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How To Prevent Water Hammer?

Water hammer occurs when water flow stops suddenly in pipes, causing pressure surges. There are active and passive ways to prevent water hammer. [1] Active methods require additional power and include variable frequency drives, soft starters, and slow-closing valves to gradually decrease flow. [2] Passive methods do not require power and include air chambers, surge tanks, and air inlet valves to absorb pressure changes. Surge tanks and air chambers connect to pipes and release water or air to balance pressure drops.

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Ahmed El Morsy
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86 views

How To Prevent Water Hammer?

Water hammer occurs when water flow stops suddenly in pipes, causing pressure surges. There are active and passive ways to prevent water hammer. [1] Active methods require additional power and include variable frequency drives, soft starters, and slow-closing valves to gradually decrease flow. [2] Passive methods do not require power and include air chambers, surge tanks, and air inlet valves to absorb pressure changes. Surge tanks and air chambers connect to pipes and release water or air to balance pressure drops.

Uploaded by

Ahmed El Morsy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Hammer

How to prevent water


hammer?
Active protection (needs
additional power supply)
• Variable frequency drives
(VFD):an electric control that
changes the impeller speed to
control flow
• Soft starters: low down flow
when stopping pumps
• Slow-closing valve: slowly
decrease the flow of the fluid
instead of closing the valve fast,
long process for long pipes
Passive Protection (operates without
additional power supply)
• Standard air chamber are connected to
the pipes and filled with liquid and
compressed air. When the pressure
drops, the air is discharged into the pipe
helping to slow down flow.
• Bladder air chamber contains a bladder
with compressed air and is airtight to
prevent mixing with fluid
• Surge tower is a tank containing water
that connects to the pipe to reduce
subpressures that occur in the pipes. It
is open to the atmosphere and has
potential energy stored in height. When
the pipe stops the tower releases water
into the pipe to balance out the low
pressure.
• Air inlet valves put where subpressurce
can occur in pipe and the valves allow
air to enter the pipe when the pressure
falls. A release valve is present to
prevent air pockets.

Surge Tank
Function of Surge
Tanks
Surge Relief Valve
A Surge Relief Valve is a device
that, once the pressure head at
its connection with the pipeline
point exceeds a certain preset
value, opens to discharge water
to the atmosphere. Thus, the
transformation of pressure energy
(generated by water hammer in
the system) into kinetic energy is
achieved in order to provide relief
from high pressure surges.
Air chamber
• is a vessel having
compressed air at
its top and having
liquid in its lower
part

Mechanical Water Arrestors


Mechanical water arrestors could be
an alternative way to install air
chambers in places where air
chambers are impractical.

Arrestors are sealed units with a


spring and air bladder to absorb the
water movement, and mitigating the
water hammer effect. They are the
preferred alternative in commercial
buildings and when used for high
water pressure applications.
Mechanical water arrestors do not
need to be recharged like air
chambers, but they will need to
replaced after their life cycle has been
reached. Some codes have eliminated
air chambers in favor of mechanical
devices.

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