NEET

(National Eligibility cum Entrance Test)

2017
Physics
1. Two blocks A and B of masses 4. The resistance of a wire is R ohm. If it is
3m and m respectively are melted and stretched to n times its original
connected by a massless and length, its new resistance will be
inextensible string. The whole (a) nR (b)
R
system is suspended by a A 3m
n
massless spring as shown in B m R
(c) n2 R (d)
figure. The magnitudes of n2
acceleration of A and B immediately after the
5. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The
string is cut, are respectively
g g
battery is removed and another identical
(a) g , (b) ,g uncharged capacitor is connected in
3 3
g g parallel. The total electrostatic energy of
(c) g , g (d) , resulting system
3 3
(a) increases by a factor of 4
2. The acceleration due to gravity at a height (b) decreases by a factor of 2
1 km above the earth is the same as at a (c) remains the same
depth d below the surface of earth. Then (d) increases by a factor of 2
1
(a) d = km (b) d = 1km 6. Two rods A and B of different materials are
2
3 welded together as shown in figure. Their
(c) d = km (d) d = 2 km thermal conductivities are K 1 and K2 . The
2
thermal conductivity of the composite rod
3. A particle executes linear simple harmonic will be
motion with an amplitude of 3 cm. When the
particle is at 2 cm from the mean position, A K1
the magnitude of its velocity is equal to that T1 T2
of its acceleration. Then, its time period in K2
B
seconds is
5 5 d
(a) (b)
π 2π
4π 2π K1 + K 2 3(K1 + K 2 )
(c) (d) (a) (b)
5 3 2 2
(c) K1 + K 2 (d) 2(K1 + K 2 )
 7. The two nearest harmonics of a tube closed 12. The photoelectric threshold wavelength of
at one end and open at other end are 220 Hz silver is 3250 × 10 −10 m. The velocity of the
and 260 Hz. What is the fundamental electron ejected from a silver surface by
frequency of the system? ultraviolet light of wavelength
(a) 10 Hz (b) 20 Hz (c) 30 Hz (d) 40 Hz 2536 × 10 −10 m is (Given, h = 4.14 × 10 −15
8. The bulk modulus of a spherical object is B. eVs and c = 3 × 10 8 ms −1)
If it is subjected to uniform pressure p, the (a) ≈ 6 × 105 ms −1 (b) ≈ 0.6 × 106 ms −1
fractional decrease in radius is (c) ≈ 61 × 10 ms 3 −1
(d) ≈ 0.3 × 106 ms −1
p B 3p p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
B 3p B 3B 13. Radioactive material A has decay constant
8λ and material B has decay constant λ.
9. A physical quantity of the dimensions of Initially, they have same number of nuclei.
length that can be formed out of c, G and
After what time, the ratio of number of
e2 1
is [c is velocity of light, G is universal nuclei of material B to that A will be ?
4πε 0 e
constant of gravitation and e is charge] (a)
1
(b)
1
1  e2 
1/ 2
 e2 
1/ 2
λ 7λ
(a) 2 G  (b) c 2 G  1 1
c  4 πε0   4πε0 
(c) (d)
8λ 9λ
1/ 2
1  e2  1 e2
(c)   (d) G 14. A rope is wound around a hollow cylinder of
c 2  G 4 πε0  c 4 πε0 mass 3 kg and radius 40 cm. What is the
angular acceleration of the cylinder, if the
10. Figure shows a circuit that contains three
rope is pulled with a force of 30 N?
identical resistors with resistance R = 9.0 Ω
each, two identical inductors with (a) 25 m/s 2 (b) 0.25 rad/s 2
(c) 25 rad/s 2 (d) 5 m/s 2
inductance L = 2 .0 mH each, and an ideal
battery with emf ε = 18 V. The current i 15. Two cars moving in opposite directions
through the battery just after the switch approach each other with speed of 22 m/s
closed is and 16.5 m/s respectively. The driver of the
first car blows a horn having a frequency
L R R
400 Hz. The frequency heard by the driver of
+
ε – the second car is [velocity of sound 340 m/s]
R L C (a) 350 Hz (b) 361 Hz
(c) 411 Hz (d) 448 Hz
(a) 2 mA (b) 0.2 A 16. A 250-turn rectangular coil of length 2.1 cm
(c) 2 A (d) 0 A and width 1.25 cm carries a current of 85 µA
11. One end of the string of length l is connected and subjected to a magnetic field of strength
to a particle of mass m and the other end is 0.85 T. Work done for rotating the coil by
connected to a small peg on a smooth 180° against the torque is
horizontal table. If the particle moves in (a) 9.1 µJ (b) 4.55 µJ
circle with speed v, the net force on the (c) 2.3 µJ (d) 1.5 µJ
particle (directed towards center) will be 17. A long solenoid of diameter 0.1 m has 2 × 10 4
(T represents the tension in the string)
turns per metre. At the centre of the
mv 2
(a) T (b) T + solenoid, a coil of 100 turns and radius
l 0.01 m is placed with its axis coinciding
mv 2 with the solenoid axis. The current in the
(c) T − (d) Zero
l solenoid reduces at a constant rate to 0 A
 from 4 A in 0.05 s. If the resistance of the coil 23. Thermodynamic processes are indicated in
is 10 π2 Ω, the total charge flowing through the following diagram
the coil during this time is P
(a) 32 π µC (b) 16 µC
(c) 32 µC (d) 16π µC IV
f
I III
18. Suppose the charge of a proton and an
electron differ slightly. One of them is −e and II f
f 700 K
the other is (e + ∆e). If the net of electrostatic f 500 K
force and gravitational force between two 300 K
hydrogen atoms placed at a distance d (much V
greater than atomic size) apart is zero, then Match the following :
∆e is of the order [Given mass of hydrogen, Column-I Column-II
mh = 1.67 × 10 −27 kg] P. Process I a. Adiabatic
(a) 10−20 C (b) 10−23 C Q. Process II b. Isobaric
−37
(c) 10 C (d) 10−47 C R. Process III c. Isochoric
S. Process IV d. Isothermal
19. Two astronauts are floating in gravitational
(a) P → a, Q → c, R → d, S → b
free space after having lost contact with their (b) P → c, Q → a, R → d, S → b
spaceship. The two will (c) P → c, Q → d, R → b, S → a
(a) keep floating at the same distance between (d) P → d, Q → b, R → a, S → c
them
(b) move towards each other 24. A U tube with both ends open to the
(c) move away from each other atmosphere, is partially filled with water.
(d) will become stationary Oil, which is immiscible with water, is
poured into one side until it stands at a
20. The ratio of wavelengths of the last line of distance of 10 mm above the water level on
Balmer series and the last line of Lyman the other side. Meanwhile the water rises by
series is 65 mm from its original level (see diagram).
(a) 2 (b) 1 The density of the oil is
(c) 4 (d) 0.5 Pa Pa
F
21. The de-Broglie wavelength of a neutron in A
10 mm
thermal equilibrium with heavy water at a E Final water level
temperature T (Kelvin) and mass m, is 65 mm
Oil D Initial water level
h h
(a) (b) 65 mm
mkT 3mkT
2h 2h B C
(c) (d)
3mkT mkT Water

22. A thin prism having refracting angle 10° is

(a) 650 kg m−3 (b) 425 kg m−3
made of glass of refractive index 1.42. This −3
prism is combined with another thin prism (c) 800 k g m (d) 928 kg m−3
of glass of refractive index 1.7. This 25. A spring of force constant k is cut into
combination produces dispersion without lengths of ratio 1 : 2 : 3. They are connected
deviation. The refracting angle of second in series and the new force constant is k ′. If
prism should be they are connected in parallel and force
(a) 4° (b) 6° constant is k ′ ′, then k ′ : k ′ ′ is
(c) 8° (d) 10° (a) 1 : 6 (b) 1 : 9 (c) 1 : 11 (d) 1 : 14
26. Which of the following statements are 31. An arrangement of three B d C
correct? parallel straight wires 90°
1. Centre of mass of a body always placed perpendicular to
coincides with the centre of gravity of plane of paper carrying d
the body. same current I along the
2. Centre of mass of a body is the point at same direction is shown
which the total gravitational torque on in figure. Magnitude of A
the body is zero. force per unit length on the middle wire B is
given by
3. A couple on a body produce both
µ0 i2 2µ 0 i 2 2µ 0 i 2 µ0 i2
translational and rotational motion in a (a) (b) (c) (d)
body. 2 πd πd πd 2 πd
4. Mechanical advantage greater than one 32. The x and y coordinates of the particle at any
means that small effort can be used to time are x = 5t − 2t2 and y = 10 t
lift a large load.
respectively, where x and y are in metres and
(a) (2) and (4) (b) (1) and (2)
t in seconds. The acceleration of the particle
(c) (2) and (3) (d) (3) and (4)
at t = 2 s is
27. A beam of light from a source L is incident (a) 0 (b) 5 m/s 2 (c) −4 m/s 2 (d) −8 m/s 2
normally on a plane mirror fixed at a certain
distance x from the source. The beam is 33. The ratio of resolving powers of an optical
reflected back as a spot on a scale placed just microscope for two wavelengths
above the source L. When the mirror is λ 1 = 4000 Å and λ 2 = 6000 Å is
rotated through a small angle θ, the spot of (a) 8 : 27 (b) 9 : 4 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 16 : 81
the light is found to move through a distance 34. Preeti reached the metro station and found
y on the scale. The angle θ is given by that the escalator was not working. She
y y x x
(a) (b) (c) (d) walked up the stationary escalator in time t 1.
2x x 2y y
On other days, if she remains stationary on
28. A gas mixture consists of 2 moles of O2 and the moving escalator, then the escalator
4 moles of Ar at temperature T. Neglecting takes her up in time t2 . The time taken by her
all vibrational modes, the total internal to walk up on the moving escalator will be
t1 + t 2 t 1t 2 t 1t 2
energy of the system is (a) (b) (c) (d) t 1 − t 2
2 t 2 − t1 t 2 + t1
(a) 4RT (b) 15RT (c) 9RT (d) 11RT
29. Consider a drop of rain water having mass 35. A spherical black body with a radius of
1 g falling from a height of 1 km. It hits the 12 cm radiates 450 watt power at 500 K. If
ground with a speed of 50 m/s. Take g the radius were halved and the temperature
constant with a value of 10 m/s2 . The work doubled, the power radiated in watt would
done by the (i) gravitational force and the (ii) be
resistive force of air is (a) 225 (b) 450 (c) 1000 (d) 1800
(a) (i) −10 J, (ii) − 8.25 J (b) (i) 1.25 J, (ii) − 8.25 J 36. A potentiometer is an accurate and versatile
(c) (i) 100 J, (ii) 8.75 J (d) (i) .10 J, (ii) − 875 . J device to make electrical measurement of
1 EMF because the method involves
30. A Carnot engine having an efficiency of
10 (a) cells
as heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If the (b) potential gradients
work done on the system is 10 J, the amount (c) a condition of no current flow through the
of energy absorbed from the reservoir at galvanometer
lower temperature is (d) a combination of cells, galvanometer and
resistances
(a) 1 J (b) 90 J (c) 99 J (d) 100 J
37. The given electrical network is equivalent to 42. Two polaroids P1 and P2 are placed with
A Y their axis perpendicular to each other.
B Unpolarised light I 0 is incident on P1. A third
polaroid P3 is kept in between P1 and P2 such
(a) AND gate (b) OR gate that its axis makes an angle 45° with that of
(c) NOR gate (d) NOT gate P1. The intensity of transmitted light through
38. In a common emitter transistor amplifier, P2 is
the audio signal voltage across the collector I0 I0
(a) (b)
is 3 V. The resistance of collector is 3 kΩ. If 2 4
current gain is 100 and the base resistance is I I
(c) 0 (d) 0
2 kΩ, the voltage and power gain of the 8 16
amplifier is 43. In an electromagnetic wave in free space the
(a) 200 and 1000 (b) 15 and 200 root mean square value of the electric field is
(c) 150 and 15000 (d) 20 and 2000 E rms = 6 V/m. The peak value of the magnetic
39. Two discs of same moment of inertia field is
rotating about their regular axis passing (a) 1.41 × 10−8 T (b) 2.83 × 10−8 T
through centre and perpendicular to the (c) 0.70 × 10−8 T (d) 4.23 × 10−8 T
plane of disc with angular velocities ω 1 and
44. If θ 1 and θ2 be the apparent angles of dip
ω2 . They are brought into contact face to face
coinciding the axis of rotation. The observed in two vertical planes at right
expression for loss of energy during this angles to each other, then the true angle of
process is dip θ is given by
1 1 (a) cot 2 θ = cot 2 θ1 + cot 2 θ2
(a) I(ω1 + ω2 )2 (b) I(ω1 − ω2 )2
2 4 (b) tan2 θ = tan2 θ1 + tan2 θ2
I
(c) I(ω1 − ω2 ) 2
(d) (ω1 − ω2 )2 (c) cot 2 θ = cot 2 θ1 − cot 2 θ2
8
(d) tan2 θ = tan2 θ1 − tan2 θ2
40. Young’s double slit experiment is first
performed in air and then in a medium other 45. The diagrams below show regions of
than air. It is found that 8th bright fringe in equipotentials.
the medium lies where 5th dark fringe lies in 40 V
20 V 40 V 20 V 40 V 10 V 30 V 20 V
air. The refractive index of the medium is
nearly A B A B A B A B
(a) 1.25 (b) 1.59 (c) 1.69 (d) 1.78
10 V 30 V 10 V 30 V 10 V
41. Which one of the following represents 20 V 40 V 30 V
(iii) (iv)
forward bias diode?
R –2 V A positive charge is moved from A to B in
(a) 0V each diagram.
R –3 V (a) Maximum work is required to move q in
(b) –4V figure (iii)
R +2 V
(b) In all the four cases, the work done is the same
(c) –2V (c) Minimum work is required to move q in figure (i)
R (d) Maximum work is required to move q in
(d) 3V 5V
figure (ii)
 Chemistry
1. The reason for greater range of oxidation (Given that :
states in actinoids is attributed to SrCO3 ( s) q SrO( s ) + CO 2 ( g ),
(a) the radioactive nature of actinoids K p = 16
. atm)
(b) actinoid contraction
(a) 5 L (b) 10 L (c) 4 L (d) 2 L
(c) 5 f, 6d and 7s levels having comparable energies
(d) 4f and 5d levels being close in energies 7. Predict the correct intermediate and product
in the following reaction.
2. An example of a sigma bonded
H O, H SO
organometallic compound is H3C C ≡≡ CH  2  
2


4
→
HgSO 4
(a) ruthenocene (b) Grignard’s reagent
Intermediate → Product
(c) ferrocene (d) cobaltocene ( A) (B )

3. Which one is the wrong statement? (a) A =H3C  C == CH2 ; B =H3C  C CH3
 
h
(a) de-Broglie’s wavelength is given by λ = , SO 4 O
mv
where m = mass of the particle, (b) A = H3C  C == CH2 ; B =H3C  C == CH2
v = group velocity of the particle  
(b) The uncertainty principle is ∆E × ∆t ≥ h / 4π OH SO 4
(c) Half-filled and fully filled orbitals have greater (c) A = H3C  C CH3 ; B =H3C  C ≡≡ CH
stability due to greater exchange energy, 
greater symmetry and more balanced O
arrangement
(d) A = H3C  C == CH2 ; B =H3C  C CH3
(d) The energy of 2s-orbital is less than the energy  
of 2 p-orbital in case of hydrogen like atoms OH O
4. Mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol acts 8. Which of the following is a sink for CO ?
as (a) Haemoglobin
(a) aanalgesic (b) antiseptic (b) Microorganisms present in the soil
(c) antipyretic (d) antibiotic (c) Oceans
(d) Plants
5. The element Z = 114 has been discovered
9. Which of the following reactions is appropriate
recently. It will belong to which of the
following family/group and electronic for converting acetamide to methanamine?
configuration? (a) Carbylamine reaction
14 10 2 5 (b) Hofmann hypobromamide reaction
(a) Halogen family, [Rn] 5f 6d 7s 7 p
(c) Stephens reaction
(b) Carbon family, [Rn] 5f14 6d 10 7 s 2 7 p2
(d) Gabriels phthalimide synthesis
(c) Oxygen family, [Rn] 5f14 6d 10 7 s 2 7 p4
10. The species, having bond angles of 120° is
(d) Nitrogen family, [Rn] 5f14 6d 10 7 s 2 7 p6
(a) PH3 (b) ClF3 (c) NCl 3 (d) BCl 3
6. A 20 litre container at 400 K contains CO2 ( g ) 11. The correct order of the stoichiometrics of
at pressure 0.4 atm and an excess of SrO AgCl formed when AgNO3 in excess is
(neglect the volume of solid SrO). The treated with the complexes: CoCl3 ⋅ 6NH3 ,
volume of the container is now decreased by CoCl3 ⋅ 5NH3 , CoCl3 ⋅ 4NH3 respectively is
moving the movable piston fitted in the
container. The maximum volume of the (a) 1 AgCl, 3 AgCl, 2 AgCl
(b) 3 AgCl, 1 AgCl, 2 AgCl
container, when pressure of CO2 attains its
(c) 3 AgCl, 2 AgCl, 1 AgCl
maximum value, when pressure of CO2
(d) 2 AgCl, 3 AgCl, 1 AgCl
attains its maximum value, will be
 . kJ mol −1 and
12. For a given reaction, ∆H = 355 15. Which one of the following statements is not
−1 −1
∆S = 836
. JK mol . The reaction is correct?
spontaneous at : (Assume that ∆H and ∆S do (a) Catalyst does not initiate any reaction
not vary with temperature) (b) The value of equilibrium constant is changed in
the presence of a catalyst in the reaction
(a) T < 425 K (b) T > 425 K
equilibrium
(c) all temperatures (d) T > 298 K
(c) Enzymes catalyse mainly biochemical reaction
13. Match the interhalogen compounds of (d) Coenzymes increase the catalytic activity of
Column I with the geometry in Column II enzyme
and assign the correct code. 16. Name the gas that can readily decolourise
Column I Column II acidified KMnO 4 solution.
A. XX ′ (i) T- shape (a) CO 2 (b) SO 2 (c) NO 2 (d) P2O 5
B. XX ′ 3 (ii) Pentagonal bipyramidal 17. The correct increasing order of basic
C. XX ′ 5 (iii) Linear strength for the following compounds is
D. XX ′ 7 (iv) Square-pyramidal NH2 NH2 NH2
(v) Tetrahedral

Code
A B C D
NO2 CH3
(a) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(I) (II) (III)
(b) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)
(c) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii) (a) II < III < I (b) III < I < II
(d) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i) (c) III < II < I (d) II < I < III
14. Identify A and predict the type of reaction,s 18. If molality of the dilute solution is doubled,
OCH3 the value of molal depression constant ( K f )
will be
NaNH2 (a) doubled (b) halved (c) tripled (d) unchanged
A
Br 19. Of the following which is the product
OCH3 formed when cyclohexanone undergoes
aldol condensation followed by heating?
(a) and substitution reaction O
NH2
(a) (b)
OCH3
NH2 O
OH
(b) and elimination addition reaction

(c) (d)
OCH3
Br OH O O
(c) and cine substitution reaction
20. The equilibrium constants of the following
OCH3 are
N 2 + 3H 2 q 2NH 3; K1
N 2 + O 2 q 2NO; K2
(d) and cine substitution reaction
1
H 2 + O 2 → H 2O; K 3
2
 The equilibrium constant (K) of the reaction 26. Correct increasing order for the wavelengths
5 K of absorption in the visible region for the
2NH3 + O2 q 2NO + 3H2O, will be complexes of CO3+ is
2
(a) [Co(en)3 ]3+ , [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ , [Co(H2O)6 ]3+
(a) K1K 33 / K 2 (b) K 2 K 33 / K1
(b) [Co(H2O)6 ]3+ , [Co(en)3 ]3+ , [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+
(c) K 2 K 3 / K1 (d) K 23 K 3 / K1
(c) [Co(H2O)6 ]3+ , [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ , [Co(en)3 ]3+
21. The correct statement regarding (d) [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ , [Co(en)3 ]3+ , [Co(H2O)6 ]3+
electrophile is
(a) Electrophile is a negatively charge species and 27. Pick out the correct statement with respect
can form a bond by accepting a pair of to [Mn(CN) 6]3 − .
electrons from a nucleophile (a) It is sp3d 2 hybridised and octahedral
(b) Electrophile is a negatively charged species
(b) It is sp3d 2 hybridised and tetrahedral
and can form a bond by accepting a pair of
electrons from another electrophile (c) It is d 2 sp3 hybridised and octahedral
(c) Electrophiles are generally neutral species and (d) It is dsp2 hybridised and square planar
can form a bond by accepting a pair of
electrons from a nucleophile 28. With respect to the conformers of ethane,
(d) Electrophile can be either neutral or positively which of the following statements is true?
charged species and can form a bond by (a) Bond angle remains same but bond length
accepting a pair of electrons from a nucleophile changes
(b) Bond angle changes but bond length remains
22. A gas is allowed to expand in a well same
insulated container against a constant (c) Both bond angle and bond length change
external pressure of 2.5 atm from an initial (d) Both bond angles and bond length remain
volume of 2.50 L to a final volume of 4.50 L. same
The change in internal energy ∆U of the gas
in joules will be 29. Which of the following is dependent on
(a) 1136.25 J (b) − 500 J temperature?
(c) − 505 J (d) + 505 J (a) Molality (b) Molarity
(c) Mole fraction (d) Weight percentage
23. Which of the following pairs of compounds
is isoelectronic and isostructural ? 30. Which of the following statements is not
(a) BeCl 2 , XeF2 (b) TeI2 , XeF2 correct?
(c) IBr2− ,XeF2 (d) IF3 , XeF2 (a) Insulin maintains sugar level in the blood of a
human body
24. Which is the incorrect statement? (b) Ovalbumin is a simple food reserve in egg
(a) FeO 0.98 has non-stoichiometric metal deficiency white
defect (c) Blood proteins thrombin and fibrinogen are
(b) Density decreases in case of crystals with involved in blood clotting
Schottky’s defect (d) Denaturation makes the proteins more active
(c) NaCl(s ) is insulator, silicon is semiconductor,
silver is conductor, quartz is piezoelectric 31. The IUPAC name of the compound
crystal O
O
(d) Frenkel defect is favoured in those ionic
H C
compounds in which sizes of cation and anions
are almost equal is ......... .

25. The heating of phenyl-methyl ethers with HI

(a) 3-keto-2-methylhex-4-enal
produces.
(b) 5-formylhex-2-en-3-one
(a) ethyl chlorides (b) iodobenzene (c) 5-methyl-4-oxohex-2-en-5-al
(c) phenol (d) benzene (d) 3-keto-2-methylhex-5-enal
32. HgCl2 and I2 both when dissolved in water 38. Ionic mobility of which of the following
− alkali metal ions is lowest when aqueous
containing I ions the pair of species formed
is solution of their salts are put under an
electric field?
(a) HgI2 , I−3 (b) HgI2 , I−
(c) HgI24 − , I3− (d) Hg 2I2 , I− (a) Na (b) K
(c) Rb (d) Li
33. It is because inability of ns2 electrons of the
39. Consider the reactions,
valence shell to participate in bonding that
(a) Sn 2+ 4+
is reducing while Pb is oxidising Cu [Ag(NH3)2]+
X A Silver mirror observed
(b) Sn2+ is oxidising while Pb 4+ is reducing (C2H6O)
573 K –OH D
(c) Sn2+ and Pb 2+ are both oxidising and reducing –OH, D
Y
(d) Sn4+ is reducing while Pb 4+ is oxidising O
34. Mechanism of a hypothetical reaction NH2 NH C NH2
X2 + Y2 → 2 XY is given below Z
(i) X2 q X + X (fast)
Identify A, X , Y and Z
(ii) X + Y2 → XY + Y (slow)
(a) A-methoxymethane, X-ethanoic acid,
(iii) X + Y → XY (fast) Y-acetate ion, Z-hydrazine
The overall order of the reaction will be (b) A-methoxymethane, X-ethanol, Y-ethanoic acid,
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 1.5 Z-semicarbazide
(c) A-ethanal, X-Acetaldelyde, Y-but-2-enal,
35. Concentration of the Ag + ions in a saturated Z-semicarbazone
solution of Ag 2C 2O 4 is 2.2 × 10 −4 mol −1 (d) A-ethanol, X-acetaldehyde, Y-butanone,
Z-hydrazone
solubility product of Ag 2C 2O 4 is
(a) 2.42 × 10−8
40. In which pair of ions both the species
contain S S bond?
(b) 2.66 × 10−12
(a) S2O 27 − , S2O 23 −
(c) 4.5 × 10−11
(d) 5.3 × 10−12 (b) S4O 26 − , S2O 23 −
(c) S2O 27 − , S2O 28 −
36. Extraction of gold and silver involves
leaching with CN − ion. Silver is later (d) S4O 26 − , S2O 27 −
recovered by 41. Which one is the most acidic compound?
(a) liquation OH OH
(b) distillation
(c) zone refining
(d) displacement with Zn (a) (b)

37. Which one is the correct order of acidity?

CH3
(a) CH2 == CH2 > CH3  CH == CH2
> CH3  C ≡≡ CH > CH ≡≡ CH OH OH
(b) CH ≡≡ CH > CH3 C ≡≡ CH >CH2 == CH2 > O2N NO2
CH3 CH3 (c) (d)
(c) CH ≡≡ CH > CH2 == CH2 > CH3  C ≡≡ CH >
CH3 CH3
NO2 NO2
(d) CH3  CH3 > CH2 == CH2 > CH3  C ≡≡ CH >
CH ≡≡ CH
42. In the electrochemical cell 43. A first order reaction has a specific reaction
Zn||ZnSO 4 (0.01 M)||CuSO 4(1.0M) Cu, the rate of 10 −2 s −1. How much time will it take
emf of this Daniel cell is E 1. When the for 20 g of the reactant to reduce to 5 g?
concentration ZnSO 4 is changed to 1.0 M and (a) 238.6 s (b) 138.6 s (c) 346.5 s (d) 693.0 s
that of CuSO 4 changed to 0.01 M, the emf 44. The most suitable method of separation of
changes to E2 . From the followings, which 1 : 1 mixture of ortho and para-nitrophenols
one is the relationship between E 1 and E 2? is
RT
( Given, = 0.059) (a) sublimation (b) chromatography
F (c) crystallisation (d) steam distillation
(a) E1 = E2
(b) E1 < E2 45. Which one of the following pairs of species
(c) E1 > E2 have the same bond order?
(d) E2 = 0 ≠ E1 (a) CO, NO (b) O 2 , NO + (c) CN− , CO (d) N2 , O −2

Biology
1. Which one of the following statements is 5. Which among the following are the smallest
correct, with reference to enzymes? living cells, known without a definite cell
(a) Apoenzyme = Holoenzyme + Coenzyme wall, pathogenic to plants as well as animals
(b) Holoenzyme = Apoenzyme + Coenzyme and can survive without oxygen ?
(c) Coenzyme = Apoenzyme + Holoenzyme (a) Bacillus
(d) Holoenzyme = Coenzyme + Cofactor (b) Pseudomonas
2. Which cells of ‘Crypts of Lieberkuhn’ secrete (c) Mycoplasma
antibacterial lysozyme ? (d) Nostoc
(a) Argentaffin cells 6. Which one from those given below is the
(b) Paneth cells period of Mendel’s hybridisation
(c) Zymogen cells experiments?
(d) Kupffer cells
(a) 1856 - 1863
3. Phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is the primary (b) 1840 - 1850
CO2 acceptor in (c) 1857 - 1869
(a) C 3 -plants (b) C 4 -plants (d) 1870 - 1877
(c) C 2 -plants (d) C 3 and C 4 -plants
7. Flowers, which have single ovule in the
4. Match the following sexually transmitted ovary and are packed into inflorescence are
diseases (Column - I) with their causative usually pollinated by
agent (Column - II) and select the correct (a) water
option. (b) bee
Column I Column II (c) wind
(A) Gonorrhea (i) HIV (d) bat
(B) Syphilis (ii) Neisseria
(C) Genital Warts (iii) Treponema 8. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is
(D) AIDS (iv) Human Papilloma Virus
obtained, when
(a) The value of ‘r’ approaches zero
Codes (b) K = N
A B C D A B C D
(c) K > N
(a) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (b) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)
(d) K < N
(c) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (d) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)
 9. Out of ‘X’ pairs of ribs in humans only ‘Y ’ 15. Which of the following are found in extreme
pairs are true ribs. Select the option that saline conditions?
correctly represents values of X and Y and (a) Archaebacteria (b) Eubacteria
provides their explanation. (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Mycobacteria

(a) X = 12, Y = 7 True ribs are attached dorsally to 16. Receptor sites for neurotransmitters are
vertebral column and ventrally to present on
the sternum.
(a) membrances of synaptic vesicles
(b) X = 12, Y = 5 True ribs are attached dorsally to (b) pre-synaptic membrane
vertebral column and sternum on (c) tips of axons
the two ends. (d) post-synaptic membrane
(c) X = 24, Y = 7 True ribs are dorsally attached to
vertebral column, but are free on 17. Artificial selection to obtain cows yielding
ventral side. high milk output represents
(d) X = 24, Y = 12 True ribs are dorsally attached to (a) stabilising selection as it stabilises this
vertebral column, but are free on character in the population
ventral side. (b) directional as it pushes the mean of the
character in one direction
10. MALT constitutes about ................. per cent (c) disruptive as it splits the population into two,
of the lymphoid tissue in human body. one yielding higher output and the other lower
(a) 50% (b) 20% output
(c) 70% (d) 10% (d) stabilising followed by disruptive as stabilises
the population of produce higher yielding cows
11. Homozygous purelines in cattle can be
obtained by 18. The hepatic portal vein drains blood to liver
(a) mating of related individuals of same breed
from
(b) mating of unrelated individuals of same breed (a) heart (b) stomach (c) kidneys (d) intestine
(c) mating of individuals of different breed 19. The water potential of pure water is
(d) mating of individuals of different species
(a) zero
12. Among the following characters, which one (b) less than zero
was not considered by Mendel in his (c) more than zero, but less than one
experiments on pea? (d) more than one
(a) Stem – Tall or Dwarf 20. Which of the following represents order of
(b) Trichomes – Glandular or Non-glandular ‘Horse’?
(c) Seed – Green or Yellow
(a) Equidae (b) Perissodactyla
(d) Pod – Inflated or Constricted
(c) Caballus (d) Ferus
13. Which of the following cell organelles is
21. Alexander von Humbolt described for the
responsible for extracting energy from
first time
carbohydrates to form ATP?
(a) ecological biodiversity
(a) Lysosome (b) Ribosome
(b) law of limiting factor
(c) Chloroplast (d) Mitochondrion
(c) species area relationships
14. If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes (d) population growth equation
for a protein with 333 amino acids and the 22. DNA fragments are
base at position 901 is deleted such that the
(a) positively charged
length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how
(b) negatively charged
many codons will be altered ?
(c) neutral
(a) 1 (b) 11 (d) either positively or negatively charged
(c) 33 (d) 333 depending on their size
23. A baby boy aged two years is admitted to Codes
play school and passes through a dental (a) Only (IV)
check-up. The dentist observed that the boy (b) Only (I)
had twenty teeth. Which teeth were absent? (c) (I), (III) and (IV)
(a) Incisors (b) Canines (d) (II) and (III)
(c) Premolars (d) Molars 29. Lungs are made up of air-filled sacs, the
24. Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) is a alveoli. They do not collapse even after
protein degradation machinery necessary for forceful expiration, because of
proper mitosis of animals cells. It APC is (a) Residual Volume (RV)
defective in a human cells, which of the (b) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
following is expected to occur? (c) Tidal Volume (TV)
(a) Chromosomes will not condense (d) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
(b) Chromosomes will be fragmented 30. Zygotic meiosis is characteristic of
(c) Chromosomes will not segregate
(a) Marchantia
(d) Recombination of chromosome arms will occur
(b) Fucus
25. An important characteristic that (c) Funaria
hemichordates share with chordates is (d) Chlamydomonas
(a) absence of notochord
(b) ventral tubular nerve cord 31. Select the correct route for the passage of
(c) pharynx with gill slits sperms in male frogs.
(d) pharynx without gill slits (a) Testes → Bidder’s canal → Kidney → Vasa
efferentia → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
26. The genotypes of a husband and wife are (b) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Seminal
I AI B and I Ai. Among the blood types of their vesicle → Urinogential duct → Cloaca
children, how many different genotypes
(c) Test → Vasa efferentia → Bidder’s canal →
and phenotypes are possible ? Ureter → Cloaca
(a) 3 genotypes ; 3 phenotypes
(d) Testes → Vasa efferentia → Kidney → Bidder’s
(b) 3 genotypes ; 4 phenotypes canal → Urinogenital duct → Cloaca
(c) 4 genotypes ; 3 phenotypes
(d) 4 genotypes ; 4 phenotypes 32. Which one of the following statements is not
valid for aerosols ?
27. Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often (a) They are harmful to human health
due to non-acceptance by the patient’s (b) They alter rainfall and monsoon patterns
body. Which type of immune-response is (c) They cause increased agricultural productivity
responsible for such rejections ? (d) They have negative impact on agricultural land
(a) Autoimmune response
(b) Cell-mediated immune response 33. Viroids differ from viruses in having
(c) Hormonal immune response (a) DNA molecules with protein coat
(d) Physiological immune response (b) DNA molecules without protein coat
(c) RNA molecules with protein coat
28. Adult human RBCs are enucleate. Which of (d) RNA molecules without protein coat
the following statement(s) is/are most
appropriate explanation for this feature? 34. During DNA replication, Okazaki fragments
(I) They do not need to reproduce. are used to elongate
(II) They are somatic cells. (a) The leading strand towards replication fork
(b) The lagging strand towards replication fork
(III) They do not metabolise.
(c) The leading strand away from replication fork
(IV) All their internal space is available for (d) The lagging strand away from the replication
oxygen transport. fork
35. Plants, which produce characteristic 42. The function of copper ions in copper
pneumatophores and show vivipary releasing IUD’s is
belong to (a) they suppress sperm motility and fertilising
(a) mesophytes capacity of sperms
(b) halophytes (b) they inhibit gametogenesis
(c) psammophytes (c) they make uterus unsuitable for implantation
(d) hydrophytes (d) they inhibit ovulation

36. The process of separation and purification 43. An example of colonial alga is
of expressed protein before marketing is (a) Chlorella (b) Volvox
called (c) Ulothrix (d) Spirogyra
(a) upstream processing
(b) downstream processing
44. Root hairs develop from the region of
(c) bioprocessing (a) maturation (b) elongation
(d) postproduction processing (c) root cap (d) meristematic activity

37. Identify the wrong statement in context of 45. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults
heartwood. does not cause further increase in height
(a) Organic compounds are deposited in it because
(b) It is highly durable (a) growth hormone becomes inactive in adults
(c) It conducts water and minerals efficiently (b) epiphyseal plates close after adolescence
(d) It comprises dead elements with highly (c) bones loose their sensitivity to growth hormone
lignified walls in adults
(d) muscle fibres do not grow in size after birth
38. Spliceosomes are not found in cells of
(a) plants (b) fungi 46. Which of the following in sewage treatment
(c) animals (d) bacteria
removes suspended solids ?
(a) Tertiary treatment (b) Secondary treatment
39. Which of the following statements is (c) Primary treatment (d) Sludge treatment
correct?
(a) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is 47. Select the mismatch.
impermeable to water (a) Pinus Dioecious
(b) The descending limb of loop of Henle is (b) Cycas Dioecious
impermeable to water
(c) Salvinia Heterosporous
(c) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is
permeable to water (d) Equisetum Homosporous
(d) The descending limb of loop of Henle is
permeable to electrolytes
48. What is the criterion for DNA fragments
movement on agarose gel during gel
40. Which ecosystem has the maximum electrophoresis ?
biomass? (a) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves
(a) Forest ecosystem (b) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it
(b) Grassland ecosystem moves
(c) Pond ecosystem (c) Positively charged fragments move to farther end
(d) Lake ecosystem (d) Negatively charged fragments do not move
41. The final proof for DNA as the genetic 49. In Bougainvillea thorns are the modifications
material came from the experiments of of
(a) Griffith (a) stipules
(b) Hershey and Chase (b) adventitious root
(c) Avery, Macleod and McCarty (c) stem
(d) Hargobind Khorana (d) leaf
50. The association of histone H1 with a 58. Which among these is the correct
nucleosome indicates combination of aquatic mammals ?
(a) transcription is occurring (a) Seals, Dolphins, Sharks
(b) DNA replication is occurring (b) Dolphins, Seals, Trygon
(c) the DNA is condensed into chromatin fibre (c) Whales, Dolphines, Seals
(d) the DNA double helix is exposed (d) Trygon, Whales, Seals

51. A temporary endocrine gland in the human 59. Coconut fruit is a

body is (a) drupe (b) berry (c) nut (d) capsule
(a) pineal gland (b) corpus cardiacum 60. Double fertilisation is exhibited by
(c) corpus luteum (d) corpus allatum (a) gymnosperms (b) algae
52. Select the mismatch. (c) fungi (d) angiosperms

(a) Frankia Alnus 61. Which of the following components

(b) Rhodospirillum Mycorrhiza provides sticky character to the bacterial
cell ?
(c) Anabaena Nitrogen fixer
(a) Cell wall
(d) Rhizobium Alfa-fa
(b) Nuclear membrane
(c) Plasma membrane
53. GnRH, a hypothalamic hormone, needed in (d) Glycocalyx
reproduction, acts on
(a) anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion
62. Life cycle of Ectocarpus and Fucus
of LH and oxytocin respectively are
(b) anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion (a) Haplontic, Diplontic
of LH and FSH (b) Diplontic, Haplodiplontic
(c) posterior pituitary gland and stimulates (c) Haplodiplontic, Diplontic
secretion of oxytocin and FSH (d) Haplodiplontic, Haplontic
(d) posterior pituitary gland and stimulates
secretion of LH and relaxin 63. Which one of the following is related to
Ex-situ conservation of threatened animals
54. A gene, whose expression helps to identify and plants?
transformed cells is known as (a) Wildlife Safari parks
(a) selectable marker (b) vector (b) Biodiversity hotspots
(c) plasmid (d) structural gene (c) Amazon rainforest
(d) Himalayan region
55. Presence of plants arranged into well
defined vertical layers depending on their 64. Good vision depends on adequate intake of
height can best seen best in carotene rich food.
(a) tropical savannah (b) tropical rain forest Select the best option from the following
(c) grassland (d) temperate forest statements.
56. Functional megaspore in an angiosperm I. Vitamin-A derivatives are formed from
develops into carotene.
(a) ovule (b) endosperm II. The photopigments are embedded in the
(c) embryo sac (d) embryo membrane discs of the inner segment.
57. DNA replication in bacteria occurs III. Retinal is a derivative of vitamin-A.
(a) during S-phase IV. Retinal is a light absorbing part of all the
(b) within nucleolus visual photopigments.
(c) prior to fission (a) (I) and (II) (b) (I), (III) and (IV)
(d) just before transcription (c) (I) and (III) (d) (II), (III) and (IV)
65. Thalassemia and sickle-cell anaemia are 72. A decrease in blood pressure/volume will
caused due to a problem in globin molecule not cause the release of
synthesis. Select the correct statement. (a) renin
(a) Both are due to a qualitative defect in global (b) atrial natriuretic factor
chain synthesis (c) aldosterone
(b) Both are due to a quantitative defect in globin (d) ADH
chain synthesis 73. A dioecious flowering plant prevents both
(c) Thalassemia is due to less synthesis of globin (a) autogamy and xenogamy
molecules (b) autogamy and geitonogamy
(d) Sickle-cells anaemia is due to a quantitative (c) geitonogamy and xenogamy
problem of globin molecules (d) cleistogamy and xenogamy
66. Which of the following are not polymeric ? 74. Which of the following facilitates opening of
(a) Nucleic acid (b) Proteins stomatal aperture ?
(c) Polysaccharides (d) Lipids (a) Contraction of outer wall of guard cells
67. A disease caused by an autosomal primary (b) Decrease in turgidity of guard cells
non-disjunction is (c) Radial orientation of cellulose microfibrils in the
cell wall of guard cells
(a) Down’s syndrome
(d) Longitudinal orientation of cellulose microfibrils
(b) klinefelter’s syndrome
in the cell wall of guard cells
(c) Turner’s syndrome
(d) Sickle-cell anemia 75. The DNA fragments separated on an agarose
gel can be visualised after staining with
68. With reference to factors affecting the rate of
(a) bromophenol blue (b) acetocarmine
photosynthesis, which of the following
statements is not correct? (c) aniline blue (d) ethidium bromide
(a) Light saturation for CO 2 -fixation occurs at 10% 76. Which statement is wrong for Krebs’ cycle?
of full sunlight (a) There are three points in the cycle where NAD+
(b) Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration is reduced to NADH + H+
upto 0.05% can enhance CO 2 -fixation rate (b) There is one point in the cycle where FAD + is
(c) C 3 plants respond to higher temperature with reduced to FADH2
enhanced photosynthesis, while C 4 -plants have (c) During conversion of succinyl Co-A to succinic
much lower temperature optimum acid, a molecule of GTP is synthesised
(d) Tomato is a greenhouse crop, which can be (d) The cycle starts with condensation of acetyl
grown in CO 2 -enriched atmosphere for higher group (acetyl Co-A) with pyruvic acid to yield
yield citric acid
69. Fruit and leaf drop at early stages can be 77. Mycorrhizae are the example of
prevented by the application of (a) fungistasis (b) amensalism
(a) cytokinins (b) ethylene (c) antibiosis (d) mutualism
(c) auxins (d) gibberellic acid
78. The pivot joint between atlas and axis is a
70. The region of biosphere reserve, which is type of
legally protected and where no human (a) fibrous joint (b) cartilaginous joint
activity is allowed is known as (c) synovial joint (d) saddle joint
(a) core zone (b) buffer zone
(c) transition zone (d) restoration zone
79. Which of the following is correctly matched
for the product produced by them?
71. In case of poriferans, the spongocoel is lined (a) Acetobacter aceti: Antibiotics
with flagellated cells called (b) Methanobacterium : Lactic acid
(a) ostia (b) oscula (c) Penicillium notatum : Acetic acid
(c) choanocytes (d) mesenchymal cells (d) Saccharomyces cerevisiae : Ethanol
80. Frog’s heart when taken out of the body 85. In case of a couple, where the male is having a
continues to beat for sometime. very low sperm count, which technique will
Select the best option from the following be suitable for fertilisation ?
statements. (a) Intrauterine Transfer
I. Frog is a poikilotherm. (b) Gamete intracytoplasmic Fallopian Transfer
(c) Artificial Insemination
II. Frog does not have any coronary
(d) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
circulation.
III. Heart is “myogenic” in nature. 86. Which of the following RNAs should be most
IV. Heart is autoexcitable. abundant in animals cell?
(a) Only III (a) rRNA (b) tRNA
(b) Only IV (c) mRNA (d) miRNA
(c) I and II 87. The vascular cambium normal gives rise to
(d) III and IV
(a) phelloderm (b) primary phloem
81. Myelin sheath is produced by (c) secondary xylem (d) periderm
(a) Schwann cells and Oligodendrocytes 88. Which of the following options gives the
(b) Astrocytes and Schwann cells correct sequences of events during mitosis ?
(c) Oligodendrocytes and Osteoclasts
(a) Condensation → nuclear membrane disassembly
(d) Osteoclasts and Astrocytes → crossing over → segregation → telophase
82. Capacitation occurs in (b) Condensation → nuclear membrane
disassembly → arrangement at equator →
(a) rete testis
centromere disivion → segregation → telophase
(b) epididymis
(c) Condensation → crossing over → nuclear
(c) vas deferens
membrane disassembly → segregation →
(d) female reproductive tract
telophase
83. The morphological nature of the edible (d) Condensation → arrangement at equator →
part of coconut is centromere division → segregation → telophase
(a) perisperm 89. Which of the following options best represents
(b) cotyledon enzyme composition of pancreatic juice?
(c) endosperm
(a) Amylase, peptidase, trypsinogen, rennin
(d) pericarp
(b) Amylase, pepsin, trypsinogen, maltase
84. Which of the following is made up of dead (c) Peptidase, amylase, pepsin, rennin
cells? (d) Lipase, amylase, trypsinogen,
(a) Xylem parenchyma procarboxypeptidase
(b) Collenchyma 90. Attractants and rewards are required for
(c) Phellem
(a) anemophily (b) entomophily
(d) Phloem
(c) hydrophily (d) cleistogamy
 Answers with Solutions
Physics
1. (b) Initially system, is in equilibrium with a total Given, when h = 1 km, g d = g h
weight of 4mg over spring.  d  2 h
or g 1 −  = g 1 − 
 R  R
kx ⇒ d = 2h
(3m+m)
or d = 2 km
A 3m 3. (c) Thinking Process Magnitude of velocity of particle
Cutting
4 mg plane when it is at displacement x from mean position
B m =ω A 2 − x2
∴ kx = 4 mg Also, magnitude of acceleration of particle in SHM
When string is cut at the location as shown above. = ω2 x
Free body diagram for m is Given, when x = 2 cm
m | v| = | a |
⇒ ω A2 − x2 = ω2 x
mg
A2 − x2
⇒ ω=
So,force on mass m = mg x
∴ Acceleration of mass, m = g 9 −4
=
For mass 3m; free body diagram is 2
kx=4mg 5
⇒ Angular velocity ω =
2
a 3m ∴ Time period of motion
2π 4π
T= = s
3 mg ω 5
If a = acceleration of block of mass 3m, then 4. (c) Thinking Process Volume of material remains same
in stretching.
Fnet = 4 mg − 3 mg
As volume remains same,
⇒ 3m ⋅ aA = mg
A1l1 = A2 l2
g
or aA = Now, given l2 = nl1
3 Al A
So, accelerations for blocks A and B are ∴ New area A2 = 1 1 = 1
l2 n
g
aA = and aB = g Resistance of wire after stretching
3
l
2. (d) Thinking Process g h = Acceleration due to gravity at R2 = ρ 2
height h above earth’s surface A2
2 nl1
 R  = ρ⋅
=g  
 R + h A1 / n
 l 
= g  1 −
2h
 = ρ 1  ⋅ n2 = n2 ⋅ R
 R  A1 
g d = Acceleration at depth d below earth’s surface
  l1  
= g  1 − 
d
Q R = ρ A  
 R  1 
5. (d) Thinking Process Energy stored in a system of On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get
capacitors {(2 n + 1) − (2 n − 1)} v
1 = 260 − 220
=Σ CV 2 4l
2
 v v
Also, potential drop remains same in parallel across 2   = 40 ⇒ = 20 Hz
both capacitors.  4l 4l
∴ Fundamental frequency of the system
Initially stored energy v
1 = = 20 Hz
U1 = CV 2 4l
2 8. (d) The object is spherical and the bulk modulus is
Finally, potential drop across represented by B. It is the ratio of normal stress to
each capacitor will be still V. the volumetric strain.
So, finally stored energy + – F /A
Hence B=
1 1 V ∆V / V
U2 = CV 2 + CV 2
2 2 ∆V p ∆V p
⇒ = ⇒ =
1 V B V B
= (2C ) V 2
2 ∆V
Here p is applied pressure on the object and is
1 
= 2  CV 2  = 2U1 V
2  volume strain
6. (a) In parallel arrangement of n rods Fractional decreases in volume
Equivalent thermal conductivity is given by ∆V ∆R 4
⇒ =3 [Q V = πR3 ]
K A + K2 A2 + K + K nAn V R 3
K eq = 1 1 Volume of the sphere decreases due to the
A1 + A2 + K + An
decrease in its radius.
If rods are of same area, then ∆V 3 ∆R p ∆R p
Hence = = ⇒ =
K + K2 + K + K n V R B R 3B
K eq = 1
n e2
9. (a) As force F =
Now, in the question, it is not given that rods are 4πε0 r 2
of same area. But we can judge that from given
e2
diagram. ⇒ = r2 ⋅ F
∴ Equivalent thermal conductivity of the system 4πε0
of two rods Putting dimensions of r and F, we get,
K + K2  e2 
⇒ K eq = 1 ⇒ 3 −2
2 4πε  = [ML T ] ...(i)
 0
7. (b) Thinking Process Frequency of nth harmonic in an
closed end tube Gm2
Also, force, F = 2
(2 n − 1) v r
⇒ f = n = 1, 2, 3, K
4l [MLT −2 ] [L2 ]
Also, only odd harmonics exists in a closed end ⇒ [G] =
tube. [M2 ]
⇒ [G] = [M −1L3 T −2 ] ...(ii)
Now, given two nearest harmonics are of
1 1
frequency 220 Hz and 260 Hz. and = = [L−2 T2 ] ...(iii)
 c2  [L2 T −2 ]
(2 n − 1) v
∴ = 220 Hz ...(i) Now, checking optionwise,
4l
1/ 2
Next harmonic occurs at 1  Ge2 
=  
(2 n + 1) v c2  4 πε0 
= 260 Hz ...(ii)
4l = [L−2 T2 ] [L6 T −4 ]1/2 = [L]
10. (*) No option is matching. Let, velocity of ejected electron be v.
Thinking Process Just after switch is closed, Now, applying Einstein’s photoelectric equation,
inductor acts like an open switch (open path) and
we have
capacitor acts like a closed switch (closed path)
because in D.C. circuit inductive resistance E = K + φ0
becomes zero. 1
⇒ hν = mev2 + hν0
Just after switch is closed, given circuit is 2
equivalent to the circuit shown below. 1 1 1
⇒ mev2 = hν − hν0 = hc  − 
2  λ λ0 
R
+ 2 hc  1 1
– R ⇒ Velocity of electron v =  − 
R
me  λ λ 0 

2 × 4.14 × 10 −15
× 1.6 × 10 −19 × 3 × 108  3250 − 2536 
=  
9.1 × 10 −31  3250 × 2536 
⇒ + R R
–
= 0.6 × 106 ms −1 = 6 × 105 ms −1
13. (b) Let initial number of nuclei in A and B is N 0 .
So, equivalent resistor Number of nuclei of A after time t is
R 9
= = ohms N A = N 0 e−8λt ...(i)
2 2
Similarly, number of nuclei of A after time t is
Battery emf, V = 18 volts
V 18 × 2 N B = N 0 e− λt ...(ii)
∴ Current in circuit = = =4 A
R 9 It is given that
11. (a) Consider the string of length l connected to a NA 1
particle as shown in the figure. = [Q N B > N A]
NB e
peg particle
v Now, from Eqs. (i) and (ii),
l e −8 λt 1
=
Speed of the particle is v. As the particle is in e− λt e
uniform circular motion, net force on the particle Rearranging
must be equal to centripetal force which is
⇒ e−1 = e−7λt ⇒ 7 λt = 1
provided by the tension (T ).
∴ Net force = Centripetal force 1
⇒ Time (t ) =
mv2 7λ
⇒ =T
l
14. (c) Thinking Process Torque ( τ ) acting on a body and
12. (a, b) Thinking Process Applying Einstein’s angular acceleration(α ) produced in it are related as
photoelectric equation, kinetic energy of emitted τ = Iα
electron can be given by Consider a hollow cylinder, around which a rope
1
K = mv 2 = hν − hν 0 is wounded as shown in the figure.
2 rope
hc hc F=30 N
= −
λ λ0
Given threshold wavelength, r
λ 0 = 3250 × 10 −10 m
Wavelength of ultraviolet light,
λ = 2536 × 10 −10 m hollow cylinder
 Torque acting on the cylinder due to the force F is Given, θ1 = 0 °, θ2 = 180 °
τ = Fr ⇒ W = MB(cos 0 ° − cos 180 ° )
Now, we have = 2 MB = 2 × NIA × B
τ = Iα = 2 × 250 × 85 × 10 −6
where, I = moment of inertia of the cylinder about
× (2.1 × 1.25 × 10 −4 ) × 0.85
the axis through the centre
= mr 2 = 9.48 × 10 −6 J
≈ 9.5 × 10 −6 J = 9.5 µJ
α = angular acceleration
τ Fr The closest option is (a).
⇒ α= =
I mr 2 17. (c) Thinking Process Current induced in the coil is given
by
F 30
= = 1
i =  dφ 
mr 3 × 40 × 10 −2  
R  dt 
100 ∆q 1  ∆φ 
= = 25 rad /s2 ⇒ =  
4 ∆t R  ∆t 

15. (d) Thinking Process When both source and observer Given, resistance of the solenoid,
are moving towards each other, apparent frequency
is given by R = 10 π 2 Ω
 v + v0  Radius of second coil r = 10 −2
fa = f0  
v − vs ∆t = 0.05 s, ∆i = 4 − 0 = 4 A
where, f0 = original frequency of source Charge flowing through the coil is given by
v s = speed of source  ∆φ  1
∆q =   ( ∆t )
v 0 = speed of observer  ∆t  R
v = speed of sound
 ∆i  1
= µ0 N 1N 2 πr 2   ∆t
Frequency of the horn,  ∆t  R
f0 = 400 Hz
= 4 π × 10 −7 × 2 × 104 × 100 × π
Speed of observer in the second car,
 4  1
v0 = 16.5 m/s × (10 −2 )2 ×   × × 0.05
 0.05  10 π 2
vs = 22 m/s
v0 = 32 × 10 −6 C = 32 µC
=16.5 m/s 18. (c) Net charge on one H-atom
Source observer q = − e + e + ∆e = ∆e
Net electrostatic repulsive force between two
Speed of source,
H-atoms
vs = speed of first car
Kq2 K ( ∆e)2
= 22 m/s Fr = 2 =
d d2
Frequency heard by the driver in the second car
Similarly, net gravitational attractive force
 v + v0 
fa = f0   between two H-atoms
 v − vs 
Gm2
 340 + 16.5  FG = 2 r
= 400   d
 340 − 22 
It is given that
= 448 Hz Fr − FG = 0
16. (a) Work done for rotating the coil K ( ∆e)2 Gm2r
W = MB(cos θ1 − cos θ2 ) ⇒ − 2 =0
d2 d
where, M = magnetic moment Gm2r
B = magnetic field ⇒ ( ∆e)2 =
K
 (6.67 × 10 −11 ) (1.67 × 10 −27 )2 =
h
=
h
( ∆e)2 =
9 × 109 2m ×
3
kT
3 mkT
−37 2
⇒ ∆e = 1.437 × 10 C
19. (b) In the space, there is no external gravity. Due 22. (b) Thinking Process For dispersion without deviation,
to masses of the astronauts, there will be small net deviation produced by the combination of
gravitational attractive force between them. prisms must be zero.
Thus, these astronauts will move towards each Let, prism angle of the first and second prisms are
other. A1 and A2 respectively. Similarly, their refractive
20. (c) Wavelength of spectral lines are given by indices are µ1 and µ2 .
1  1 1 Condition for dispersion without deviation is
= z2 R  2 − 2 
λ  n1 n2  δ1 − δ2 = 0
For last line of Balmer series, ⇒ (µ1 − 1) A1 − (µ2 − 1) A2 = 0
n1 = 2 and n2 = ∞  µ − 1  1.42 − 1
1 1 1 R ⇒ A2 =  1  A1 =   (10 ° )
⇒ = z2 R  2 − 2  = [Qz = 1]  µ2 − 1  1.7 − 1 
λB 2 ∞  4
⇒ A2 = 6 °
Similarly, for last line of Lyman series,
23. (b) In isochoric process, the curve is parallel to
n1 = 1 and n2 = ∞ y-axis because volume is constant.
1 1 1 Isobaric is parallel to x-axis because pressure is
⇒ = z2 R  2 − 2  = R
λ2 1 ∞  constant.
1 Along the curve, it will be isothermal because
R
temperature is constant.
λB 1
∴ = 4 = So, P→ c
1 R 4
Q→ a
λL
R→ d
λL 1 λB
⇒ = ⇒ =4 S→ b
λB 4 λL 24. (d) Thinking Process Pressure of two points lie in the
21. (b) Thinking Process de-Broglie wavelength associated same horizontal level should be same and p = hdg
with a moving particle can be given as Both ends of the U tube are open, so the pressure
h h
λ= = on both the free surfaces must be equal.
p 2 m((K.E. ) i.e., p1 = p2
At thermal equilibrium, temperature of neutron hoil ⋅ Soil g = hwater ⋅ Swater ⋅ g
and heavy water will be same. Soil = specific density of oil
This common temperature is given as, T. h ⋅S ⋅g
Soil = water water
Also, we know that, kinetic energy of a particle hoil ⋅ g
p2 (65 + 65 ) × 1000
KE = From figure, Soil =
2m (65 + 65 + 10 )
where, p = momentum of the particle
= 928 kgm−3
m = mass of the particle
Kinetic energy of the neutron is 25. (c) When the spring is cut into pieces, they will
have the new force constant. The spring is divided
3
KE = kT into 1 : 2 : 3 ratio.
2 When the pieces are connected in series, the
∴ de-Broglie wavelength of the neutron resultant force constant
h h 1 1 1 1
λ= = = + +
p 2 m( K. E.) v′ k1 k2 k3
 1 1 1 1 28. (d) Total internal energy of system = Internal
= + +
v′ x 2 x 3 x energy of oxygen molecules + Internal energy of
6x argon molecules
v′ = f f
11 = 1 n1RT + 2 n2 RT
In parallel, the net force constant 2 2
K ′′ = x + 2 x + 3 x = 6 x = 11K 5 3
= × 2 RT + × 4 RT
K 6 x / 11 2 2
The required ratio = = 1 : 11
K ′′ 6x = 11RT
26. (b) (a) Usually the centre of gravity coincides 29. (d) Thinking Process By work-KE theorem, we have
with the centre of mass for bodies when the change in K.E. = work done by all of the forces.
gravity field is uniform for bodies of small
height. Work done by gravitational force,
(b) Since, the gravitational force can be taken to Wg = mgh
be centered or confined at the centre of
gravity of body, so the torque of gravitational = 10 −3 × 10 × 1 × 103
force about the centre of gravity must be zero. = 10 J
In the mechanics, usually we deal with the
objects of small height for which torque of Now, from work-KE theorem, we have
gravitational force about the centre of mass ∆K = Wgravity + Wair resistance
will also be zero. So, option (b) is correct.
1
27. (a) According to the question L = Light source ⇒ × mv2 = mgh + Wair resistance
2
When the light beams incidents normally on the
1
plane mirror, it is reflected back to the point from ⇒ Wair resistance = mv2 − mgh
which it was coming. When the plane mirror is 2
rotated by an angle θ, the reflected ray or beam of 1 
= 10 −3  × 50 × 50 − 10 × 103 
light must rotate by angle 2θ, from refraction at 2 
plane surface theory.
= −8.75 Joules
B 30. (b) Consider schematic diagram for a Carnot
engine as shown below.
y
T2 Low temperature
θ θ
reservoir
θ
S x O q2

W E
L
q1
High temperature
T1
reservoir
From the figure
BS y In case of engine,
tan 2θ = =
SO x work W
engine efficiency = =
If the angle is small heat absorbed q1
tan 2θ ≈ 2θ W 1
∴ =
y q1 10
So, 2θ =
x 10 J 1
y ⇒ =
θ= q1 10
2x
 or q1 = 100 J ⇒ t=
h
When this engine is reversed, it takes in work W v1 + v2
and heat q2 from cold reservoir and ejects 100 J of 1 v1 v2 1 1
heat to hot reservoir. ⇒ = + = +
t h h t1 t2
∴ W + q2 = q1 tt
⇒ 10 + q2 = 100 ⇒ t = 12
t1 + t2
or q2 = 90 J 35. (d) Radiated power of a black body,
31. (d) As force on wire B F P = σAT 4
due to A and C are B
attractive, so we where, A = surface area of the body
have following T = temperature of the body
condition and σ = Stefan’s constant
µ I2 When radius of the sphere is halved, new area,
F = 0
2 πd A
A′ =
Resultant force on B F Resultant 4
= F12 + F22 ∴ Power radiated,
 A 16
µ0 I 2 µ0 I 2 P ′ = σ   (2T )4 = ⋅ ( σAT 4 )
= 2 F = 2 × = 4 4
2 πd 2 πd
= 4P = 4 × 450 = 1800 watts
32. (c) Given, x = 5t − 2t2
36. (c) When a cell is balanced against potential drop
Velocity of the particle, across a certain length of potentiometer wire, no
dx d current flows through the cell
vx = = (5t − 2t2 ) = 5 − 4t
dt dt ∴ emf of cell = potential drop across balance
d length of potentiometer wire.
Acceleration, ax = v x = − 4 ms −2
dt So, potentiometer is a more accurate device for
Also, y = 10t measuring emf of a cell or no current flows
dy through the cell during measurement of emf.
Velocity, vy = = 10
dt 37. (c) Truth table for given network is
dv NOR NOR NOT
∴ Acceleration ay = y = 0 A Y
dt
B Y1 Y2
∴ Net acceleration of the particle,
a net = ax i$ + ay $j = ( −4 ms−2 ) $i A B Y1 Y2 Y
or a = − 4 i$ ms−2
net 0 0 1 0 1
33. (c) As, resolving power of a microscope, 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1 0
(RP) ∝
λ (wavelength) 1 1 0 1 0
RP1 λ 2 6000 3 Output Y of network matches with that of NOR
∴ = = =
RP2 λ 1 4000 2 gate.
h V
34. (c) Speed of walking = = v1 38. (c) Collector current iC =
t1 R
3
h
Speed of escalator = = v2 = = 10 −3 A
t2 3 × 103
Time taken when she walks over running iC 10 −3
Now, base current iB = = = 10 −5 A
escalator B 100
 As, voltage Vin = iB RB 42. (c) According to the question
∴ Vin = 10 −5 × 2 × 103 P1 P3 P2
−2
= 2 × 10 volts
So, voltage gain I0 I1 I2 I3
Vout 3
AV = = = 150
Vin 2 × 10 −2
90°
Power gain = A V × β
= 150 × 100 = 15000 45°

39. (b) Thinking Process When no external torque acts on

system then, angular momentum of system remains
constant.
From the above diagram, intensity transmitted
through P3
Angular momentum before contact I
I 2 = 0 cos2 45 °
= I 1ω1 + I 2ω2 2
2
Angular momentum after the discs brought into I0  1 
contact ⇒ I2 = × 
2  2
= I net ω = ( I 1 + I 2 ) ω I
So, final angular speed of system = ω ⇒ I2 = 0
4
I ω + I 2ω2
= 1 1 Similarly, intensity transmitted through P2 ,
I1 + I2 I
Now, to calculate loss of energy, we subtract I 3 = 0 cos2 45 °
4
initial and final energies of system. 2
I0  1 
⇒ Loss of energy ⇒ I3 = × 
4  2
1 1 1
= Iω21 + Iω22 − (2 I ) ω2 I 1
2 2 2 ⇒ I3 = 0 ×
1 4 2
= I (ω1 − ω2 )2 I
4 ⇒ I3 = 0
8
40. (d) According to question,
43. (b) Given,
5th dark fringe in air = 8 bright fringe in the
medium root mean square value of electric field,
λD λD E rms = 6 V / m
(2 × 5 − 1) =8 We know that, peak value of electric field,
2d µd
λD λD E0 = 2 E rms
9 =8
2d µd ⇒ E0 = 2 × 6 V / m
9 8 E
⇒ = Also, we know that, c = 0
2 µ B0
8 ×2 where, c = speed of light in vacuum
⇒ µ=
9 B0 = peak value of magnetic field
∴ Refractive index of the medium, E
⇒ B0 = 0
16 c
µ= = 1.7777 ≈ 1.78
9 2 ×6
⇒ B0 =
41. (a) In the forward biasing of P-N junction, p side of 3 × 108
junction diode is connected to higher potential 8.48
and n side of junction diode is connected to lower ⇒ B0 = × 10 −8
potential. Hence, the option (a) is correct answer. 3
⇒ B0 = 2.83 × 10 −8 T
44. (a) Let the BH and BV be the horizontal and BH cos θ′
cot θ1 = ...(iv)
vertical component of earth’s magnetic field B. BV
B B
tan θ = V ⇒ cot θ = H ...(i) Similarly,
BH BV
BV
Plane -1 Magnetic meridian ⇒ tan θ2 =
B2
BV
=
BH sin θ′
BH sin θ
BH sin θ′
⇒ cot θ2 = ...(v)
θ′
°–

BV
90

θ1
From Eq. (iv) and Eq. (v)
BH cos θ Plane -2
⇒ cot2 θ1 + cot2 θ2
Let, plane 1 and 2 are mutually perpendicular
planes making angle θ and (90° − θ ) with B2H cos2 θ′ B2H sin2 θ′
= +
magnetic meridian. The vertical component of BV2 BV2
earth of earth’s magnetic field remain same in
two plane but effective horizontal components in B2H
⇒ cot2 θ1 + cot2 θ2 = (cos2 θ′ + sin2 θ′ )
the two planes is given by BV2
B1 = BH cos θ′ ...(ii)
⇒ cot2 θ1 + cot2 θ2 = cot2 θ
and B2 = BH sin θ′ ...(iii)
45. (b) We know that,
B
Then, tan θ1 = V =
BV Work done (W ) = q ∆V
B1 BH cos θ′ ∆V is same in all the cases. So, work done will be
same in the all cases.

Chemistry
1. (c) The reason for greater range of oxidation
states in actinoid is attributed to the 5 f , 6 d and 7s
levels having comparable energies.
Ru Fe Co
The 5f -orbitals extend into space beyond the 7s
and6 p-orbitals and participate in bonding. This is
in direct contrast to the lanthanides where the
4f -orbitals are buried deep inside the atom, totally Ruthenocene Ferrocene Cobaltocene
shielded by outer orbitals and thus unable to take
part in bonding. 3. (d)(a) According to de-Broglie’s equation,
h
2. (b) The organometallic compounds having sigma Wavelength ( λ ) =
bond between carbon and metal are sigma mv
bonded organometallic. An example of a sigma where, h = Planck’s constant.
bonded organometallic compound is Grignard’s Thus, statement (a) is correct.
reagent. (b) According to Heisenberg uncertainty
R
14
2Mg
43 X principle, the uncertainties of position ( ∆x )
σ− bond and momentum ( p = m∆v ) are related as
Whereas, ruthenocene, ferrocene and h h
∆x . ∆p ≥ or, ∆x . m∆v ≥
cobaltocene are not sigma bonded 4π 4π
organometallic compound. h
∆x . m. ∆a . ∆t ≥
4π
  ∆v  Given, p1 = 0.4 atm, V1 = 20 L, T1 = 400 K
= ∆a, a = acceleration
 ∆t  p2 = 16
. atm, V2 = ?, T2 = 400 K
h At constant temperature, p1V1 = p2V2
or, ∆x ⋅ F ⋅ ∆t ≥ [QF = m ⋅ ∆a]
4π 0.4 × 20 = 16
. × V2
∆E ⋅ ∆t ≥
h 0.4 × 20
or, V2 = =5L
4π 16
.
[Q ∆E = F ⋅ ∆x, E = energy] 7. (d)
Thus, statement (b) is correct. OH
(c) The half and fully filled orbitals have H2O,H2SO4
greater stability due to greater exchange CH3 C CH CH3 C CH2
HgSO4
Intermediate
energy, greater symmetry and more
balanced arrangement. Thus statement (c) (Enol) (A)
is correct. Tautomerisation

q
(d) For a single electronic species like H,
energy depends on value of n and does not O
depend on l. Hence energy of 2s-orbital. CH3 C CH3
and 2 p-orbital is equal in case of hydrogen (Acetone) (B)
like species. Therefore, statement (d) is
incorrect. OH
4. (b)(a) The medicines which are used to reduce 
pain are known as analgesics. For example Therefore, A = CH3 C == CH2
paracetamol, ibuprofen, morphine, etc. O
(b) The chemicals which either prevent the 
growth of microorganisms or kill them but B = CH3  C  CH3
are not harmful to the living tissues are 8. (b) Microorganisms present in the soil act as
known as antiseptics. e.g. savlon, dettol. biggest source and sink. A sink is a natural or
Dettol is one of the most commonly used artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores
antiseptics. It is a mixture of chloroxylenol some carbon contaning chemical compound for
and α-terpineol. an in definite period.
(c) The chemical substances which are used to
bring down body temperature during fever 9. (b) The conversion of amide with no substituent
are called antipyretics, e.g. aspirin, on nitrogen to an amine containing one carbon
novalgin, etc. less by the action of alkaline hypobromide. It
involves the migration of alkyl or aryl group with
(d) The chemicals which are obtained from its electron pair to electron deficient N from
microorganisms such as bacteria, fugni, adjacent carbon. The reaction involves the
etc., or by synthetic methods and used to intermediates of isocyanate.
inhibit the growth or even kill the
O
microorganisms are called antibiotics, e.g.
penicillin, chloramphenicol, etc. 
CH3 C  NH2 + Br2 + 4NaOH
5. (b) The element with atomic number, Z = 114 is Acetamide
flerovium ( Fl ). It is a super heavy artificial ∆
chemical element. In the periodic table of the → CH3 NH2 + 2NaBr + 2Na 2CO3 + H2O
Mathanamine
elements, it is a transactinide element in the
p-block. It is a member of the 7th period and is the O
heaviest known member of the carbon family. 
Step I : CH3 C  NH2 + Br2
Electronic configuration for Z = 114 is
O
[Rn]86 5 f 14 , 6 d10 , 7 s 2 , 7 p2

6. (a) For the reaction, → CH3 C  N  Br
SrCO3 ( s ) q SrO( s ) + CO2 ( q ), 
. atm = pCO2 = maximum pressure of CO 2
K p = 16 H
 O
[Co(NH3 )6 ]3 + 3Cl − + AgNO3 → 3AgCl
 (Excess)
Step II : CH3 C  N  Br + OH−
 + [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+
H
O [Co(NH3 ) 5Cl]2 + 2Cl − + AgNO3 → 2AgCl
 (Excess)
→ CH3 C  N  Br + H2O
s + [Co(NH3 )5 Cl]2+
O O
  •• [Co(NH3 )4 Cl2 ] + Cl − + AgNO3 → AgCl
s s
(excess)
Step III : CH3 C  N  Br → CH3 C  N•• + Br
Step IV: + [Co(NH3 )4 Cl2 ]+
O
 •• 12. (b) According to Gibbs-Helmholtz equation,
CH3 C  N•• intermolecular
→ CH3 NCO Gibbs energy ( ∆G ) = ∆H − T∆S
alkyl migration
where, ∆H = Enthalpy change
∆
Step V: CH3 NCO + 2OH− → CH3 NH2 + CO32 − ∆S = Entropy change
10. (d) The species having bond angles of 120° is BCl3 . T = Temperature
It is sp2 -hybridised and central atom does not have For a reaction to be spontaneous
any lone pair of electrons. ∆G < 0.
Chemical ∴Gibbs -Helmholtz equation becomes,
Species Bond angle
formula ∆G = ∆H − T∆S < 0
PH 3 93.5° or, ∆H < T∆S
P ∆H
or, T>
∆S
H H H
(Pyramidal) 35.5 kJ mol −1
=
ClF3 F 90° 83.6 JK −1mol −1
Cl F 35.5 × 1000 J mol −1
=
F 83.6 J K −1 mol −1
(T-shaped)
= 425 K
NCl 3 N 107.8°
T > 425 K
Cl Cl Cl
13. (b) Two different halogens may react to form
(Pyramidal) interhalogen compounds as
BCl 3 Cl 120°
XX ′ (ClF, BrF, BrCl, IF, ICl) Linear
B XX ′3 (ClF3 , BrF3 , IF3 , ICl3 ) Bent T-shaped
Cl Cl
XX ′5 (ClF5 , BrCl5 , IF5 ) Square-pyramidal
(Trigonal planar)
XX ′7 (IF7 ) Pentagonal bipyramidal
11. (c) According to Werner’s theory,
14. (a)
CoCl3 ⋅ 6NH3 → [Co(NH3 )6 ]3 + 3Cl − OCH3 OCH3 OCH3
2+ − NH2
CoCl3 ⋅ 5NH3 → [Co(NH3 )5 Cl] 2Cl
NaNH2
CoCl3 ⋅ 4NH3 → [Co(NH3 )4 Cl2 ] Cl + − +

When AgNO3 in excess is treated with these Br NH2

direct cine
complexes then following reactions take place : substitution substitution
 If nucleophile occupies same position of the 16. (b) SO2 gas can readily oxidise acidified KMnO4
leaving group, product is called direct solution because KMnO4 is an oxidising agent
substitution product. that easily oxidises SO2 ,
If nucleophile occupies adjacent position of the 2MnO4− + 5SO2 + 2 H2O
leaving group, product is called cine substitution
product. Intermediate is benzyne. → 2 Mn2+ + 5SO24 − + 4 H+
OCH3 OCH3 While other options such as NO2 (strong oxidising
s agent), CO2 (neither oxidising agent nor reducing
H + NH2 agent) cannot decolourise acidified KMnO4
Solution.
Br 17. (d) Thinking process This type of problem can be solved
Benzyne
by application of electron- withdrawing and electron
donating group.
OCH3 OCH3
NH2 NH2 NH2
s s
+ NH2 + H—NH2
NH2
Attack of nucleophile
at the original position
(from where Br– leaves)
NO2 CH3
(I) (II) (III)
OCH3 In III, — CH3 group is an electron donating and
o / p directing group which increases the electron
density on benzene ring at ortho or para position
NH2
while in II, —NO2 group is an electron
withdrawing group which decreases the electron
Direct substitution density on benzene ring. Hence, the III is more
product basic than II. In I, there is no any substituent
OCH3 OCH3 attached. due to this I is more basic then II and
less basic then III.
NH2
s Therefore, the correct order of basic strength of
+ NH2
s above compounds is II < I < III.
Attack of nucleophile H—NH2 18. (d) For a dilute solution, the depression in
at the adjacent freezing point ( ∆Tf ) is directly proportional to
carbon molality ( m) of the solution.
OCH3 ∆Tf ∝ m or ∆Tf = K f m
where, K f is called molal depression constant or
NH2
freezing point depression constant or cryoscopic
constant.
Cine substitution The value of K f depends only on nature of the
product solvent and independent of composition of solute
particles, i.e. does not depend on the
15. (b) For a reversible reaction, it accelerates the concentration of solution.
speed of forward as well as backward reaction to 19. (b) Aldehydes and ketones containing α H
the same extent. Hence, it does not disturb the atoms undergo aldol condensation in presence of
equilibrium, i.e. does not change the equilibrium dilute alkali as catalyst and gives α, β
constant of the reaction but helps to attain the unsaturated compound with the elimination of
equilibrium faster. H2O molecule.
 H H
22. (c) Key concept According to first law of
–
OH – thermodynamics,
2 O O O
∆U = q + w
where, ∆U = internal energy
– q = heat absorbed or evolved, w = work done.
OH O
H2O Also, work done against constant external
– pressure (irreversible process).
– OH
H w = − pext ∆V .
O O Work done in irreversible process,
w = − pext ∆V = − pext (V2 − V1 )
∆ –H2O
= − 2.5 atm (4.5 L − 2.5 L)
= − 5 L atm = − 5 × 1013 . J
= − 505 J
Since, the system is well insulated, q = 0
O ∴ ∆U = w = − 505 J
(α, β- unsaturated compound) Hence, change in internal energy, ∆U of the gas is
20. (b) Given, N2 + 3H2 q 2NH3 , K1 …(i) − 505 J.
N2 + O2 q 2NO, K2 …(ii) 23. (c) Key concept Isoelectronic species have
1 equal number of valence electrons .
H2 + O2 → H2O, K3 …(iii)
2 Both IBr2− and XeF2 are linear and number of
To calculate, valence electrons present in both the species is
5 K same, i.e. they are also isoelectronic.
2NH3+ O2 q 2NO +3H2O, K = ? …(iv)
2 Number of
S.No. Compounds Geometry
On reversing the equation (i) and valence electrons
multiplying the equation (iii) by 3, we get 1. BeCl 2 2 + 14 = 16 Linear
1 2. XeF2 8 + 14 = 22 Linear
2NH3 q N2 + 3H2 , …(v)
K1 3. TeI 2 6 + 14 = 20 Bent or V-shape
3 4. IBr2− 7 + 14 + 1 = 22 Linear
3H2 + O2 → 3 H2O, K33 …(vi)
2 5. IF3 7 + 21 = 28 T-shape
Now, add equation. (ii), (v) and (vi), we get
the resultant equation. (iv). 24.(a,d)(a) FeO0.98 has non-stoichiometric metal
5 K excess defect. It occurs due to missing of a
2NH3 + O2 q 2NO + 3H2O negative ion from its lattice site, thus
2 leaving a hole which is occupied by an
K K3 electron. Non-stoichiometric ferrous oxide
∴ K= 2 3
K1 is FeO0.93 − 0.96 and it is due to metal
deficiency defect. Thus, statement (a) is
21. (d) An electrophile is defined as electron incorrect.
deficient species which attacks on electron rich
(b) In an ionic crystal of A + B − type, if equal
areas. Being electron deficient, the electrophiles
number of cations and anions are missing
behaves an Lewis acids.
+ + from their lattice sites, the defect is called
e.g. H+, Cl+, Br+, NO2 NO etc. Schottky defect. Due to such defect,
The electrophiles can be seen in the form of density of solid decreases. Thus, statement
•• (b) is correct.
neutral molecules also e.g. ••CR2 , N R,BF3 etc. (c) NaCl-insulator; Silicon (Si) -
Thus, we can say that electrophile can be either semiconductor, Silver (Ag) - conductor;
neutral or positively charged species and can Quartz - piezoelectric crystal.
form a bond by accepting a pair of electrons from Thus, statement (c) is correct.
a nucleophile.
 (d) In an ionic crystal when an ion is missing 3d 4s 4p
Orbitals of
from its lattice site and occupies interstitial Mn3+ ion =
site, the defect is called Frenkel’ defect.
3d 4s 4p
This type of defect is seen in those crystals
[Mn (CN)6]3– =
where the difference in the size of cations
and anions is very large and their d2sp3-hybridised
coordination number is low. Thus, (Octahedral)
statement (d) is incorrect.
25. (c) Thinking Process This problem is based on the 28. (d) Isomers which are possible by rotation about
resonace stabilisation. single bonds without cleavage of any bond are
In anisol, methyl phenyl oxonium ion is formed by called conformers. In ethane, an infinite number
protonation of ether. The bond between O — CH3 of conformations are possible. There are two
is weaker than the bond between O —C6 H5 , extreme forms, the staggered conformation,
because the carbon of phenyl group is sp2 which is the most stable and the eclipsed
-hybridised and there is a partial double bond conformation which is least stable. Among the
character. Thus, the reaction yields phenol and conformers of ethane, bond angle and bond
alkyl halide. length remain same while their energy, stability
and dihedral angle are different.
H + CH3
OCH3 O OH 29. (b) Molarity and normality are temperature
dependent because they involve volume of
H I I
– solutions. Volume is dependent on temperature.
+ CH3I Moles of solute
Molarity (M) =
Anisol Phenole Volume of solution (in L)
26. (a) Key concept Wavelength (λ) of absorption is Molality, mole fraction and weight percentage do
inversely proportional to CFSE (∆ O value) of not depend on temperature because they involve
ligands attached with the central metal ion masses of solute and solvent.
1 30. (d) When protein is subjected to physical change
i.e. λ∝ like change in temperature or chemical change
∆O
like change in pH, the hydrogen bonds are
According to spectrochemical series. disturbed. As a result, glubules unfolds and helix
I− < Br − < S2 − < SCN− < Cl − < F− < OH− get uncoiled and protein losses its biological
< C2O24 − < O2 − < H2O < NSS − < NH3 < en < activity. Hence, the denaturation of protein
makes the protein inactive.
NO2− < CN− 31. (a)
O
Weak field Strong
O
Increasing order of ∆o
ligands field H C
ligands 1 3 4
2
5
The CFSE of ligands attached with Co3+ ion is in 6

the order — CHO group gets higher priority over >C == O

en > NH3 > H2O (From spectrochemical series) and C == C group in numbering of principal
1 carbon chain.
Q Wavelength of absorbed light ( λ ) ∝ IUPAC name = 3-keto-2-methylhex-4-enal.
∆o
32. (c) HgCl2 and I2 both when dissolved in water
∴ The order of wavelength of absorption in the
visible region will be : en < NH3 < H2O containing I− ions, the pair of species formed is
−
or, [Co(en)3 ]3+ < [Co(NH3 )6 ]3+ < [Co(H2O)6 ]3+ HgI2−
4 and I3 .

27. (c) [Mn(CN)6 ]3− is d2 sp3 -hybridised and octahedral In aqueous solution, I2 reacts with I− and
In [Mn(CN)6 ]3− , Mn is in +3 oxidation state maintains the following equilibrium.
I2 + I− q I3−
Mn3+ = 3 d4 4 s 0
Hg 2+ gives ppt. of HgI2 on reaction with I− .
 But HgI2 is soluble in excess of I− solution as complex. From the complex, metal is
obtained later by replacement.
Hg 2+ + 2I− → HgI2 ↓ + 2Cl −
Red ppt. In general,
HgI2 + 2I− q [HgI4 ]2 − 4 M ( s ) + 8CN− ( aq ) + 2H2O( aq ) + O2 ( g ) →

33. (b) The inability of ns 2 electrons of the valence 4[ M (CN)2 ] − ( aq ) + 4OH− ( aq )

shell to participate in bonding is called as inert 2[ M (CN)2 ] − ( aq ) + Zn( s ) → [Zn(CN)4 ]2 − ( aq )
pair effect. Due to this effect, the lower oxidation + 2 M (s)
state becomes more stable on descending the
M = Ag or Au
group. Thus, Sn2+ is a reducing agent while
Pb4 + act as an oxidising agent. This method is known as Mac-Arthur Forest
cyanide process.
34. (d) We know that, slowest step is the rate
determining step. 37. (b) Greater the s-character of C-atom in
hydrocarbons, greater the electronegativity of
∴ Rater( r ) = K1[ X ] [Y2 ] …(i)
that carbon and thus greater the acidic nature of
Now, from equation. (i), i.e. the H attached to electronegative carbon.
X2 q 2 X [fast]
CH ≡≡ CH CH 2 == CH 2 CH 3 CH 3
[ X ]2
K eq = ⇒ [ X ] = { K eq [ X2 ]}1/2 …(ii)
[ X2 ] Hybridisation: sp sp2 sp3
Now, substitute the value of[ X ] from equation. (ii) s-character: 50% 33% 25%
in equation. (i), we get Electronegativity: Max.
← 
Rate ( r ) = K1( K eq )1/2 [ X2 ]1/2 [Y2 ]
= K [ X2 ]1/2 [Y2 ] Acidic character Max.
← 
of terminal H
1 3
∴Order of reaction = + 1 = = 1.5
2 2 Thus, CH ≡≡ CH > CH3C ≡≡ CH
35. (d) Key concept For a sparingly soluble salt, if S > CH2 == CH2 > CH3 CH3
is the molar solubility,
38. (d) Key concept More the extent of hydration,
Ax By ( s ) + H2O q xA y + + yB x − lesser is the ionic mobility .
At saturation, Ionic mobility of alkali metal ions is lowest when
K [ Ax By ] = [ A y + ] x × [ B x − ] y = [ xS] x [ yS] y aqueous solutions of their salts are put under an
electric field.
+ y
or Ksp = x y . y y S x In all the alkali metals, Li + ion is smallest thus,
where, the constant Ksp is called solubility extent of hydration is maximum in Li + ion.
product. i.e. The dissolution of Li + in water occurs and get
Ag 2C2O4 ( s ) q 2Ag + + C2O24 − hydrated. Smaller the size of a cation, greater is
the extent of hydration and lesser is the ionic
2S S mobility.
+ 2
Ksp = [ Ag ] [C2O24 − ] = [2 S] [ S]
2
39. (c) Aldehydes gives silver mirror test so, ‘X ’ may
Given, 2 S = 2.2 × 10 −4 or S = 11
. × 10 −4 M be alcohol which is oxidised by Cu gives
aldehydes.
∴ Ksp = [2.2 × 10 −4 ]2 [11
. × 10 −4 ] = 5.3 × 10 −12
Therefore,
C2 H6O = C2 H5  OH] or A = CH3CHO
(X)
36. (d) Extraction of gold and silver involves leaching C2 H5OH Cu/573
→
K
CH CHO
with CN− ion. Silver is later recovered by
3
oxidation Acetaldehydol
distillation of Zn. (A)

In the metallurgy of silver or gold, the respective [Ag(NH3 )2 ]

. → Silver
metal is leached with a dilute solution of NaCN or OH/ ∆ monaobserved
KCN in the presence of air to obtain the metal in Tollen's reagent
 0.059 0.01
= E° − log
2

2 1
NH

0.059 1
O

O E1 = E ° − log
C

OH/∆ 2 100
CH3 — CH == CH—C—H
= ( E ° + 0.059 )
NH

Aldol But-2-en-1-al
condensation (Y)
For cell,
2
NH

Zn|ZnSO4 (1M)||CuSO4 (0.01M)|Cu

O 0.059 1
E2 = E ° − log
CH3 — CH == NH—NH—C—NH2 2 0.01
Semicarbazone
0.059
(Z) E2 = E ° − log 100 = ( E °− 0.059 )
2
40. (b) S4 O2− 2−
6 and S2O3 have S—S bond ∴ E1 > E2
O 2– 43. (b) For a first order reaction,
O– S–
2.303 a
O S
S
S
S O
S Rate constant ( k ) = log
O t a− x
O– O
O O where, a = initial concentration
1 a − x = concentration after time ‘t’
S–S bond Thiosulphate ion t = time in sec.
(S4O62–) (S2O32–)
Given, a = 20 g,
(tetrathionate)
a − x = 5 g,
41. (d) Thinking process This problem is based on the k = 10 −2
acidic character of phenol. Electron -withdrawing 2.303 20
group at o and p-position w.r.t. —OH group of ∴ t = −2 log
phenol, increase the acidic strength. 10 5
Picric acid (2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol) is extremely = 138.6s
more acidic than given compounds due to the Alternatively,
presence of three strong electron withdrawing Half-life for the first order reaction,
groups ( NO2 group) at ortho and para-positions, t1/2 0.693
picric is more acidic compound. =
2 k
42. (c) Thinking process Calculate the value of Ecell i.e. E1 0.693
and E 2 by substituting the respective given values in = −2 = 69.3s
the Nernst equation, 10
0.059 [Zn2 + ] Two half-lives are required for the reduction of
E cell = E ° − log 20 g of reactant into 5 g.
n [Cu2 + ]
20 g  1 → 10 g  1 → 5 g.
t /2 t /2

Compare the calculated values of E1 and E2 and ∴ Total time = 2t1/2

find the correct relation . = 2 × 69.3
For the electrochemical cells, = 138.6 s
Zn|ZnSO4 (0.01M)||CuSO4 (1M)|Cu 44. (d) Steam distillation is used to purify the
Cell reaction : substances which
Zn + Cu2+ → Zn2+ + Cu; n = 2 (i) are volatile in steam but are immiscible with
water.
0.059 Zn2+
E1 = E ° − log (ii) possess sufficiently high vapour pressure at
2 Cu2+ the boiling point of water.
 (iii) contain non- volatile impurities. Species Number of electrons
The process of steam distillation can also be CO 6 + 8 = 14
used to separate a mixture of two organic
NO 7 + 8 = 15
compounds one of which is steam volatile
while the other is not. In ortho and O2 8 + 8 = 16
para-nitrophenols, the latter is non-volatile, NO + 7 + 8 − 1 = 14
hence they are separated by steam
CN − 6 + 7 + 1 = 14
distillation.
O −2 8 + 8 + 1 = 17
45. (c) Key concept The species that have same
number of electrons have same bond order. Thus, both CN− and CO have equal number of
electrons. So, their bond order will be same.

Biology
1. (b) Holoenzyme It is a conjugate complete 3. (b) Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP) is found in the
catalytically active enzyme together with its mesophyll cell, which accepts the atmospheric
coenzyme. CO2 in C4 -plants and converts it to oxaloacetate
Apoenzyme The protein part of catabolically ––a C4 compound. It is the first stable compound
active enzyme is called apoenzyme. of C4 -plants.
Coenzyme Some enzymes require additional Concept Enhancer C4 -plants possess special
organic or metallo-organic molecules for their adaptation anatomy in their leaves to cope up the
activity. These molecules are called coenzyme. photorespiratory losses. There are dimorphic
So, holoenzyme is apoenzyme together with chloroplast present in them—agranal in bundle
coenzyme hence option (b) is correct. sheath cells and granal in mesophyll cells.
2. (b) The mucosa present in between the bases of 4. (a)
villi of small intestine (Crypts of Lieberkuhn)
contain paneth cells, which secrete antibacterial Column I Column II
lysozyme. (A) Gonorrhea (ii) Neisseria Gonorrhoes
(B) Syphilis (iii) Treponema Pallidum
Villi
(C) Genital Warts (iv) Human Papilloma Virus
Lacteal
(D) AIDS (v) HIV

Capillaries 5. (c) Mycoplasma is triple layered smallest living

cells. It does not have definite cell wall. It is an
anaerobic organism. It cause diseases in plants
Artery (little leaf of brinjal) as well as in animals
Crypts of Lieberkuhn (pleuromorphic pneumonia in man).
Vein
A section of small intestinal mucosa showing villi and Lipoprotein membrane
the Crypts of Lieberkuhn (Three layers)
Soluble protein

Concept Enhancer Kupffer cells are phagocytic dsDNA

cells of liver.
Zymogen cells produce enzyme. Ribosomes
Argentaffin cells produce hormones.
Soluble
RNA
6. (a) Mendel was a great Mathematician and 1
was Austrian Monk. He became interested in 2 Sternum
genetics and conducted experiments in pea 3
plant (Pisum sativum). He hybridise the 4
contrasting characters of the plant and True
conducted his experiments for more than ribs 5 Ribs
6
10 years between 1856-1863; this
experimental data was published in 1865. 7 Vertebral
7. (c) The flowers with packed inflorescence and 8 column
single ovary are air pollinated. These flower False 9
have pollen grains produced in large ribs 10 Ribs and
11 rib cage
numbers, which are light weighted, Floating 12
sometimes winged, e.g. cereals and grasses. ribs
8. (b) When K = N in a logististics growth curve, 10. (a) MALT is mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
it is asymptote. located with in the linning of the major tracts like
respiratory, digestive and urinogenital tracts. It is
It means a population growing in a habitat nearly 50% of the total lymphoid tissue in the human
with limited resources show initially a lag body.
phase, followed by phase of acceleration and
deceleration and finally an asymptote, i.e. 11. (a) When closely related species of same organisms
when the population density ( N ) reaches the are crossed continuously for few successive
carrying capacity ( K ) generations, it results in accumulation of recessive
characters thus homozygous purelines are obtained.
Population density (N)

12. (b) Trichomes are the epidermal tissues structure.

When epidermal cells become glandular hair, it is
K
called trichome. This character was not amongst the
dN K–N seven characters of pea, which mendel selected for his
=rN
dt K hybridisation experiments.

Time (t)

Population growth curve is logistic,

(a) Glandular (b) Stellate (c) Urticating (d) Stinging
when responses are limiting the growth,
here K is carrying capacity and N is Different types of trichomes
population density. 13. (d) Mitochondria is referred as ‘Power house of the
Time Saver For logistic growth cell’. It contains the enzymes for cellular respiration. It
oxidises carbohydrate to produce ATP molecules in
dN K − N
= rN   the process of aerobic respiration.
dt  K 
K −N 14. (c) 33 codons will be altered if the 901st base is deleted
if, K = N , then =0 and RNA has only 998 bases instead of 999 bases.
K
dN Total bases present in RNA = 999
∴ T he =0 Bases left after deletion of 901st base in RNA
dt
= 999 − 901 = 98
the population reaches asymptote.
Number of codon present in 98 = 33
9. (a) In the rib cage, the true ribs are those
which are attached to the sternum in the (Approximately as three codons code for one amino
front and vertebral column at back. These are acid).
7 in numbers. Although there are total 12 ribs 15. (a) Archaebacteria are the most primitive form of
in the rib cage. The 11 th and 12 th ribs are bacteria. These live in diverse habitat, e.g. extreme
attached to the vertebral column and keep hot temperature, saline condition, variable pH, etc.
floating in the thoracic cavity, so are called Saline bacteria are called Halophiles (e.g.,
floating ribs. Halobacterium, Halococcus).
 Concept Enhancer The ability of archaebacteria Concept enhancer
to survive in harsh conditions is due to the presence The portal system is a system, in which vein
of branched lipid chain in their membrane, which takes blood to some organ/tissue of the body other
reduces the fluidity of their membrane. than heart. In this, the vein has capillary network
16. (d) The post synaptic membrane of the synapse at it’s both ends.
of a neuron contains the receptors or There is one more portal system in human body
neurotransmitters. named hypophyseal portal system present in the
Axon hypothalamus, which brings neuro secretions of
hypothalamus to pituitary gland.
Axon
terminal The renal portal system is found in fishes and
Synaptic amphibians. It supplies blood from posterior
vesicles
region of the body to the kidneys by renal portal
Pre-synaptic veins to remove waste products before sending it
Synapse

membrane to heart via renal veins and post canal veins.

Synaptic cleft 19. (a) The value of water potential of pure water is
Post-synaptic highest and it is zero. Water molecules possess
membrane kinetic energy. Greater the concentration of water
Receptors for in a system, greater is its kinetic energy or its
neurotransmitter water potential.
Neurotransmitters
Diagram showing axon terminal and synapse If we add solute in water, the solution has fewer
free water molecule and concentration of water
17. (b) The directional selection leads to change in the
phenotypic characters of a population in one decreases thus reducing its water potential.
direction. In the case of artificial selection, it is 20. (b) Order being the higher taxon of classification
intentionally done to increase the milk production, exhibit the few similar characters of families. The
so directional selection operates. order of horse is perissodactyla.
Phenotypes Concept Enhancer The order perissodactyla
favoured by includes odd toed mammals. For example, Equus
artificial selection
Medium sized asinus (donkey), Rhinoceros indicus (the great
Number of individuals

Individuals one horned rhinoceros).

with phenotype

are favoured
21. (c) Alexander von Humbolt was a great German
naturalist and geographer. He did extensive
explorations in the wilderness of South American
forests. He established species area relationship.
He observed that with in a region, species
richness increase with increasing explored area,
but upto a certain limit. Infact, the relationship
Peak shifts in
one direction between species richness and area for a variety of
taxa turns out to be a rectangular hyperbola as
shown in figure below
2
S=CA
Log S=log C+Z log A
Species richness

Diagrammatic representation of
the operation of artificial traits in le
ca
gs
18. (d) In the hepatic portal system, the hepatic veins -lo
takes blood from intestine to the liver. This way, it log
takes all the nutrients absorbed from intestine to
the liver first, where screening and storing of Area
nutrition takes place. Showing species area relationship
 Note that on log scale the relationship becomes Offsprings Genotypes : 4(IA IA , IA IB , IA i, IB i)
linear. Phenotypes : 3 (A, B, AB)
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship is a 27. (b) Transplantation of tissue/organs may fail,
straight line described by the equation. when that tissue is rejected by the recipients
log S = log C + Z log A immune system leading to its destruction. Tissue
where, rejection is a function of cell-mediated immune
S = Species richness response that involves T-cells.These cells have
the ability to distinguish between self and non-
A = Area
self. After the recognition of non-self tissue, the
Z = Slope of the line (regression coefficient) killer T-cells induces apoptosis of the target
C = Y-intercept tissue.
22. (b) DNA fragments are negatively charged 28. (a) The absence of nucleus in RBC is an
molecules. The reason why DNA is negatively adaptation that allows it to contain more
charged is the phosphate (PO4− − ) group that haemoglobin and carry more oxygen by providing
constitutes every nucleotide. empty space. This adaptation also aids in
Thinking process During the formation of effective diffusion of oxygen.
phosphodiester bond, nucleotides retain one of Concept Enhancer RBC’s are initially produced
the two negative charge, while the other is lost to in bone marrow with a nucleus. They, then
form ester bond to new pentose. undergo enucleation at maturity, in which their
23. (c) In human beings, after birth the first set of nucleus is removed.
teeth that develops are deciduous teeth or
temporary teeth. These are 20 in number. The 29. (a) In lungs, even after the most forceful
dental formula of child is 2102/2102. expiration, some of the volume of air remains.
This volume is termed Residual Volume (RV). Due
Thus, they have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 0 premolars to this, lungs do not collapse even after the most
and 2 molars. Therefore, the baby boy would not forceful expiration. RV is about 1100 mL to
have premolars. 1200 mL.
24. (c) If anaphase promoting complex is defective in a 30. (d) Zygotic meiosis is represented in the
human cell, the chromosomes will not segregate Chaplontic life cycle of many algae including
during anaphase of mitosis. APC triggers the Chlamydomonas. In such a life cycle, all cells are
transition from metaphase to anaphase by tagging haploid except zygote. This is because meiosis
specific proteins for degradation. occurs in the zygote itself resulting into four
Concept Enhancer Anaphase stage of meiosis is haploid cells that give rise to haploid plants.
characterised by two events Zygote
(a) Splitting of centromeres and segregation of Sy (2n) Meiosis
ng
chromosomes. am
y Spores
(b) Movement of chromatids towards the A (n)
opposite poles.
Gametogenesis B
25. (c) The important characteristic that hemichordates Haplontic
share with chordates is pharynx with gill slits.
These gill slits are narrow openings in the pharynx.
The position of these pharyngeal gill slits is lateral in
chordates, while dorsal in hemichordates.
26. (c) A cross between two individuals, one with AB Gametophyte
blood group and other with A blood group will (n)
produce four genotypes and three phenotypes. Life cycle pattern : Haplontic
Husband Thinking Process All algae except Fucus,
% Ectocarpus, Dictyota and a few other, show
IA IB haplontic life cycle or zygotic meiosis. Bryophytes
& and pteridophytes show haplodiplontic life cycle
Wife
IA I AI A I AIB and undergo sporic meiosis.
i IA i IB i
 31. (d) In male frogs, germinal epithelium of short segment of DNA can be built in 5′ → 3′
seminiferous tubules produce sperms, which are direction at a time. As a result of this, okazaki
transferred to kidney via vasa efferentia, from the fragments are formed, which are later joined by
kidney, these enter into Bidder’s canal from where, DNA ligase.
the sperms are carried to the transverse collecting
tubules, longitudinal collecting tubule and then to 35. (b) Plants that produce pneumatophores, i.e.
urinogenital duct. The later carries the sperms to negatively geotropic roots and show vivipary,
seminal vesical. where, they are stored temporarily. i.e. germination of seeds inside the fruits are
From here, sperms are carried to cloaca and then halophytes. These plants are adapted to grow in
these shed into water. highly saline areas such as mangroves.
Pneumatophores help these plants in
Thus, the correct route of sperms passage is respiration as they do not get sufficient oxygen
Testes → vasa efferentia → kidney from the soil. On the other hand vivipary aids in
 perennation.
↓
36. (b) The process of separation and purification of
Cloaca ← Urinogenital duct ← Bidder’s canal expressed protein before marketing is called
32. (c) Aerosol refers to the suspended particulate downstream processing. In this process, a
matter of less than 1 µm size. These are kind of air whole range of biochemical separation and
pollutants that are suspended in our atmosphere. purification techniques are used such as drying,
They have a measurable effect on climate change chromatography, solvent extraction and
as they can modify the amount energy reflected by distillation. After purification quality control
clouds. As a result, they can change the testings are done.
atmospheric circulation patterns and affect 37. (c) Heartwood also called duramen is the
agriculture negatively. These also affect human central dead wood of trees. It comprises of dead,
health by causing breathing problems. lignified cells containing organic compounds,
33. (d) Viroids differ from viruses in having RNA e.g. tannins or other substances. These
molecules without protein coat. Viruses on the substances make it darker in colour and
other hand posses DNA or RNA with a protein coat aromatic. Heartwood is strong durable and
as their genetic material. Viruses can infect a wide resistant to decay. It doest not conduct water
range of organisms including plants, animals or and minerals because of the presence of dead
bacteria, while viroids infect only plants. elements.
34. (d) Okazaki fragments are short segments of Thinking Process The conduction of water and
replicating DNA. These have 1000-2000 bp in L minerals is carried out by sapwood, because it
prokaryotes and 100-200 bp in eukaryotes. These contains living cells.
fragments are used to elongate the lagging strand 38. (d) Spliceosome is a large molecular complex
away from the replication fork. found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells of plants,
5¢ 3¢ animals and fungi, etc. It is assembled from
Template DNA snRNAs and protein complexes that plays an
(parental strands) important role in splicing of introns.
Continuous Spliceosome is absent in cells of bacteria.
synthesis
5¢ Discontinuous 39. (a) The ascending limb of loop of Henle is
3¢ synthesis impermeable to water and permeable to
Okazaki
Newly fragments K+ , Cl − and Na + and partially permeable to
3¢5¢ synthesised 3¢5¢ urea. Due to this, sodium, potassium, calcium,
strands magnesium and chloride are reabsorbed here
Replication fork of DNA making the filterate hypotonic.
40. (a) Biomass refers to the amount of living
Concept Enhancer During replication the leading
organic matter. Forest ecosystem have the
strand with polarity 3′ → 5′ forms its maximum biomass, because it includes
complementary strand continuously, because organisms of all trophic levels as compared to
3′ end of the latter is always open for elongation. On pond, lake or grassland ecosystem. In forest
the other hand replication in lagging strand with ecosystems productivity is also high that
polarity 5′ → 3′ is discontinuous, because only a contributes to maximum biomass.
41. (b) The final proof that DNA is the genetic zone, proximal. From this region, some of the
material came from the experiments of Alfred epidermal cells form very fine and delicate,
Hershey and Martha Chase (1952). Griffith’s thread-like structure called root hairs. These root
experiment proved the existance of genetic hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.
material while Avery, MacLeod and Mcarty 45. (b) Chronic hypersecretion of Growth Hormone
worked to determine the biochemical nature of (GH) leads to gigantism or acromegally depending
transforming principle. on the age of the individual.
Concept Enhancer Hershey and Chase during If its hypersecretion occurs before the ossification
their experiment, grew viruses in two mediums, of epiphyseal plates, it causes exaggerated and
one containing 32 P and other 35 S, when these prolonged growth in long bones. It results in
were allowed to infect bacteria, they observed gigantism.
that viruses containing 32 PDNA were radioactive In adults, hypersecretion of GH leads to
while those with 35 S protein were not radioactive. accromegaly. No increase in height occurs
Hence, DNA not protein coat entered bacterial because of the ossified epiphyseal plate.
cells from viruses. Thinking Process Epiphyseal plate is responsible for
42. (a) An intrauterine device is a small, often the growth of bone. It closes after adolescence.
T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into 46. (c) In sewage treatment, suspended solids are
a woman’s uterus to prevent pregnancy. The removed during primary treatment. It is also
copper releasing IUD’s primarily work by known as physical treatment.
disrupting sperm motility and damaging sperm. It consists of shredding, churning, screening and
Copper acts as a spermicide. It can also alter the sedimentation. Sequential filtration removes
endometrial lining, preventing implantation. floating and large suspended solids.
43. (b) Volvox is a fresh water green hollow ball-like 47. (a) Among the given options, option (a) is
colonial alga. Its colony has a fixed number of mismatched. Pinus is a monoecious plant as it
cells (500 to 60000). It is called coenobium. bears male and female cones on the same plant.
Cells Concept Enhancer: The male pollen cones of
Mucilage Pinus occur in clusters subterminally on lower
long branches. The female or seed cones develop
Daughter in groups of 2 − 6 on upper long branches of the
colony
tree.
48. (b) Gel electrophoresis is used for the separation of
molecules of similar electric charge on the basis of
their size. Hence, smaller the DNA fragment size
the farther it moves.
Flagella
Protoplasmic Thinking Process Agarose gel matrix functions as
strands sieve. Smaller DNA fragments easily move and larger
fragments take time to move in gel matrix.
Volvox
49. (c) In Bougainvillea, thorns are the modifications of
44. (d) The root is covered at the apex by a stem. They are stiff, sharp structures, which have
thimble-like structure called the roat cap. It lost their growing point and become hard. They
protects the tender apex of the root as it makes reduce transpiration as well as browsing by
its way through the soil. A few millimetres above animals.
the root cap is the region of meristematic activity. 50. (c) The association of H1 histone with nucleosome
The cells of this region are very small,
thin-walled and with dense protoplasm. They indicates that DNA remains in its condensed form.
divide repeatedly. The cell proximal to this region Concept Enhancer In eukaryotes, DNA
undergo rapid elongation and enlargement and packaging is carried out with the help of histone
are responsible for the growth of the root in proteins. Nucleosome is the unit of compaction. Its
length. This region is called the region of core consists of four pairs of histones
elongation. The cells of the elongation zone (H2 A, H2 B, H3 and H4 ). The linker DNA, consisting
gradually differentiate and mature. Hence, this of H1 histone connects two adjacent nucleosomes.
 They together constitute chromatosome. It gives Concept Enhancer: Bacterial cell cycle is
rise to a chromatin fibre after further divided into the B, C and D periods. The B period
condensation. extends from the end of cell division to the
beginning of DNA replication. DNA replication
occurs during the C period. The D period refers to
H1 Histone the stage between the end of DNA replication and
the division of bacterial cell into two daughter
cells.
DNA
B period C period D period
Octamer of Histones
A nucleosome Chromosome Cell
replication division
51. (c) Corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine gland
in the human body. It secretes small amount of Bacterial cell cycle
estradiol and significant amount of progesterone
hormone. In the absence of fertilisation, the 58. (c) Among the given options, option (c) contains
corpus luteum degenerates. all aquatic mammals. Whales are inhabitants of
the open sea, while seal (Phoca) is a marine
52. (b) Among the given options, only option (b) is carnivore. Dolphins are found in rivers. Trygon
mismatched. Rhodospirillum is a free living and sharks are fishes, which belong to
nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Mycorrhiza is the
chondrichthyes class of superclass–Pisces.
symbiotic association of a fungus with the root of
a higher plant. 59. (a) Coconut fruit is a drupe. It has a membranous
epicarp, fibrous mesocarp and a stony endocarp.
53. (b) GnRH is a hypothalamic hormone. It Tomato is a berry, litchi is a nut, Capsular fruits
stimulates the anterior lobe of pituitary gland to are found in cotton.
secrete LH and FSH.
60. (d) Double fertilisation is the characteristic feature
54. (a) A gene whose expression helps to identify of angiosperms. In this type of fertilisation one
transformed cell is known as selectable marker. male gamete fuses with an egg and forms zygote.
Usually, the genes encoding resistance to The second male gamete fuses with diploid
antibiotics, such as tetracycline, amphicillin, etc. secondary nucleus of central cell to form a triploid
are useful selectable markers for e.g. E. coli. primary endosperm nucleus.
Concept Enhancer Plasmid pBR322 has two 61. (d) Glycocalyx is the outer most mucilage layer of
resistance genes; amphicillin resistance (ampR ) the cell envelope. It gives sticky character to the
and tetracyclin resistance (tetR ). These are bacterial cell .
considered as useful selectable markers. 62. (c) Ectocarpus and Fucus respectively show
55. (b) Tropical rain forests show stratification. It can haplodiplontic and diplontic life cycle.
be defined as the grouping of plants into two or Concept Enhancer: In Ectocarpus sporic
more well defined layers depending upon their meiosis occurs and haploid biflagellate
height. These layers are called strata or storeys. meiozoospores are formed. They germinate to
There storeys consist of respectively very tall produce gametophytic thalli. The gametophytes
emergent trees, tall trees, small trees, a shrub liberate gametes, which fuse to form diploid
layer and a ground layer of ferns, mosses and zygote, which gives rise to a diploid plant.
herbs. Immature
56. (c) In angiosperms, functional megaspore Meiosis Mature gametophyte
u gametophyte
Diploid
develops into an embryo sac. The functional sporophyte v
Haploid
megaspore is the first cell of female gametophyte. partheno
Sexual sporophyte
57. (c) The cell cycle is a series of events that take cycle Parthenogenic
place in cell leading to its division and u v Syngamy v u cycle u
duplication of its DNA. Bacteria lack a cell
nucleus. Due to their primitive nature they lack a
well marked S-phase. In bacteria DNA replication Haplodiplontic life cycle of Ectocarpus
occurs before fission.
 In Fucus, there is a single somatic phase. It is Protein monomers are amino acids and they bond
diploid and produces haploid gametes. The fuse together in repetitive chains just as,
during fertilisation to give rise to diploid carbohydrate monomers are monosaccharides.
individual.
67. (a) Non-disjunction is the failure of chromosomes
Fertilisation to disjoin or separate and move away to opposite
poles. Non-disjunction of 21st chromosome
during oogenesis is the cause of down’s
syndrome. It occurs due to the presence of an
additional copy of chromosome no. 21 (trisomy of
21st chromosome) is humans.
68. (c) In C4 -plants, the initial fixation of CO2 occurs
in mesophyll cells. The primary acceptor of CO2 is
Phosphoenol Pyruvate (PEP). It combines with
CO2 in the presence of enzyme PEP carboxylase
to form the first stable product, i.e. oxaloacetic
Diplontio life cycle Fucus Acid (OAA). C3 plants lack PEPcarboxylase enzyme.
63. (a) Wildlife safari parks are used for the ex situ They posses RuBisCO enzyme. This enzyme can
conservation of threatened animals and plants. work as both carboxylase (fixation of CO2 ) and
They are taken out from their natural habitat and oxygenase (fixation of O2 ). RuBisCO has a much
placed in special settings (wildlife safari park, greater affinity forCO2 than forO2 and the binding
zoo). Here they are protected and given special is competitive. At higher temperature, its affinity
cage. for CO2 decrease and it works as oxygenase.
64. (b) Vitamin-A is a group of unsaturated nutritional Therefore, at higher temperature photosynthesis
organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, decrease in C3 -plants, while in C4 -plants it
retinoic acid and β-carotene. increases.
Vitamin-A is needed by the retina of eye in the 69. (c) Auxin delay abscission of leaves and fruits at
form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin early stages. Whenever leaf or fruit fall occurs, the
to form rhodopsin, the light absorbing molecule. organ concerned stops producing auxin.
65. (c) Thalassemia is a autosomal recessive disease, However, it promotes abscission of older, mature
which occurs due to mutation in genes. This leaves and fruits.
results in reduced rate of synthesis of the globin 70. (a) Biosphere reserve consists of three zones, i.e.
chains of haemoglobin. Anaemia is the main core, buffer and transition zone. Core zone
feature of this disease. There are two forms of comprises an undisturbed and legally protected
Thalassemia, i.e. α-thalassemia (production of ecosystem, where no human activity is allowed.
affected α-globin chain, which is governed by Buffer zone surrounds the core area and
genes on 16th chromosome), and β-thalassemia transitions zone is the outermost area of the
(production of affected β-chain, which is governed biosphere reserve, where active cooperation
by a gene on 11th chromosomes). between reserve management and the local
Concept Enhancer Thalassemia differs from people occur.
sickle-cell anaemia in that the former is a Transition zone
quantitative problem of synthesising few globin
molecules, while the later is a qualitative problem Buffer zone
of synthesising an incorrectly functioning globin.
Core area
66. (d) Among the given options except lipids all are
polymers. These are formed by the polymerisation Human settlement
of monomers. The basic unit of lipid are fatty acids
and glycerol molecules that do not form repetitive
chains. Instead they form triglycerides from three Zonation in terrestrial biosphere
fatty acids and one glycerol molecules.
71. (c) The body wall of a common sponge consists of During conversion of succinic acid to fumaric acid
three layer, i.e. pinacoderm, choanoderm and FAD + is reduced to FADH2 . During conversion of
mesophyll layer. Choanoderm is inner cellular pyruvic acid to acetyl Co - A, isocitrate to
layer which consists of highly specialised oxalosuccinic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid to
flagellated cells called choanocytes. The beating succinyl Co-A NAD + is reduced to NADPH +H +
of their flagella creates water current.
77. (d) Mutualism is an association of two species in,
72. (b) A decrease in blood pressure/volume
which both species are benefitted.
stimulates the hypothalamus to release ADH
(Anti diuretic Hormone) as well as JGA Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic relationship between
(Juxtaglomerular Apparatus) cells to release fungal hyphae and roots of higher plants. The
renin. Renin by renin angiotensin mechanism fungus helps in mineral nutrition absorption for
activates the adrenal cortex to release the plants with, which they are associated and
aldosterone. Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF) is obtained in turn, nutrients from plants.
produced by atria of heart during increased blood Concept Enhancer
pressure/volume. It can cause vasodilation and
there by, decrease the blood pressure, therefore, Amensalism is an interaction between different
option (b) is correct. species, in which one species is harmed and other
73. (b) Dioecious flowering plants contain unisexual is neither benefitted nor harmed, e.g. Penicillium.
flower. In dioecious condition two types of Antibiosis It is an antagonistic association
unisexual flowers occur on different plants. between two or more organism, in which one is
Hence, it does not favour autogamy and adversely affected, e.g. antibiosis includes the
geitonogamy because autogamy takes place in relationship between antibiotic and bacteria.
bisexual flowers and geitonogamy takes place Fungistasis inhibits the growth of fungi.
between different flower of the same plant.
78. (c) The joint between atlas and axis is a type of
74. (c) Stomata are tiny pore complexes. Each synovial joint. A considerable movement is
stomata is surrounded by two specialised green allowed at all synovial joints. They are surrounded
epidermal cells called guard cells. The opening of by tubular articular capsule. The capsule consists
the stoma is facilitated by the orientation of the of two layers, i.e. outer fibrous capsule and inner
microfibril in the cell walls of the guard cells. synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid
Cellulose microfibrils are oriented radially rather lubricates and providing nourishment to articular
than longitudinally making it easier for the stoma cartilage.
to open.
Concept enhancer
75. (d) The DNA fragments separated on an agarose
Fibrous joint They do not allow movement
gel can be visualised after staining with
because the bones are held firmly by bundles of
ethidium bromide. It is intercalating agent and
a fluorescent agent. The stained DNA fragments white fibrous tissue. e.g. joint between the bones
are seen bright orange coloured band under of skull.
UV-light. Cartilaginous joints They allow slight
L Thinking process Intercalation is the insertion of movement; because of the elastic pads of
molecules between the planar bases of DNA. This fibrocartilage present between the ends of the
process is used as a method for analysing DNA. bones taking part in the joints, e.g. pubic
Intercalation occurs, when ligands of an
appropriate size and chemical nature fit symphysis of pubis.
themselves in between base pairs of DNA. These Saddle joints This is the type of synovial joints.
ligands are mostly polycyclic, aromatic and planar This type of joint is like ball and socket joint, but
and therefore often make good nucleic acid stains.
Intensively studied DNA intercalator include not developed fully, e.g. joint between carpal of
ethidium bromide, proflavine, etc. hand.
76. (d) Option (d) is incorrect, which can be corrected 79. (d) Acetobacter aceti produces acetic acid.
as: Methanobacterium produces Methane.
Krebs’ cycle starts with the condensation of acetyl Penicillium notatum produces Penicillin.
group with oxaloacetic acid and water to yield Saccharomyces cerevsiae produces ethanol.
citric acid.
80. (d) Frog heart is myogenic and autoexcitable. In 86. (a) There are three main types of RNA, i.e. rRNA,
this conditions, contraction of the heart originates tRNA and mRNA. rRNA is the most abundant
within the muscles itself. When muscles are form of RNA; because it is responsible for coding
contracting. They are releasing heat, which keeps and protein synthesis in the cell and associated
the electrochemical reactions in muscles going so with ribosomes. mRNA provides the template for
the muscles of heart keep contracting after the translation. tRNA brings amino acids and reads
removal of heart from the body. the genetic code.
81. (a) The myelin sheath is a greatly extended and 87. (c) Vascular cambium located between xylem
modified plasma membrane wrapped around the and phloem in the stems and roots of vascular
nerve axon in a spiral fashion. It is originated from plants. It produces secondary xylem towards the
Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system pith and secondary phloem towards the bark.
and oligodendroglial cells in the central nervous Phellogen is made of narrow thin-walled and
system. nearly rectangular cells. phellogen cuts off cells
82. (d) Capacitation is a process, where the on both sides. The outer cells differentiate into
spermatozoa acquire the capacity to fertilise the cork or phellem while inner cells differentiate
eggs. It occurs in female reproductive tract. into secondary cortex or phelloderm. The
Concept Enhancer phellogen, phellem and phelloderm are
collectively known as periderm.
Capacitation involves following changes
(i) Dilution of inhibitory factors of semen. 88. (b) During mitosis following events occurs as
their is condensation of chromosomal
(ii) Removal of cholestrol vesicles covering sperm
material, which takes place at an early
head and acrosome.
prophase stage. During late prophase nuclear
(iii) Increase in the permeability of acrosome. membrane disintegrates. Then chromosomes
83. (c) The edible part of coconut is endosperm. get arranged at equator in the metaphase stage.
Coconut water is free nuclear endosperm and After that splitting of centromere and
white kernel is the cellular endosperm. segregation of chromosomes occur in the
84. (c) Phellem or cork is a tissue formed on the outer anaphase stage. In telophase stage
side of cork cambium. It is composed of dead cells. chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell.
The cell wall become impermeable due to It is last stage of mitosis.
suberisation. 89. (d) Pancreas consist of exocrine and endocrine
85. (c) Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) is a part. Exocrine part secrets alkaline pancreatic
general term referred to the method used to juice. This juice contains trypsinogen,
achieve pregnancy by artificial means or partial chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, lipase,
artificial means and is primarily used in infertility amylase, elastase.
treatment. Artificial insemination is a type of Concept Enhancer Renin and pepsin enzymes
ARTs. are present in gastric juice. Maltase is present in
In artificial insemination, the semen is collected the intestinal juice.
either from husband or a healthy donor and then 90. (b) Attractant and rewards are required for
artificially introduced into the vagina or into the entomophily (insect pollination). Flowers
uterus of the female. It is commonly used in cases, produce specific odour and nectar to attract the
where male partners are unable to inseminate the insect for effective pollination. Entomophilous
female due to very low sperm counts in the flowers are large with bright colours.
ejaculate.