Determinant, Cramer’s rule & Business applications

1. Solve the following system of linear equations by Cramer’s rule:

(i) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = −3 (ii) 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6 (iii) 2x  3y  2z  5
2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = −8 4𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = −1
4𝑥 − 𝑧 = −14 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −20
x  2 y  3z  2
4x  y  4z  1
(v) 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 3 (vi) 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 20
(iii) 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 𝑧 = −12 𝑦+𝑧 =2
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 30
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 11𝑧 = 46 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =4
5𝑥 + 4𝑧 = 5 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 =0

2. A salesman has the following record of sales during three months for three items A, B
and C which have different rates of commission:

Months Sales of units Total commission

A B C drawn(Tk.)
January 90 100 20 800
February 130 50 40 900
March 60 100 30 850

Find out the rates of commission on the items A, B and C.

3. The following table shows the record of machine hours in machines M1, M2 and M3 for
making per units of three parts of computer.
Machine hours required
Product
M1 M2 M3
Printer 1 0 1
Hard disk 0 1 2
Motherboard 2 3 0
Total Available hours 160 80 200
Find out the number of units of each part with the available machine hours.

3
4. A woman invested different amounts at 8%, 84 % and 9%, all at simple interest.
Altogether she invested Rs. 40,000 and earns Rs. 3,455 per year. How much does she
have invested at each rate if she has Rs. 4,000 more invested at 9% than at 8%? Solve by
using Cramer’s rule.
5. The cost of 2kg. of wheat and 1kg. of sugar is Rs. 7. The cost of 1kg. wheat and 1kg. of
rice is Rs. 7. The cost of 3kg. of wheat, 2kg. of sugar and 1kg. of rice is Rs. 17. Find the
cost of each per kg., using Cramer’s rule.
6. A company produces three products everyday. The total production on a certain day is 45
tons. It is found that the production of the third product exceeds the production of the first
product by 8 tons while the total production of the first and third product is twice the
production of second product. Determine the production level of each product by using
Cramer’s rule.

Limit and Continuity

1. Examine the continuity of the following function at 𝑥 = 2

2−𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1
−2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 2
2
2. Examine the continuity of the following function at 𝑥 = 2.
2
𝑓(𝑥) = {4𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 < 𝑥 < 2
3𝑥 + 4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 2
3. Examine the continuity of the following function at 𝑥 = 1 and at 𝑥 = 2

𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 1
2−𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
𝑓(𝑥) = { 1 2
−2 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 > 2
2
4. Examine the continuity of the following function at x  1 and x  2
 5 x  4, when 0  x  1

f ( x)  4 x 2  3x, when 1  x  2
 3x  4, when x  2

5. Examine the continuity of the following function at x=0

 1
1  2 x, when  2  x  0
 1
f ( x )   1  2 x, when 0  x 
 2
 1  2 x , 1
when x 
 2
6. Examine the continuity of the following function at x  1 and x  2
 𝑥2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 < 𝑥 < 1
𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2
𝑓(𝑥) = {
1 3
𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 2 ≤ 𝑥 < 3
4
7. Examine the continuity of the following function at x  1
𝑥 2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 < 1
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2.5 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1
2 − 𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 1
3
8. Examine the continuity of the following function at 𝑥 = 0 and at 𝑥 = 2
3
3 + 2𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 − ≤ 𝑥 < 0
2
3
𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 2𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 0 ≤ 𝑥 <
2
3
{ −3 − 2𝑥 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 ≥ 2

Differentiation and it’s business applications

dy
1. Determine of the following functions:
dx
(i) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
𝑥
(ii) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
(iii) 𝑦 = (1 + 𝑥)𝑥
(iv) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑛𝑥
2
(v) 𝑦 = 𝑥1+𝑥+𝑥
(vi) 𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
−1
(vii) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
(viii) 𝑦 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑙𝑛𝑥
(ix) y  (sin x) log x  sin 2 (cos 1 x)
−1
(x) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥
(xi) 𝑦 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
(xii) 3𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 𝑦 + 2𝑦 3 = 0
(xiii) 𝑥4 + 𝑥2𝑦2 + 𝑦4 = 0
(xiv) 𝑥 = 𝑦𝑙𝑛(𝑥𝑦)
(xv) 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦
(xvi) 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑦𝑥
(xvii) 𝑥𝑦𝑦𝑥 = 1
(xviii) 𝑙𝑛(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
(xix) x 2  y 2  sin( xy)

2. Define the term Elasticity of Demand. If the total cost C of making x tones of a product is
𝐶 = 0.00005𝑥 3 − 0.06𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 20000. Find the marginal cost at 1000 tones output
and find the level of output at which the marginal cost is Rs. 0.40 per ton.

3. Given the demand function 𝑞 = 165 − 3𝑝 − 2𝑝2 find the elasticity of demand at the
price 𝑝 = 5. Interpret the result
4. The total cost and total revenue of a firm are given by 𝐶 = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 + 11 and
𝑅 = 83𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 − 21. Find the output (i) when the revenue is maximum, (ii) when the
profit is maximum.
1
5. The total cost function of a firm is 𝐶 = 3 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 28𝑥 + 10 where 𝑥 is the output. A
tax at Tk. 2 per unit of output is imposed and the producer adds to his cost. If the market
demand function is given by 𝑝 = 2530 − 5𝑥, where Tk. p is the price per unit of output,
find the profit maximizing output and price.

6. For producing 𝑥 unit of a commodity, a cost function is assumed to be 𝐶(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 −

45𝑥 2 + 600𝑥 + 500. Compute the volume of the output for which the cost will be
minimum. Find the minimum amount of cost of production.

7. For the cost function 𝐶 = 2000 + 1800𝑥 − 75𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 find when the total cost is
increasing and when it is decreasing. Also discuss the behavior of the marginal cost.

8. A firm produces 𝑥 tones of output at a total cost 𝐶 = (101𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 + 10𝑥 + 5). At

what level of output will the marginal cost and the average variable cost attain their
respective minimum?

9. Find the absolute (global) maximum and minimum values of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 5 −
3
25𝑥 3 + 60𝑥 + 15 in the interval [− 2 , 3].

10. For producing 𝑥 unit of a commodity, a profit function is assumed to be

𝑃(𝑥) = −𝑥 3 + 57𝑥 2 − 315𝑥 − 2000. Compute the volume of the output for which the
cost will be maximum. Find the maximum profit.

11. Find the profit maximizing output for the following revenue and cost functions 𝑅(𝑥) =
1000𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 ; 𝐶(𝑥) = 2000 + 1315𝑥 − 59𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 .
12. Let the cost function of a firm be given by the equation 𝐶 = 500 + 600𝑥 − 45𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 .
Where x is the output. If the price of the commodity is Tk.225 , find the quantity of
output which will maximize the profit.

13. A telephone company has a profit of Rs. 2 per telephone when the number of telephones
in the exchange is not over 10,000. The profit per telephone decreases by 0.01 paisa for
each telephone over 10,000. What is the maximum profit?

14. For some firm, the number of units produced when using 𝑥 units of labour and 𝑦 units of
1 4
capital is given by the production function (𝑥, 𝑦) = 1000𝑥 5 𝑦 5 . Find (i) the equations for
both marginal productivities. (ii) Evaluate and interpret the results when 243 units of
labour and 32 units of capital are used.

Integration and it’s business applications

1. Find the integral:
(i) ∫(3𝑥 −1 + 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑒 𝑥 + 8)𝑑𝑥
(ii) ∫(5𝑥 −2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 −1 + 7𝑥)𝑑𝑥.
(iii) ∫(1 − 3𝑥)(1 + 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
(iv) ∫(2𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥

𝑥−5
2. The elasticity of demand with respect to price p for a commodity is , 𝑥 > 5 when the
𝑥
demand is 𝑥. Find the demand function if the price is 2 when demand is 7. Also find the
revenue function.

3. The elasticity of demand with respect to price for a commodity is a constant and is equal
to 2. Find the demand function and hence the total revenue function, given that when the
price is 1, the demand is 4. Also find the revenue function.

4. The marginal cost and marginal revenue with respect to a commodity of a firm are given
by 𝐶 ′ (𝑥) = 4 + 0.08𝑥 and 𝑅 ′ (𝑥) = 12. Find the maximum profit, given that the total
cost at zero output is zero.

5. The marginal cost 𝐶 ′ (𝑥) and marginal revenue 𝑅 ′ (𝑥) with respect to a commodity of a
𝑥
firm are given by 𝐶 ′ (𝑥) = 20 + 20 and 𝑅 ′ (𝑥) = 30. The fixed cost is 200. Find the
maximum profit.
6. The marginal cost of producing 𝑥 shoes of a company is given by 6 + 10𝑥 − 6𝑥 2 . If the
total
cost of a pair of shoes is Tk. 400, find the total cost and average cost of producing 𝑥
shoes of
that company.

7. The marginal cost function of a firm is given by 𝑀𝐶 = 3000. 𝑒 0.3𝑥 + 50, where 𝑥 is the
output. Obtain the total cost function of the firm under the assumption that its fixed cost
Tk.80000.