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PDA Test Report Observations

The document discusses the test procedure and results of a dynamic pile load test. It describes the test equipment used, input parameters, hammer details, calculations to check impulse requirements are met, output data from PDA and CAPWAP analyses including soil resistance values, displacements, and verification of pile integrity.

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Venkat Palli
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219 views5 pages

PDA Test Report Observations

The document discusses the test procedure and results of a dynamic pile load test. It describes the test equipment used, input parameters, hammer details, calculations to check impulse requirements are met, output data from PDA and CAPWAP analyses including soil resistance values, displacements, and verification of pile integrity.

Uploaded by

Venkat Palli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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OBSERVATIONS ON TEST PROCEDURE OF PDA TEST REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE CONTRACTOR

(REFERENCE: PAIRA BRIDGE- PILE P20-5 DYNAMICPILE LOAD TEST REPORT )

1. TEST EQUIPMENT DEPLOYED


PDA Monitor
2nos smart transcducers
2nos piezoelectric Acceleometers
440 KN steel gravity hammer

2. INPUT DATA for PDA instrument

a) Pile Dia and C/s Area


b) Pile length
c) Type of material and E value
d) Soil type

3. HAMMER DETAILS
a) Pile test load 1.5X design load =1.5*21000=31500 KN
b) Hammer weight shall be 1.5 ~2.0 % of pile test load =1.5/100*31500= 473 KN
c) Hammer drop in the range of 1~2.0 m
d) In the test Hammer weight 440 KN and drop 2.25 m applied
Pile Hammer Impulse force calculation

Impulse Generated (Ig) > Impulse required (Ir)

Pile ultimate Load Pu=31500KN

Length of pile=L=110 m

Weight of pile=Wp=13500 KN

=Weight of hammer=Wh=440 KN

Drop height=H=2.25 m

=Pile weight/Hammer weight=13500/440=30.68 Adjustment FactorFrom VIBRATION


PROBLEM IN ENGINEERING BY TIMOSHENKO AND YOUNG)

circular natural frequencyk..C/L

C=wave speed=4000 m/sec

L=110m ; Coefficient k=0.5 for concrete

= 27.72

Impulse required Ir=Pu.L/(K..C) 31500/27.72= 1155 KN-s

Imulse generated=Fg= F.t=[Wh.sqrt(2.g.H)]* 

t=time period=2L/C=2*110/4000=0.055 sec ( wave equation graphs)

=efficiency= 0.6(Hammer efficiency)

Impulse generated=Ig=F.t=(440)*sqrt(2*9.81*2.25 )*0.6=1754 KN-sec

Ig>Ir safe.

Impulse generated is more than Imulse required, hence safe.

Force generated= F=1754/0.055=35080 KN. 31500 KN, safe


4. OUTPUT DATA from PDA instrument and CAPWAP analysis

a) There are two methods of testing Dynamic Pile Monitoring and Dynamic Load Testing;
both are covered by ASTM D4945.

b) Pile Driving Monitoring consists of using a PDA to perform real time evaluation of Case
Method capacity, energy transfer, and driving stresses and pile integrity for every blow.

c) Over the PDA screen two graphs are genertated.


d) The impact induces a force F and a particle velocity V at the top of the foundation.

e) Curev 1: Maxiumum total resistance at top of pile generated due to impact . When
hammer or drop weight strikes the top of a foundation, a compressive stress wave
travels down its shaft at a speed “C”, which is a function of the elastic modulus “E” and
mass density ”m”. Hammer weight and drop height to be modified till required
resistance value achieved(31150 KN).

f) The force is computed by multiplying the measured signals from a pair of strain
transducers attached near the top of the pile by the pile area and modules.

g) Curve 2: Velocity measurement is obtained by integrating signals from a pair of


accelerometers attached near the top of the pile.

As long as the wave travels in one direction, force and velocity are proportional:
F = Z*V,
Where: Z = EA/C is the pile impedance
E is the pile material modulus of elasticity
A is the cross sectional area of the pile
C is the material wave speed at which the wave front travels
Both curves at first peak must be similar/proportional, otherwise test to be repeated
and equipment to be verified.

h) Maximum compression stresses at the pile top come directly from the measurements.
The measurements also allow direct computation of the compression stress at the pile
toe and the tension stresses along the shaft.

i) Measurements for early tension returns (caused by pile damage) prior to the reflection
from the pile toe; lack of such reflections assures a pile with no defects.

j) Dynamic Load Testing involves another technique that evolved from Smith’s approach of
modelling the wave propagation theory of pile driving, the Case Pile Wave Analysis
Program (CAPWAP®).

k) CAPWAP combines field measurements (obtained with the PDA) and wave-equation
type analytical procedures to predict soil behaviour including static-load capacity, soil
resistance distribution, pile soil load transfer characteristics, soil damping and quake
values, and pile load versus movement plots (e.g. a simulated static load test). CAPWAP
analysis is made on the PDA data after the test is complete.
Results observed in CAPWAP based on soil model.
5. CAPWAP analysis

CAPWAP® (Case Pile Wave Analysis) is a signal matching or reverse analysis program for
piles using the wave equation theory. In this analysis, the PDA measured force and velocity
trace are matched with the calculated forces and velocities based on the Smith model of
mass, springs and dashpots. It models the ground reactions (both skin and toe) as elasto-
plastic spring and a linear dashpot. In radiation damping model, an additional dashpot is
inserted for the toe to take into account the movement of the surrounding soil. Therefore,
the soil model can be described by ultimate resistance, quake and viscous damping factor.
The total resistance is the sum of the displacement (quake) dependant static resistance and
the viscous velocity dependant dynamic resistance. Smith quake and damping factors are
assumed to be soil type dependant and can be estimated by load tests or perform CAPWAP®
analysis by using the PDA monitoring data.
6. RESULTS

PDA
1) Total Resistance, Maximum energy, maximum hit force integrity of pile based on
Impedance factor, maximum top displacement, final displacement, maximum compressive
stress in pile, tensile stress in pile if any.

CAPWAP
2) Above total resistance and velocity values are used as input for CAPWAP along with other
input data. The output values of PDA are validated based on smith damping factor, quake
values in a rigorous analysis by soil model analysis done later. In addition Force breakup
values, settlements, quake values received as output.
However final results are
Maximum striking force=38147 KN
Observed total resistance = 34036 KN
Total friction =19309 KN
Total end bearing =14727 KN
Top maximum deflection during impact=3.48 mm
Elastic deflection of pile material= 1.8 mm
Final tip displacement=1.75 mm
Quality factor 2.1
Integrity factor=1.0
Wave speed=4200 m/sec
Integrity/Quality of concrete is good as (Beta factor) Integrity factor =1
From the static load O-cell test results, for the load of 34 MN, total settlement would be
14 mm. Hence safe.

********************************************************************

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