8 ;%sfldaK I

fuu mdvu bf.kSfuka Tng

;%sfldaKhl fldaK iïnkaO m%fïhka weiqfrka wkqfïhka idOkh lsÍug
yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

8'1 ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r yd ndysr fldaK

my; rEmfha oelafjk ABC ;%sfldaKh ;=< msysá yd hk fldaK
ABC ;%sfldaKfha wNHka;r fldaK ^fyda" fláfhka" ;%sfldaKfha fldaK& f,i
ye|skafõ'
A
ABC ;%sfldaKfha BC mdoh" rEmfha oelafjk
wdldrhg D f;la Èla lr we;' túg" iEfok
hkq ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaKhls' BCD hkq
tlu ir, f¾Ldjla ksid" hkq g
mßmQrl noaO fldaKhhs'
B C D

tu yer ;%sfldaKfhys wfkla fldaK fol jk yd g ndysr

fldaKfhys wNHka;r iïuqL fldaK hehs lshkq ,efí' fï wdldrhg u ;%sfldaKfha
b;sß mdo Èla lsÍfuka iEfok ndysr fldaKj,g wod< j o wNHka;r iïuqL fldaK
hq., ne.ska mj;S'
my; oelafjk m%fïhfhka ;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaKhla yd tys wNHka;r iïuqL
fldaK w;r iïnkaOhla oelafõ'

m%fïhh: ;%sfldaKhl ´kEu mdohla Èla lsÍfuka iEfok ndysr fldaKh

tys wNHka;r iïuqL fldaK fofla tl;=jg iudk fõ'

tA wkqj" by; ABC ;%sfldaKh i|yd"

fuu m%fïhh fhdod .ksñka" .eg¨ úi|k wdldrh i,ld n,uq'

84
 ksoiqk 1

A
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj" ys w.h
fidhkak'
60x

110x
D B C

by; m%fïhhg wkqj"

^wNHka;r iïuqL fldaKj, tl;=j = ndysr fldaKh&

ksoiqk 2
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj w.h fidhkak'
A

25x

70x D
x
B E y
40x
y
C
hkq AED ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaKhla nj meyeÈ,s h'
tA wkqj" ^ndysr fldaKh = wNHka;r iïuqL fldaKj, tl;=j&

;jo hkq BCE ;%sfldaKfha ndysr fldaKhla ksid"

^ndysr fldaKh = wNHka;r iïuqL fldaKj, tl;=j&

85
8'1 wNHdih
1' my; oelafjk tla tla rEm igyfkys w{d; u.ska oelafjk fldaKfha w.h
fidhkak'

(i) (ii) > 55x (iii) L

x
35 45x
100x
M
135x
N
45x x
n x
>
P

50x
(iv) (v) (vi)
d
a 40
x

c
120x
50x 70x b m n
2d 70x
c

2' my; oelafjk tla tla rEm igyfkys § we;s f;dr;=rej,g wkqj" a,b yd c
weiqfrka d ys w.h m%ldY lrkak'

b
(i) (ii) b

c d
a d
a c

8'2 ;%sfldaKhl ndysr fldaK m%fïhfha úêu;a idOkh yd tys Ndú;

úêu;a idOkh:
A
E o;a;h : ABC ;%sfldaKfha BC mdoh D f;la
Èla lr ;sfí
idOkh l< hq;a;: nj
>

>

ks¾udKh : BAg iudka;rj C yryd CE we£u'

B D
C

86
idOkh :

yd ka

kuq;a rEmhg wkqj; yd noaO fldaK hq.,fha tl;=j fõ'

úêu;a j idOkh l< ndysr fldaK m%fïhh iuÕ fuf;la W.;a fjk;a m%fïhhka
o fhdod .ekSfuka" wkqfïhh idOkh lruq'

ksoiqk 1
PQR ;%sfldaKfha QR mdoh u; S ,laIHh msysgd we;af;a jk fia h'
nj idOkh lrkak'
uq,ska u § we;s f;dr;=re we;=<;a lr o< rEm igykla w`Èuq'
P

Q S R
idOkh:
PQS ;%sfldaKfha" QS mdoh R f;la Èla lsÍu ksid" hkq PQS ;%sfldaKfhys
ndysr fldaKhls'

ˆ ksid )
ˆ = SPR
( PQS

kuq;a ^noaO fldaK&

^m%;HlaI u.ska&

87
ksoiqk 2
A
rEm igyfka oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj
nj idOkh lrkak'

D
> E

B > C

hkq ADE ;%sfldaKfhys ndysr fldaKhla ksid

ˆ
DEC
yd tlu fldaK jk w;r

tneúka"

8'2 wNHdih

1' § we;s rEmfha kï nj idOkh lsÍu i`oyd my; § we;s

ysia;eka iïmQ¾K lrkak'
A
E
F
C
D B
idOkh: FBC hkq DBF ;s%fldaKfhys ndysr fldaKhla ksid

kuq;a
yd (..........)
∴

;j o CEF hkq AEF∆ ys ndysr fldaKhla ksid

(..........)
∴

88
 A B
>

2' rEmfha oelafjk AB yd CD f¾Ld tlsfklg iudka;r fõ' E

nj idOkh lrkak'

C > D

P
3' rEmfha oelafjk yd RcqfldaK fõ' QRT S
tlu ir, f¾Ldjla kï" nj idOkh
lrkak'
Q R T

C
a

4' rEmfha oelafjk mßÈ AB yd CD ir, f¾Ld E ys

§ tlsfkl fþokh fõ' § we;s f;dr;=re wkqj E a
A B
a = 2x nj fmkajkak' 3x

x
D

P

5' § we;s rEmfha o o fõ' §
we;s o;a; wkqj nj fmkajkak'
T Q R S
^b`.sh( f,i .kak&

6' PQR ;%sfldaKfha PQg ,ïnj RS o PRg ,ïnj QT o we;' SR yd QT, U ys §

tlsfkl fþokh fõ' nj idOkh lrkak'

7' ABC ;%sfldaKfha BC mdoh E f;la Èla lr ;sfí' D jk fia;a CE mdoh

D ys § yuq jk fia AD we`o we;s w;r fõ'
(i) nj
(ii) nj
idOkh lrkak'

89
 8'3 ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK iïnkaO m%fïhh
A
ABC ;%sfldaKfha wNHka;r fldaK " yd fõ'
x
fuu fldaK ;=fka w.hkaf.a tl;=j 180 la nj wms oksuq'
th m%fïhhla f,i fufia oelafõ'

B C

m%fïhh: ´kEu ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ;=fkys tl;=j RcqfldaK

folls'

tkï by; rEmhg wod< j 180

by; m%fïhh fhdod .ksñka .eg¨ úi`ok whqre i,ld n,uq'

ksoiqk 1
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj" ys w.h fidhkak'
A
60x

C ACB = 180° − 100°

40x
B

ksoiqk 2
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re Ndú;fhka x ys w.h fidhkak'
;%sfldaKfha wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 180x neúka"
2x

x 30x


90
 ksoiqk 3
AB yd CD ir, f¾Ld E ys § tlsfkl fþokh fõ' yd
kï ys w.h fidhkak'
uq,ska u" § we;s f;dr;=re we;=<;a rEmh w`Èkak'
C
55x
A
70x E

35x

D
rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj"
ADE ;%sfldaKfha"

= 180x ^;%sfldaK wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j&

+ 35x + 70x = 180x
∴ = 180x – 105x

= 75x
kuq;a = ^m%;suqL fldaK&
∴ = 75 x

oeka" BEC ;%sfldaKfha"

= 180x ^;%sfldaK wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j&

= 180x – ^75x + 55x&
= 180x – 130x

= 50x

ksoiqk 4
wNHka;r fldaK 55x" 60x iy 75x jk ;%sfldaKhla mej;sh yels oehs kS¾Kh lrkak'
§ we;s fldaK ;=fka tl;=j = 55x + 60x + 75x

= 190x
´kEu ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK tl;=j 180xla úh hq;= hs' by; fldaK ;=fka
tl;=j 180xg wiudk ksid" § we;s fldaK wNHka;r fldaK jk ;%sfldaKhla mej;sh
fkdyels h'
91
8'3 wNHdih

1' my; oelafjk tla tla rEm igyk weiqfrka" tu rEm igykg my<ska olajd
we;s tla tla fldaKfha úYd,;ajh fidhkak'
(i) A (ii) X (iii) A > 65x P B
70x
40x

C
55x
B Y P Q 70x S
Z 55x >

Q R
Q
2' my; oelafjk tla tla rEmfha wd{d; u.ska oelafjk fldaKj, w.h fidhkak'
(i) 80x (ii) p (iii)
a + 10°

a − 30° 2a
x 40x p
110x

(iv) p (v) (vi) 105x > d c

55x 30x

>
45x
35x
65x q 50x n m 70x
> >
3' my; oelafjk tla tla fldgfia § we;s tla tla fldaK ;%s;ajh wNHka;r fldaK
jk ;%sfldaKhla mej;sh yels oehs ks¾Kh lrkak'
(i) 50x" 40x" 90x (ii) 70x" 30x" 75x (iii) 55x" 72x" 58x
(iv) 60x" 60x" 60x (v) 100x" 20x" 65x (vi) 53x" 49x" 78x
4' ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK 2 : 3 : 4 wkqmd;hg mj;S' tys tla tla fldaKfha
úYd,;ajh fidhkak'
5' ;%sfldaKhl úYd,u fldaKfha w.h" l=vdu fldaKfha w.h fuka ;=ka .=Khla o"
b;sß fldaKfha w.h" l=vdu fldaKfha w.h fuka fo.=Khla o fõ' ;%sfldaKfha
fldaK fjk fjk u fidhkak'
8'4 ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh RcqfldaK folla fõ
hk m%fïhfhys úêu;a idOkh yd tys Ndú;

92
zz´kEu ;%sfldaKhl wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh RcqfldaK folla fõZZ hk m%fïhfha"
úêu;a idOkh my; oelafõ'
A
E

>

>
B C D

o;a;h : ABC ;%%sfldaKhls

id'l'hq' : = 180x nj
ks¾udKh: BC mdoh D f;la Èla lsÍu iy BAg iudka;r jk fia CE we`§u
idOkh : ^wkqrEm fldaK" BA//CE& 
^tAldka;r fldaK" BA//CE& 
 yd  ka


iólrKfha fomigu tl;= l< úg"

= 180x ^BCD ir, f¾Ldj u; msysá fldaK&
∴ = 180x

ksoiqk 1
A

rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj nj D

idOkh lrkak'
BDC ;%%sfldaKfha" B C
= 90x ^§ we;&
;j o = 180x ^;%sfldaK wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j&
90x + = 180x
= 180x – 90x
= 90x 

oeka ABC ;%%sfldaKfha"

= 90x ^§ we;&
kuq;a = ksid
93
 = 90x 
 yd  iólrK folu 90 g iudk ksid
x

fomiska wvqlsÍfuka

ksoiqk 2
PQRS p;=ri%fha PS yd QR mdo tlsfklg iudka;r fõ' P yd Q wNHka;r fldaKj,
iuÉfþol O ys § yuq fõ' RcqfldaKhla nj idOkh lrkak'
uq,ska u wod< rEmigyk w`Èuq'
Q

P
>
O
>

S R
idOkh : PS//QR ksid
= 180x ^ñ;% fldaK&
fomi 2ka fn§fuka
^m%;HlaI&

ys iuÉfþolh PO o ys iuÉfþolh QO o jk neúka"

1 o
2
1
2 o fõ'
= 90x
oeka" POQ ;%sfldaKfha"
= 180x ^wNHka;r fldaKj, tl;=j&
+ 90x = 180x

∴ = 90x
∴ RcqfldaKhls'

94
oeka idOkh lsÍfï .eg¨ we;=<;a my; wNHdifha fhfokak'

8'4 wNHdih
A D
1' § we;s rEmfha fõ' nj idOkh
lrkak' P

C
A B

2' § we;s rEmfha fõ'

nj idOkh lrkak'
D C
B

B
3' § we;s rEmfha oelafjk ABCD p;=ri%fha AC
úl¾Kfhka yd iuÉfþokh ù A
we;' nj idOkh lrkak' C

4' § we;s rEmfha AB yd CD, iudka;r ir, f¾Ld fõ' A Q

> B
yd fldaKj, iuÉfþol O ys § yuq
fõ' O

C > D
R
(i) ys w.h fidhkak
(ii) RcqfldaKsl ;%sfldaKhla nj S
idOkh lrkak'
D
A
5' § we;s rEmfha oelafjk f;dr;=re wkqj"
E
(i) ys w.h a weiqfrka ,shd olajkak'
(ii) ys w.h a weiqfrka olajkak'
a
(iii) nj fmkajkak' a
B C

95
6' ABC ;%sfldaKfha fõ' ys iuÉfþolh BC mdoh D ys § yuq fõ'
(i) ys w.h fidhkak'
(ii) ABD RcqfldaKsl ;%sfldaKhla nj idOkh lrkak'

ñY% wNHdih
1' ABC ;%sfldaKfha = yd = kï ;%sfldaKfha tla tla
fldaKfha w.h fjk fjk u fidhkak'

2' ABC ;%sfldaKfha ys w.h 100xls' yd wNHka;r fldaKj,

iuÉfþol O ys § yuq fõ' ys w.h fidhkak'
A P
3' rEmfha oelafjk ABC ;%sfldaKfha BA mdohg ,ïnj A a
ys § we`È f¾Ldj" ys iuÉfþolh P ys § yuq fõ'
nj idOkh lrkak'
45x x
45 y
B C

4' ABC ;%sfldaKfha fõ' ys iuÉfþolhg BC mdoh E ys § yuq

fõ' Èla l< AE u; D msysgd we;af;a AD ⊥ BD jk mßÈ h' ys iuÉfþolh
BC nj idOkh lrkak'
^bÕsh = x yd = 2a f,i .kak&

5' ABC ;%sfldaKfha BC mdohg iudka;rj A yryd PQ f¾Ldj we`o we;' ABC
;%sfldaKfha wNHka;r fldaK ftlHh 180xla nj idOkh lrkak'

96