panas yang di suplay (Qs) :
Qs = Q out - Q in
2283.3781174844 - 112.934800936
2170.4433165484 kkal/jam

D. Kebutuhan Steam (Ms)

Temperatur steam yang digunakan 250 oC 523
λ = 409.8231 kkal/kg
Ms = Qs
λ
5.29604923819 kg/jam

Neraca Panas Total Dehodrator

Panas Masuk Panas Keluar
kkal/jam kkal/jam
Panas Masuk 1(Q in 1) Panas Keluar 1(Q out 1)
Q air 112.86560044893 Q air 2281.99410774
Q CaO 0.069200487013 Q CaO 1.38400974026
Qs 2170.4433165484
Total 2283.3781174844 Total 2283.37811748
 LAMPIRAN B
NERACA PANAS

Kapasitas
waktu operasi
RO
Q out
jika basis 100 kg/jam
Faktor pengali
T= 215 oC
488 K Tangki Pencucian
Masuk
Arus 1
Pati =
Air =
ampas =
kotoran =

Arus 2
air =

total =

Hidrolizer
Masuk
arus 4
pati
air
ampas

arus 5
Lar. H2SO4

total

RDVF
masuk
arus 6
glukosa
H2O
padatan
>pati sisa
>H2SO4
>Ampas
 total

Fermentor
masuk
arus 8
glukosa
H2O
Ragi

total

x 28.35 kg/jam
162 kg/mol RDVF 2
masuk
arus 9
etanol
H2O
padatan
>Ragi
x 31.5 kg/jam >glukosa sisa
180 kg/mol

total

Distilasi
masuk
feed (arus 11)
etanol
H2O

total

Dehidrator
masuk
arus 13
 etanol
H2O

arus 14
CaO

total

Q pati sisa

K
303

5
 15 m. Kkal/kg

(303-298)

(313-298)
 x (303-298) K

x (303-298) K

x (371-298) K
x (371-298) K
mlah refluks
 kj kkal
2.14E-01 8.39E-05 1.37E-09 4213.581492 1006.589
4212.8976 543.088056 2.931947599

1.92E-03 1.06E-05 3.60E-09 kj kkal

37.860384 68.3229372 7.677334572 2033.085987 485.687

kkal/kmol 9.014 2.14E-01 8.39E-05 1.37E-09

1390.727 730.134

kkal/kmol
657.2866
n = 0.38

TBP = Normal Boiling Point TC = Critical Temperature HVAP = Heat of Vaporisation at

0.68055017

0.69352964

0.38
0.69352964
0.68055017

0.57623977
0.55306658

0.38
0.55306658
0.57623977

QB + QCD
QB + QCD - QF
165751.822 + 775751.3409 - 367407.0803
9.014 2.14E-01 8.39E-05 1.37E-09 KJ kkal
45.07 321.640175 37.88183 0.186336919 329.0147 78.5988
 32.243 1.92E-03 1.06E-05 3.60E-09 kj kkal
161.215 2.8905095 4.765706 0.487925116 168.3833 40.2253
 2.14E-01 8.39E-05 1.37E-09 KJ kkal
321.640175 37.8818288 0.186336919 329.0146831 78.5988

32.243 0.0019238 1.06E-05 3.596E-09 kj kkal

161.215 2.8905095 4.765706 0.487925116 168.3833 40.2253
T out = 303 K

K
 32.243 0.0019238 1.0555E-05 3.6E-09 kj kkal
161.215 2.8905095 4.765705642 0.487925 168.38329 40.2253

32.243 0.0019238 1.0555E-05 3.6E-09 kj kkal

161.215 2.8905095 4.765705642 0.487925 168.38329 40.2253
T out = 398 K
K

0.0019238 1.0555E-05 3.596E-09 kj/kmol kkal/kmol

66.94824 128.704855 15.46790344 3404.485192 813.3027

K
Kapasitas 6000
waktu operasi 24 330
757.5758

jika basis 100 kg/jam 13.7849

Faktor pengali 54.95686

Tangki Pencucian
Keluar
arus 3
1731.140958 air pencuci = 27203.64362
2478.554197 kotoran = 54.95685581
1285.990426
54.95685581 arus 4
pati = 1731.140958
air = 2753.338476
27478.4279 ampas = 1285.990426

33029.07034 total = 33029.07034

Hidrolizer
keluar
arus 6
1731.140958 glukosa 1731.140958
2753.338476 pati sisa 173.1140958
1285.990426 H2SO4 23.80318817
H2O total 4720.347389
ampas 1285.990426
Lar. H2SO4 2163.926197

7934.396057 total 7934.396057

keluar
arus 7
1731.140958 glukosa 44.21240383
4720.347389 H2O 120.5551195
1482.90771 Padatan 1482.90771
173.1140958
23.80318817 arus 8
1285.990426 glukosa 1686.928554
H2O 4599.79227
 7934.396057 total 7934.396057

Fermentor
keluar
arus 9
1686.928554 etanol 775.9871349
4599.79227 CO2 742.2485638
17.28848227 H2O 4599.79227
ragi 17.28848227
glukosa sisa 168.6928554

6304.009306 total 6304.009306

keluar
arus 10
775.9871349 etanol 2.982908554
4599.79227 H2O 17.68168452
185.9813377 padatan 185.9813377
17.28848227
>glukosa sisa 168.6928554 arus 11
etanol 773.0042263
H2O 4582.110585

5561.760742 total 5561.760742

keluar
feed (arus 11) Distilat (arus 13)
773.0042263 etanol 727.2727273
4582.110585 air 80.80808081

bottom (arus 12)

etanol 45.73149903
H2O 4501.302504

5355.114812 total 5355.114812

Dehidrator
keluar
arus 16
727.2727273 etanol 727.2727273
80.80808081 H2O 30.3030303

arus1 5
0.077272727 CaO 0.077272727
H2O 50.50505051

808.1580808 total 808.1580808

Heat of Vaporisation at Normal Boiling ppoint
 LAMPIRAN A
NERACA MASSA

Basis = 100 kg/jam Ubi Kayu

1. TANGKI PENCUCI (WASHER)

2
1

E-2

Komposisi 100 kg Ubi Kayu sebagai berikut :

Pati = 31.5%
Air = 45.1%
Ampas = 23.4%
Jika kotoran yang ikut pada Ubi Kayu 1% maka :
Arus 1 :
Pati = 31.5% x 100 kg/jam =
Air = 45.1% x 100 kg/jam =
Ampas = 23.4% x 100 kg/jam =
Kotoran = 1% x 100 kg/jam =
Arus 2 :
Pencuci yang digunakan adalah air dengan perbandingan 1 : 5
Air = 5 x 100 kg/jam =
Arus 3 :
Air yang ikut dengan kotoran 99% maka :
Air = 99% x 500 kg/jam =
Kotoran =
Arus 4 :
Air yang ikut dengan Ubi Kayu bersih 1% maka :
Air = 1% x 500 kg/jam =
=
Pati =
Ampas =
Neraca Massa Total Tangki Pencuci
Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 1: Arus 3:
Pati = 31.5000 Air pencuci
Air = 45.1000 Kotoran
Ampas = 23.4000 Arus 4 :
Kotoran = 1.0000 Pati
 Arus 2: Air
Air = 500.0000 Ampas
Total = 601.0000 Total
2. HIDROLIZER

H2SO4, H2O

E-3

Reaksi yang berlansung :

C6H10O5 + H2O
Pati Air
162 18
konversi : 90%

Arus 4 :
Pati = 31.50 kg/jam
Air = 50.10 kg/jam
Ampas = 23.40 kg/jam +
Total = 105.00 kg/jam
Arus 5 :
90 x 31.50 kg/Jam
Mol pati bereaksi =
100 162 kg/kmol
= 0.18 kmol/jam
Pati bereaksi = 0.18 x 162
H2O bereaksi = 0.18 x 18
Glukosa terbentuk = 0.18 x 180
Larutan H2SO4 1,1% sebagai katalis dengan perbandingan 1:1,25 dengan jumlah pati
m Larutan H2SO4 1,1% = 1.25 x 31.50
m H2SO4 1.1
= x 39.38
yang digunakan 100
Arus 6 :
Glukosa terbentuk = 31.50 kg/jam
H2O dari larutan H2SO4 = 39.38 kg/jam
= 38.9419 kg/jam
Total air yang keluar = (50,10 + 31,50) kg/jam - 3,15 kg/jam
 = 89.0419 -
= 85.8919 kg/jam
Pati yang tidak bereaksi = 31,50 kg/jam - 28,35 kg/jam
= 3.15 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total Hidrolizer

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 4: Arus 6:
Pati = 31.5000 Glukosa
Air = 50.1000 Pati sisa
Ampas = 23.4000 H2SO4
Arus 5: H2O total
Lar. H2SO4 = 39.3750 Ampas

Total = 144.3750 Total

3. ROTARY DRUM VAKUM FILTER (RDVF-01)

6 8

Arus 6:
Glukosa = 31.500 kg/jam
H2O = 85.892 kg/jam
Padatan = 26.983 kg/jam
- Pati sisa = 3.150 kg/jam
- H2SO4 = 0.433 kg/jam
- Ampas = 23.400 kg/jam
Arus 7:
Komposisi larutan glukosa-air :
Glukosa = 31.5000 kg/jam = 26.8332%
Air = 85.8919 kg/jam = 73.1668%
Total = 117.3919 kg/jam
Terdapat 10 % larutan yang ikut keluar maka :
 X
10% = x 100%
X + padatan
10 X + 10 x 26,983 = 100 X
10 X + 269.83 = 100 X
269.83 = 90 X
2.9981 = X
Jumlah larutan glukosa-air keluar pada arus 8 adalah :
Jadi jumlah larutan yang ikut bersama padatan adalah :
Glukosa = 26.8332% x 2.9981
Air = 73.1668% x 2.9981

Arus 8 :
Glukosa = 31.5000 - 0.8045
Air = 85.8919 - 2.1936

Neraca Massa Total RDVF

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 6: Arus 7:
Glukosa = 31.5000 Glukosa
H2O = 85.8919 H2O
Padatan = 26.9831 Padatan
- Pati sisa = 3.1500 Arus 8 :
- H2SO4 = 0.4331 Glukosa
- Ampas = 23.4000 H2O

Total = 144.3750 Total

4. FERMENTOR

8 ENZYM

CO2 9

Reaksi yang berlansung :

 C6H12O6 90% 2 C2H5OH

Arus 8 :
Glukosa = 30.70 kg/jam
H2O = 83.70 kg/jam
Ragi = 2 kg larutan gula = 0.00550
Lar. Gula = 30.70 + 83.6982
= 114.3938 kg/jam
Jadi ragi yang digunakan = 0.00550 x
2
= 0.3146
Mol glukosa bereaksi 90 30.7
=
100 x 180
= 0.1535 kmol/jam
m Glukosa bereaksi = 1x 0.1535
Arus 9 :
Etanol terbentuk = 2x 0.1535
Karbon dioksida = 2x 0.1535
Glukosa sisa = 30,70 kg/jam - 27,62 kg/jam
= 3.070 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total Fermentor

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 8: Arus 9:
Glukosa = 30.6955 Etanol
H2 O = 83.6982 CO2
Ragi = 0.3146 H2 O
Ragi
Glukosa sisa
Total = 114.7083 Total

5. ROTARY DRUM VAKUM FILTER (RDVF-02)

9
11

10

Arus 9 :
 Etanol = 14.1199 kg/jam
H2O = 83.6982 kg/jam
Padatan = Ragi + Glukosa sisa
= 0.31 + 3.0696
= 3.3841 kg/jam
Arus 10 :
Komposisi larutan etanol-air :
Etanol = 14.1199 kg/jam = 14.4349%
Air = 83.6982 kg/jam = 85.5651%
Total = 97.8182 kg/jam
Terdapat 10 % larutan yang ikut keluar maka :
X
10% = x 100%
X + padatan
10 X + 10 x 3,3841 = 100 X
10 X + 33.84 = 100 X
33.84 = 90 X
0.3760 = X
Jumlah larutan etanol-air keluar pada arus 11 adalah :

Jadi jumlah larutan yang ikut bersama padatan adalah :

Etanol = 14.4349% x 0.3760
Air = 85.5651% x 0.3760
Arus 11 :
Etanol = 14.1199 - 0.0543
Air = 83.6982 - 0.3217

Neraca Massa Total RDVF

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 9: Arus 10:
Etanol = 14.1199 Etanol
H2O = 83.6982 H2O
Padatan = 3.3841 Padatan
- Ragi = 0.3146 Arus 11 :
- Glukosa sisa = 3.0696 Etanol
H2O
Total = 101.2023 Total

6. MENARA DISTILASI
D 13
 11
F

12
B

Umpan masuk adalah produk yang keluar dari RDVF, F

yang terdiri dari :
Etanol = 14.0657 kg/jam =
H2O = 83.3765 kg/jam + =
Total = 97.4422 kg/jam

Pada kondisi azeotropic berdasarkan grafik kesetimbangan etanol-air kadar etanol yang dapat
di peroleh adalah 90 % etanol pada produk atas dengan kondisi operasi pada :
Tekanan = 1 atm
Temperatur = 78,15 o C
Asumsi :
- 10 % H2O pada produk atas (destilat)
- 1 % Etanol pada produk bawah (bottom)
Perhitungan :
Diketahui : Xf etanol = 0.14
Xd etanol = 0.90
Xb etanol = 0.01
F = D + B ………………………….
D = F - B ………………………….
F. Xf = D. Xd + B. Xb ………………………….
Neraca massa Etanol :
F = D +
F . Xf = D . Xd +
F . Xf = ( F - B ) . Xd +
F . Xf = F . Xd -B .Xd +
F . Xf - F. Xd = B . Xb -
F ( Xf - Xd ) = B (Xb - Xd )
B = F ( Xf - Xd)
Xb - Xd
= 97.4422 ( 0.14
( 0.01
= 97.4422 ( -0.76
( -0.89
 = 82.738
D = F - B
= 97.4422 - 82.7382
= 14.7039 kg/jam

Hasil atas (destilat) :

Etanol = 0.9000 x 14.7039 = 13.2335
H2 O = 0.1000 x 14.7039 = 1.4704
Total = 14.7039
Hasil bawah (bottom) :
Etanol = 14.066 - 13.2335 = 0.8321
H2 O = 83.377 - 1.4704 = 81.9061
Total = 82.7382

Neraca Massa Total destilasi

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Feed: Destilat:
Etanol = 14.0657 Etanol
H2 O = 83.3765 H2 O
Bottom :
Etanol
H2 O
Total = 97.4422 Total

7. DEHIDRATOR
13 Etanol = 13.2335
H2O = 1.4704
14.7039

CaO 15 CaO
14 H2 O

16
Etanol 96%

Dari tabel solubulity perry's pada T = 30 o C diperoleh :

Kelarutan CaO dalam Air = 0.153 gr CaO
100 gr H2O
Arus 16 :
Penyerapan air pada larutan etanol 90 % diinginkan sampai mencapai etanol 96%
Perhitungan larutan etanol 96%
MassaLar.etanol = 100
x 13.2335
96.00
= 13.7849 kg/jam
Massa ai r = 13.785 - 13.2335
= 0.5514
Arus 15 :
Jumlah air yang terserap oleh CaO
Massa ai r = 1.4704 - 0.5514
= 0.9190
Jadi banyaknya CaO yang diperlukan untuk menyerap air pada umpan masuk adalah :
CaO = 0.000153 x 0.9190
0.1000
= 0.001406062 kg/jam

Neraca Massa Total Dehidrator

Bahan Masuk Ba
kg/jam
Arus 14: Arus 17:
Etanol = 13.2335 Etanol
H2 O = 1.4704 H2 O
Arus 15: Arus 16 :
CaO = 0.0014 H2 O
CaO
Total = 14.7053 Total
AMPIRAN A
RACA MASSA

31.50 kg/jam
45.10 kg/jam
23.40 kg/jam
1.00 kg/jam

500 kg/jam

495 kg/jam
1 kg/jam

5.00 kg/jam + 45.10 kg/jam

50.10 kg/jam
31.50 kg/jam
23.40 kg/jam

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 495.0000
= 1.0000
=
= 31.5000
 = 50.1000
= 23.4000
= 601.0000

steam

C6H12O6
Glukosa
180

31.50 kg/Jam
162 kg/kmol

= 28.35 kg/jam
= 3.15 kg/jam
= 31.50 kg/jam

= 39.38 kg/jam

= 0.4331 kg/jam

- 0.4331 kg/jam
 3.15

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 31.5000
= 3.1500
= 0.4331
= 85.8919
= 23.4000

= 144.3750

26.8332%
73.1668%
 2.9981 kg/jam

= 0.8045 kg/jam
= 2.1936 kg/jam

= 30.6955 kg/jam
= 83.6982 kg/jam

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 0.8045
= 2.1936
= 26.9831

= 30.6955
= 83.6982

= 144.3750
 + 2 CO2

114.3938
2

kg/jam
kg/jam

180 = 27.6260 kg/jam

x 46 = 14.1199 kg/jam
x 44 = 13.5060 kg/jam

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 14.1199
= 13.5060
= 83.6982
= 0.3146
= 3.0696
= 114.7083
14.4349%
85.5651%

0.3760 kg/jam

= 0.0543 kg/jam
= 0.3217 kg/jam

= 14.0657 kg/jam
= 83.3765 kg/jam

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 0.0543
= 0.3217
= 3.3841

= 14.0657
= 83.3765
= 101.2023
 = 97.4422 kg/jam

14.4349% = 0.1443
85.5651% = 0.8557

(i)
(ii)
(iii)

B
B. Xb
B. Xb
B. Xb
B. Xd

- 0.90 )
- 0.90 )
)
)
82.7382

13.2335 kg/jam
1.4704 kg/jam +
14.7039 kg/jam

0.8321 kg/jam
81.9061 kg/jam +
82.7382 kg/jam

Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 13.2335
= 1.4704

= 0.8321
= 81.9061
= 97.4422

kg/jam = 90%
kg/jam + = 10%
kg/jam

= 0.000153 kg CaO
0.1000 kg H2O
Bahan Keluar
kg/jam

= 13.2335
= 0.5514

= 0.9190
= 0.0014
= 14.7053
Kapasitas 6000
waktu operasi 24 330
RO 757.57576

jika basis 100 kg/jam 13.7849

Faktor pengali 54.956856

Tangki Pencucian
Masuk Keluar
Arus 1 arus 3
Pati = 1731.141 air pencuci = 27203.644
Air = 2478.5542 kotoran = 54.956856
ampas = 1285.9904
kotoran = 54.956856 arus 4
pati = 1731.141
Arus 2 air = 2753.3385
air = 27478.428 ampas = 1285.9904

total = 33029.07 total = 33029.07

Hidrolizer
Masuk keluar
arus 4 arus 6
pati 1731.141 glukosa 1731.141
air 2753.3385 pati sisa 173.1141
ampas 1285.9904 H2SO4 23.803188
H2O total 4720.3474
arus 5 ampas 1285.9904
Lar. H2SO4 2163.9262

total 7934.3961 total 7934.3961

RDVF
masuk keluar
arus 6 arus 7
glukosa 1731.141 glukosa 44.212404
H2O 4720.3474 H2O 120.55512
padatan 1482.9077 Padatan 1482.9077
>pati sisa 173.1141
>H2SO4 23.803188 arus 8
>Ampas 1285.9904 glukosa 1686.9286
H2O 4599.7923
total 7934.3961 total 7934.3961
Fermentor
masuk keluar
arus 8 arus 9
glukosa 1686.9286 etanol 775.98713
H2O 4599.7923 CO2 742.24856
Ragi 17.288482 H2O 4599.7923
ragi 17.288482
glukosa sisa 168.69286

total 6304.0093 total 6304.0093

RDVF 2
masuk keluar
arus 9 arus 10
etanol 775.98713 etanol 2.9829086
H2O 4599.7923 H2O 17.681685
padatan 185.98134 padatan 185.98134
>Ragi 17.288482
>glukosa sisa 168.69286 arus 11
etanol 773.00423
H2O 4582.1106

total 5561.7607 total 5561.7607

Distilasi
masuk keluar
feed (arus 11) Distilat (arus 13)
etanol 773.00423 etanol 727.27273
H2O 4582.1106 air 80.808081

bottom (arus 12)

etanol 45.731499
H2O 4501.3025

total 5355.1148 total 5355.1148

Dehidrator
masuk keluar
arus 13 arus 16
etanol 727.27273 etanol 727.27273
H2O 80.808081 H2O 30.30303

arus 14 arus1 5
CaO 0.0772727 CaO 0.0772727
H2O 50.505051

total 808.15808 total 808.15808

Heater 835.097416
Reboiler 1444.99162
Reaktor 1353.5291
Dehidrator 5.29604924
3638.91418

4002.8056 8824.5273397 483.236089 8.795962 249.1016

9422.8802346 0.453592
4274.1430914 4.7015574 8.548286
2911.1313464
1363.011745

265.60424967

Tangki Pendingin 55501.774786

Cooler I 1389.300823
Cooler II 12967.870478
Condensor Distilasi 64645.945077
134504.89116

121054.40205 13450.4891

149.448888888889
3.67951416023074 7500 312.5 2312.5 0.333333
7.35902832046148 5.51927124
1363.0117
134504.891163202 104753 1677.92728 0.466091
27478.4279 62.43
2312.5
165658.830763202 4.7345371188
3.3531720195