QS 015/1

Matriculation Programme
Examination
Semester I
Session 2017/2018

Chow Choon Wooi

PSPM I QS015/1 Session 2017/2018

2 3
1. Given matrix 𝐴 = ( ) such that 𝐴2 + 𝛼𝐴 + 𝛽𝐼 = 0, 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are constants, where 𝐼
−2 5
and 𝑂 are identity matrix and zero matrix of 2 𝑥 2 respectively. Determine the value of
𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽.
2. Solve the equation 32𝑥+1 − (16)3𝑥 + 5 = 0.
3. The first and three more successive terms in a geometric progression are given as follows:
7, …, 189, y, 1701, …
Obtain the common ratio r. Hence, find the smallest integer n such that the n-th term
exceeds 10,000.
1
𝑥 2
4. a) Expand (1 − ) in ascending power of 𝑥 up to the term in 𝑥 3 and state the interval
3

of 𝑥 for which the expansion is valid.

1
𝑥 2
b) From part 4(a), express √9 − 3𝑥 in the form of 𝑎 (1 − ), where 𝑎 is an integer.
3

c) Hence, by substituting the suitable value of 𝑥, approximate √8.70 correct to two

decimal places.
5. Solve the equation 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2 .
6. Given a complex number 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑖.
1
a. Express 𝑧̅ − in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers.
𝑧̅
1
b. Obtain |𝑧̅ − |. Hence, determine the values of real numbers 𝛼 and 𝛽 if 𝛼 +
𝑧̅

1 1 2
𝛽𝑖 = |𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ | (𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ ) .

7. Find the interval of 𝑥 for which the following inequalities are true.
5
a. 𝑥+3
− 1 ≤ 0.
3𝑥−2
b. |2𝑥+3| > 2.

8. Consider functions of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1, 𝑥 > 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 1), 𝑥 > 0.
a. Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) and 𝑔−1 (𝑥), and state the domain and range for each of the
inverse function.
b. Obtain (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥). Hence, evaluate (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(2).
1
9. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−5.

a. Find the domain and range of 𝑔(𝑥).

b. Show that 𝑔(𝑥) is a one-to-one function. Hence, find 𝑔−1 (𝑥).
c. On the same axis, sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔−1 (𝑥).
d. Show that 𝑔 𝑜 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑥.
10. Given the system of linear equations as follow:

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2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 77
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 114
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 48
a. Express the system of equations in the form of matrix equation 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 where
𝑥
𝑥 = (𝑦). Hence, determine matrix 𝐴 and matrix 𝐵.
𝑧
b. Based on part 10(a), obtain |𝐴|.
Hence, find
i. |𝑃| if 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐼, where 𝐼 is an identity matrix 3 𝑥 3.
ii. |𝑄| if 𝑄 = (2𝐴)𝑇 .
iii. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴.
Hence, obtain 𝐴−1 and find the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧.

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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2 3
1. Given matrix 𝐴 = ( ) such that 𝐴2 + 𝛼𝐴 + 𝛽𝐼 = 0, 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 are constants, where 𝐼
−2 5
and 𝑂 are identity matrix and zero matrix of 2 𝑥 2 respectively. Determine the value of
𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽.

SOLUTION

2 3
𝐴=( )
−2 5

𝐴2 + 𝛼𝐴 + 𝛽𝐼 = 0
2 3 2 3 2 3 1 0 0 0
( )( )+𝛼( )+𝛽( )=( )
−2 5 −2 5 −2 5 0 1 0 0

4−6 6 + 15 2𝛼 3𝛼 𝛽 0 0 0
( )+( )+( )=( )
−4 − 10 −6 + 25 −2𝛼 5𝛼 0 𝛽 0 0

−2 21 2𝛼 3𝛼 𝛽 0 0 0
( )+( )+( )=( )
−14 19 −2𝛼 5𝛼 0 𝛽 0 0

−2 + 2𝛼 + 𝛽 21 + 3𝛼 0 0
( )=( )
−14 − 2𝛼 19 + 5𝛼 + 𝛽 0 0

21 + 3𝛼 = 0
𝛼 = −7

−2 + 2𝛼 + 𝛽 = 0
−2 + 2(−7) + 𝛽 = 0
𝛽 = 16

∴ 𝛼 = −7, 𝛽 = 16

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2. Solve the equation 32𝑥+1 − (16)3𝑥 + 5 = 0.

SOLUTION

32𝑥+1 − (16)3𝑥 + 5 = 0
32𝑥 31 − (16)3𝑥 + 5 = 0
3. (3𝑥 )2 − (16)3𝑥 + 5 = 0
Let 𝑦 = 3𝑥
3𝑦 2 − 16𝑦 + 5 = 0
(3𝑦 − 1)(𝑦 − 5) = 0
(3𝑦 − 1) = 0 (𝑦 − 5) = 0
1
𝑦=3 𝑦=5
1
3𝑥 = 3 3𝑥 = 5

3𝑥 = 3−1 ln 3𝑥 = ln 5
𝑥 = −1 𝑥 ln 3 = ln 5
𝑥 = 1.465

∴ 𝑥 = −1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1.465

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3. The first and three more successive terms in a geometric progression are given as follows:
7, … , 189, 𝑦, 1701, …
Obtain the common ratio r. Hence, find the smallest integer n such that the n-th term
exceeds 10,000.

SOLUTION
7, … , 189, 𝑦, 1701, …
𝑎=7
𝑦 1701
=
189 𝑦
𝑦 2 = 321489
𝑦 = 567
567
𝑟=
189
𝑟=3
𝑇𝑛 > 10000
𝑎𝑟 𝑛−1 > 10000
(7)3𝑛−1 > 10000
3𝑛−1 > 1428.57
ln 3𝑛−1 > ln 1428.57
(𝑛 − 1) ln 3 > ln 1428.57
(𝑛 − 1) > 6.61
𝑛 > 6.61 + 1
𝑛 > 7.61
𝑛=8

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1
𝑥 2
4. a) Expand (1 − ) in ascending power of 𝑥 up to the term in 𝑥 3 and state the interval
3

of 𝑥 for which the expansion is valid.

1
𝑥 2
b) From part 4(a), express √9 − 3𝑥 in the form of 𝑎 (1 − 3
), where 𝑎 is an integer.

c) Hence, by substituting the suitable value of 𝑥, approximate √8.70 correct to two

decimal places.

SOLUTION

1 1 1 1 1 1 3
𝑥 2 ( )
2 𝑥 1 ( )(− )
2 2 𝑥 2 ( )(− )(− )
2 2 2 𝑥 3
a. (1 − 3) = 1 + 1!
(− 3) + 2!
(− 3) + 3!
(− 3)

𝑥 1 𝑥2 3 𝑥3
=1− − ( )− ( )
6 8 9 48 27

𝑥 𝑥2 3 𝑥3
=1− − − ( )
6 72 48 27

1 1 1 3
= 1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥2 − 𝑥
6 72 432

The interval of 𝑥 for which the expansion is valid:

𝑥
| |<1
3

𝑥
−1 < <1
3

−3 < 𝑥 < 3

1
b. √9 − 3𝑥 = (9 − 3𝑥)2
1
1 3𝑥 2
= 92 (1 − )
9
1
𝑥 2
= 3 (1 − )
3

c. √8.70 = √9 − 3(0.01)

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𝑥 = 0.01

1
𝑥 2
√9 − 3𝑥 = 3 (1 − )
3

1 1 1 3
√9 − 3𝑥 = 3 [1 − 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 ]
6 72 432

1 1 1
√9 − 3(0.01) = 3 [1 − (0.01) − (0.01)2 − (0.01)3 ]
6 72 432

√8.7 = 2.95

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5. Solve the equation 3 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2 .

SOLUTION

3 𝑙𝑜𝑔9 𝑥 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2

3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 9
3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 32
3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2
2𝑙𝑜𝑔3 3
3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2
2
3𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 = 2(𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥)2
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥
3𝑦 = 2𝑦 2
2𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑦(2𝑦 − 3) = 0
𝑦=0 2𝑦 − 3 = 0
3
𝑦=0 𝑦=2
3
𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 = 0 𝑙𝑜𝑔3 𝑥 = 2
3
𝑥 = 30 𝑥 = 32
𝑥=1 𝑥 = 5.196

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6. Given a complex number 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑖.

1
a. Express 𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ in the form 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖, where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers.
1
b. Obtain |𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ |. Hence, determine the values of real numbers 𝛼 and 𝛽 if

1 1 2
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = |𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ | (𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ ) .

SOLUTION
(a) 𝑧 = 2 + 𝑖
1 1
𝑧̅ − = (2 − 𝑖) −
𝑧̅ 2−𝑖
1 (2 + 𝑖)
= (2 − 𝑖) −
(2 − 𝑖) (2 + 𝑖)
(2 + 𝑖)
= (2 − 𝑖) −
4 + 2𝑖 − 2𝑖 − 𝑖 2
(2 + 𝑖)
= (2 − 𝑖) −
5
2 1
=2−𝑖− − 𝑖
5 5
8 6
= − 𝑖
5 5

1 8 6
(b) |𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅ | = |5 − 5 𝑖|

8 2 6 2
= √( ) + ( )
5 5

64 36
=√ +
25 25

100
=√
25

= √4
=2

1 1 2
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = |𝑧̅ − | (𝑧̅ − )
𝑧̅ 𝑧̅

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8 6 2
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = 2 ( − 𝑖)
5 5
8 2 8 6 6 2
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = 2 [( ) − 2 ( ) ( ) 𝑖 + ( 𝑖) ]
5 5 5 5
64 96 36
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = 2 [ − 𝑖− ]
25 25 25
28 96
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = 2 [ − 𝑖]
25 25
56 192
𝛼 + 𝛽𝑖 = − 𝑖
25 25
56 192
𝛼 = 25 𝛽=− 25

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7. Find the interval of 𝑥 for which the following inequalities are true.
5
a. −1 ≤ 0
𝑥+3
3𝑥−2
b. |
2𝑥+3
|>2

SOLUTION

5
a) 𝑥+3
−1 ≤ 0
5 − (𝑥 + 3)
≤0
𝑥+3
5−𝑥−3
≤0
𝑥+3
2−𝑥
≤0
𝑥+3
2−𝑥 =0 𝑥+3=0
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −3

(−∞, −3) (−3, 2) (2, ∞)

2−𝑥 + + -
𝑥+3 - + +
2−𝑥
- + -
𝑥+3

{𝑥: 𝑥 < −3 ∪ 𝑥 ≥ 2}

3𝑥−2 |𝑥| > 𝑎 ⟺ 𝑥 > 𝑎 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 < −𝑎

b) |2𝑥+3| > 2

3𝑥 − 2 𝑜𝑟 3𝑥 − 2
>2 < −2
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3
3𝑥 − 2 3𝑥 − 2
−2>0 +2<0
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3
(3𝑥 − 2) − 2(2𝑥 + 3) (3𝑥 − 2) + 2(2𝑥 + 3)
>0 <0
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3
3𝑥 − 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 3𝑥 − 2 + 4𝑥 + 6
>0 <0
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3
−𝑥 − 8 7𝑥 + 4
>0 <0
2𝑥 + 3 2𝑥 + 3

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−𝑥 − 8 = 0 2𝑥 + 3 = 0 7𝑥 + 4 = 0 2𝑥 + 3 = 0
3 4 3
𝑥 = −8 𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −7 𝑥 = −2
3 3 3 3 4 4
(−∞, −8) (−8, − ) (− , ∞) (−∞, − ) (− , − ) (− , ∞)
2 2 2 2 7 7
−𝑥 − 8 + - - 7𝑥 + 4 - - +
2𝑥 + 3 - - + 2𝑥 + 3 - + +
−𝑥 − 8
2𝑥 + 3
- + -
7𝑥 + 4
2𝑥 + 3
+ - +

3 3 4
(−8, − ) or (− , − )
2 2 7

3 4
−8 − −
2 7

3 3 4
(−8, − ) ∪ (− , − )
2 2 7

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8. Consider functions of 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1, 𝑥 > 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 1), 𝑥 > 0.
a. Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) and 𝑔−1 (𝑥), and state the domain and range for each of the
inverse function.
b. Obtain (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥). Hence, evaluate (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(2).

SOLUTION

𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 1, 𝑥>2

𝑔(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 + 1), 𝑥 > 0.

(a) Let 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)

𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑥
(𝑦 − 2)2 + 1 = 𝑥
(𝑦 − 2)2 = 𝑥 − 1
𝑦 − 2 = √𝑥 − 1
𝑦 = √𝑥 − 1 + 2
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = √𝑥 − 1 + 2
Let 𝑦 = 𝑔−1 (𝑥)
𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑥
ln(𝑦 + 1) = 𝑥
𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥 − 1
𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 1
𝐷𝑓−1 : (1, ∞)
𝑅𝑓−1 : (2, ∞)
𝐷𝑔−1 : (0, ∞)
𝑅𝑔−1 : (0, ∞)

(b) (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥)
𝑔[𝑓(𝑥)] = 𝑔[(𝑥 − 2)2 + 1]
= ln[[(𝑥 − 2)2 + 1] + 1]
= ln[(𝑥 − 2)2 + 2]

(𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(2) = ln[(2 − 2)2 + 2]

= ln[2]

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1
9. Given the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−5.

a. Find the domain and range of 𝑔(𝑥).

b. Show that 𝑔(𝑥) is a one-to-one function. Hence, find 𝑔−1 (𝑥).
c. On the same axis, sketch the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔−1 (𝑥).
d. Show that 𝑔 𝑜 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑥.

SOLUTION
1
𝑔(𝑥) =
2𝑥 − 5

(a) 𝐷𝑔 : 2𝑥 − 5 ≠ 0
5
𝑥≠
2
5 5
𝐷𝑔 : (−∞, ) ∪ ( , ∞)
2 2
𝑅𝑔 : (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)

1
(b) 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥−5
1
𝑔(𝑥1 ) =
2𝑥1 − 5
1
𝑔(𝑥2 ) =
2𝑥2 − 5
Let 𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑔(𝑥2 )
1 1
=
2𝑥1 − 5 2𝑥2 − 5
2𝑥1 − 5 = 2𝑥2 − 5
2𝑥1 = 2𝑥2
𝑥1 = 𝑥2
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑥1 = 𝑥2 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑔(𝑥1 ) = 𝑔(𝑥2 ), 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

Let 𝑦 = 𝑔−1 (𝑥)

𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑥
1
=𝑥
2𝑦 − 5
1
2𝑦 − 5 =
𝑥
1
2𝑦 = +5
𝑥

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1 + 5𝑥
2𝑦 =
𝑥
1 + 5𝑥
𝑦=
2𝑥
1 + 5𝑥
𝑔−1 (𝑥) =
2𝑥

(c)

𝑦=𝑥

𝑔−1 (𝑥)
𝑔(𝑥)

(d) 𝑔 𝑜 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑔[𝑔−1 (𝑥)]

1 + 5𝑥
= 𝑔[ ]
2𝑥
1
=
1 + 5𝑥
2 [ 2𝑥 ] − 5
1
=
1 + 5𝑥
[ 𝑥 ]−5
1
=
1 + 5𝑥 − 5𝑥
[ 𝑥 ]
1
=
1
[𝑥 ]

=𝑥

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10. Given the system of linear equations as follow:

2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 77
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 114
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 48
a. Express the system of equations in the form of matrix equation 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 where
𝑥
𝑥 = (𝑦). Hence, determine matrix 𝐴 and matrix 𝐵.
𝑧
b. Based on part 10(a), obtain |𝐴|.
Hence, find
i. |𝑃| if 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐼, where 𝐼 is an identity matrix 3 𝑥 3.
ii. |𝑄| if 𝑄 = (2𝐴)𝑇 .
iii. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴.
Hence, obtain 𝐴−1 and find the values of 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧.

SOLUTION
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 𝑧 = 77
4𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 7𝑧 = 114
2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 48
(a)
2 4 1 𝑥 77
(4 3 𝑦
7) ( ) = (114)
2 1 3 𝑧 48

𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
2 4 1 77
𝐴 = (4 3 7); 𝐵 = (114)
2 1 3 48

(b)
4 7
|𝐴| = +(2) |3 7
| − (4) | | + (1) |
4 3
|
1 3 2 3 2 1
= 2(9 − 7) − 4(12 − 14) + (4 − 6)
= 2(2) − 4(−2) + (−2)
= 10

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PSPM I QS015/1 Session 2017/2018

(i) 𝑃𝐴 = 𝐼
𝑃 = 𝐴−1 𝐼𝑓 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐴 = 𝐵−1

|𝑃| = |𝐴−1 |
1 1
= |𝐴−1 | =
|𝐴| |𝐴|
1
=
10

(ii) 𝑄 = (2𝐴)𝑇 (𝑘𝐴)𝑇 = 𝑘𝐴𝑇

|𝑄| = |(2𝐴)𝑇 |
= 23 |𝐴𝑇 | 𝐼𝑓 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 |𝑘𝐴| = 𝑘 𝑛 |𝐴|

= 8|𝐴|
|𝐴|𝑇 = |𝐴|
= 8(10)
= 80

(iii) 𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = 𝐶 𝑇

2 4 1
𝐴 = (4 3 7)
2 1 3
3 7 4 7 4 3
+| | −| | +| |
1 3 2 3 2 1
4 1 2 1 2 4
𝐶𝑜𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟, 𝐶 = − | | +| | −| |
1 3 2 3 2 1
4 1 2 1 2 4
(+ |3 7
| −|
4 7
| +|
4 3)
|

2 2 −2
= (−11 4 6 )
25 −10 −10
𝑎𝑑𝑗 (𝐴) = 𝐶 𝑇
2 2 −2 𝑇
= (−11 4 6 )
25 −10 −10
2 −11 25
=( 2 4 −10)
−2 6 −10

1
𝐴−1 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗(𝐴)
|𝐴|
1 2 −11 25
= (2 4 −10)
10
−2 6 −10

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PSPM I QS015/1 Session 2017/2018

2 −11 25
10 10 10
2 4 −10
=
10 10 10
−2 6 −10
( 10 10 10 )

1 −11 5
5 10 2
1 2
= −1
5 5
−1 3
(5 −1)
5

𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵
𝐴−1 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝐼𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵
𝑋 = 𝐴−1 𝐵

1 −11 5
𝑥 5 10 2
1 2 77
(𝑦) = −1 (114 )
𝑧 5 5 48
−1 3
(5 −1 )
5
10
= (13)
5

∴ 𝑥 = 10, 𝑦 = 13, 𝑧 = 5

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