IMPORTANT DERIVATIONS 3 marks de! Derive the mirror formula for concave mirror. Let, P= pole and F=principal focus, Object AB is place beyond C and the real image formed by it is A'B' between F and C From similar triangles A'B'C and ABC ase... (V) WB BIC From similar triangles A'B'F and DNF bv _ FN 42g) were pea ae on O From (1) and (2) ac _FN__ Fe wc ~ BF BF e Pe-Pe = —*? (+ the aperture is small, FN=FP) Pe-Pa: ~ PBr=PF Using sign convention, the above equation can be written as awe) _-t =v) © == Or, 2f? — vf = —uf + uv + 2f? — 2fv Or, fvtuf=uy Dividing both sides by uvf, we get 1 Or, 242° which is the required formula. . Show that refractive index = real depth/apparent depth. ‘0’ is the object lying at the bottom of a tank containing water. is its virtual image. From Snell’s law, “ng = 2 ince the aperture of the eye is very small, the two rays: from A and B will enter the eye, only if B lies very close toA. Then, BO’~AO’ and BO=AO. ‘AO __Realdepth {Ror ~ Apparent depth Derive the relation between critical angle and refrac When a ray of light passes through denser (water toa rarer (air) medium, then, according to Snell’s law, when,4. Obtain lens formula for a thin convex lens when the image is real. Let, O = optic centre, F, and F2 be the principal foci. Object AB is place beyond F, and the real image formed by it is A'B" beyond Fs. From similar triangles A'B' F) and ONF; aver _F2k) | aver _ FRA 1 osteo eee From similar triangles A'B'O and ABO NB _ oar 2 ‘AB OA a From (1) and (2) F2ar _ oar ‘OF2 ~ 0A oAr-0F2 _ Oar OFZ” OA; Using sign convention, the above equation can be written as Or, On cross-multiplying, we get, vf=-uv+uf Dividing both sides by uve, we get, which is the required formula Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f; and f; are kept in contact with each other coaxially. Deduce an expression for the effective focal length of the combination. Let a point object ‘O" is placed on the common principal axis. f; and f; be the focal lengths of lenses Liand Ly In the absence of L2, the image formed by L; will be at I 1a So, hou a) In the presence of second lens L2, I; will be the virtual object and the final image will be formed at L Adding equations (1) and (2), we get roe 1 pan u Now, if the lens combination is replaced by a single lens of focal length * f” , then From equations (3) and (4), This is the required relation. Derive an expression for dispersive power of a prism. angular dispersion Dispersive power, W = 7 -iction forthe mean wavelength ay Substituting the values of 5, & Sp, we get, — May-1)A}{(nn-DA) _ nv-ne (nya y=7. What ismeant by ‘normal adjustment’ in case of an astronorrical telescope? With thehdp of a neat and labeled ray diagram, obtain an expression for the magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment. Definition: - When the final image is formed by the telescope at infinity, then the telescope is said to be in normal adjustment. eye lens Ray diagram: fan B _ b/fe _ fo TE = which is the required relation, . In the experiment on diffraction due to a single slit, show that the angular width of the central maximum is twice that of the first order secondary maximum. The general maximum has between first minima on either side of the central maxima. We know that, If ‘d” is the width of slit, for first minima, dsind =2>d0=% (+ for small angles, sind=0) Y= Ya ap Hence, whole width on secondary maxima on one side is. > A first min. <_2DA The angular width of the central maxima = “* So, angular width of the central maxima is twice that of the first order secondary maximum. . An unpolarised light is incident on the boundary between two transparent medi: itate the condition when the reflected wave is totally plane polarized. Find out the expression for the angle of incidence in this case, Condition: The reflected ray is totally plane polarized, when reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. (90° — iy)... (2)