[ESCALATOR IN THE SHOPPING COMPLEX] [Pick the date]

INTRODUCTION

An escalator is a moving staircase, a conveyor transport device for carrying people between
floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that
move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.

Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in places
where elevators would be impractical. Principal areas of usage include department stores,
shopping malls, airports, transit systems, convention centers, hotels, arenas, stadiums, train
stations (subways) and public buildings.

Escalators have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed
in the same physical space as one might install a staircase. They have no waiting interval
(except during very heavy traffic), they can be used to guide people toward main exits or special
exhibits, and they may be weatherproofed for outdoor use. A non-functioning escalator can
function as a normal staircase, whereas many other conveyances become useless when they
break down.

Escalator is provided in order to help reducing traffic jammed especially during peak time
for example when school holiday, festive season, end of year and so on. It also can reduce
waiting time for occupants who want to move to another level. Escalator also can accommodate
more occupants at one time rather than lifts. The angle of inclination of escalator usually can be
30-35. Its flexible load help to move more occupants at one time and it also have the maximum
load or number of occupants that can stand on it at one times, just like lift but the different is it
maximum load is bigger than lift.

The scopes of study also involve us to know what is the type or method used in a
building. The types of escalator system depend on function of the building.
Every installation must be identifying the problem according to Uniform Building By Law (UBBL).
These are to avoid from causing major problems.

 To carry out a case study about escalator system in building.

 To study about the installation of escalator system in building.
 To identify what types of escalator used in building.
 To identify the system used according to Uniform Building By Law (UBBL)

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BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY

The case study for our project is a shopping complex known as Tropicana City Mall. Tropicana
City Mall is a mixed-used building which consists of shopping malls, an office block and
condominiums. This building is located in Damansara Utama, a suburb in the northern part of
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia and located near Damansara Link of Sprint Expressway.[3] It
was officially opened on December 18, 2008 by Dijaya Corporation Berhad (now Tropicana
Corporation Sdn Bhd)

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This mall consists of more than 200 retail lots, coffeehouses and restaurants. At the
opening, the main anchor for this mall was Carrefour while other anchors will include Toys R
Us and Borders Bookstore, Golden Screen Cinemas; the main cinema of Tropicana City Malls
was opened on July 2009. On February 2010, Pos Malaysia officially opened its post office in
this mall and it was the 100th post office to be opened in Malaysia. Tropicana city mall also
consists of three level of basements parking and three levels of retail shops which are located in
lower ground floor, ground floor, first floor and second floor.

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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
The escalator consists of a staircase with steps moving up or down on tracks, that keeps the
surfaces of the individual steps horizontal. Escalators are typically used in pairs with one going
up and another one going down. Some escalators have glass sides that reveal their workings.
Although most escalators are straight, some used curved designs. Most escalators have moving
handrails that approximately keep pace with the movement of the steps.

The direction of escalators’ movement can be either permanently the same controlled by
personnel or automatically be controlled by whoever arrives first, whether at the bottom or the
top which the system is programmed so that the direction is not reserved while somebody is on
the escalator.

Escalator might not be as good as an elevator at lifting people dozens of stories, but it is
much better at moving people in a short distance. This is because of the escalator’s high loading
rate. Once an elevator is filled up, people have to wait for it to reach its floor and return before
anyone else can get on. On a escalator, as soon as it loads one person, there is always space
for another.

Escalator speeds vary from about 90 feet per minute to 180 feet per minute (27 to 55
meters per minute). An escalator moving 145 feet (44 m) per minute can carry more than 10,000
people an hour -- many more people than a standard elevator.

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COMPONENTS
Landing
The floor plates are level with the finished floor and are either hinged or removable to permit
access to the machine spacer under them. The comb plate is the piece between stationary
landing and moving step. It slants down slightly so that the comb teeth fit between the cleats on
the steps.

Truss
Truss is basically a hollow box made of two side sections joined together with transverse braces
across the bottom and just below the top. The ends of the truss rest on concrete or steel
supports.

Steps
Steps are a precision die-cast unit , tread surfaces, riser and side shields form an integral unit
made of corrosion proof light-metal. The tread surface is longitudinally cleated to a fine pitch and
affords a secure foothold. The step rollers are fitted with first class ball bearings and oil and
grease resistant rubber types, securely vulcanized to its light-metal body.

Track
Track is built into the truss to guide the step chain, which pulls the steps through an endless
loop. There are two tracks which is at the front of the step, called step-wheel track and the other
one is the trailer wheel of the step, called the trailer-wheel track. The relative position of these
tracks causes the steps to appear from under the comb plates to form a staircase and disappear
back into the truss.

Handrail
Handrails are made of special composition and having a high quality pre handrail drive stretched
multiply carcass with steel-flex reinforcing. The rubber quality offers longevity as regards
appearance of the exposed surface. The handrails are guided throughout their travelling length
and are held in guide rollers.

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DRAWINGS
The escalator used is the one with the inclination of 30° and 35°. The figure below is the
drawings of the escalator used in our case study.

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INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

Tests and Inspections during Installation

Certain tests will be carried out on different systems of the installation during construction to
ensure their suitability for operating at the design conditions. Prior to the installation, certain tests
and inspections shall also be carried out to ensure that proper materials and equipment
complying with the specification are provided and that the site conditions are satisfactory and
suitable for the execution of the installation. Certificates of such tests have to be issued together
with:

A. Tests/Inspections to be carried out before installation

a) Factory Tests and Off-site Tests

b) Site Inspection prior to Delivery of Equipment

c) Access

d) Barrier

e) Lighting

f) Storage of Equipment

g) Inspection of Major Materials/Equipment delivered to site

h) Check against approved lists

i) Check for any abnormalities

j) Escalator Pit Inspection

k) Dimension

l) Finishes

m) Adequacy and accuracy of builder’s work provision

n) Adequacy and accuracy of associated builder’s work and building services provisions

Other tests/inspections relating to setting-outs, safety and quality etc required before
commencing installation works

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B. Escalator and Passenger Conveyor Installation

a) Combs
b) Handrails
c) Brakes
d) Footlights and step lights
e) Safety devices
f) Driving machinery
g) Machinery space
h) Control station
i) Controller
j) Functional tests on automatic operations (for service-on-demand control only)
k) Miscellaneous items

C. Escalator and Passenger Conveyor Installation

a) Static examination
b) Dynamic test
c) Electrical system
d) Clearance
e) Half hour run
f) General
g) Other tests, inspection and examination as required

D. Vertical Lifting Platform Installation

a) Door/Gate lock
b) Driving machine
c) Hydraulic control device
d) Control system
e) Control stations
f) Safety devices
g) Miscellaneous items

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OPERATIONAL WORKS OF AN ESCALATOR

The core of an escalator is a pair of chains, looped around two pairs of gears. An electric
motor turns the drive gears at the top, which rotate the chain loops. A typical escalator uses a
100 horsepowermotor to rotate the gears. The motor and chain system are housed inside
the truss, a metal structure extending between two floors.

Instead of moving a flat surface, as in a conveyer belt, the chain loops move a series of
steps. The coolest thing about an escalator is the way these steps move. As the chains move,
the steps always stay level. At the top and bottom of the escalator, the steps collapse on each
other, creating a flat platform. This makes it easier to get on and off the escalator. In the diagram
below, you can see how the escalator does all of this.

Each step in the escalator has two sets of wheels, which roll along two separate tracks.
The upper set (the wheels near the top of the step) are connected to the rotating chains, and so
are pulled by the drive gear at the top of the escalator. The other set of wheels simply glides
along its track, following behind the first set.

The tracks are spaced apart in such a way that each step will always remain level. At the
top and bottom of the escalator, the tracks level off to a horizontal position, flattening the
stairway. Each step has a series of grooves in it, so it will fit together with the steps behind it and
in front of it during this flattening.

In addition to rotating the main chain loops, the electric motor in an escalator also moves
the handrails. A handrail is simply a rubber conveyer belt that is looped around a series of
wheels. This belt is precisely configured so that it moves at exactly the same speed as the steps,
to give riders some stability.

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OPERATING CONTROLS

For the owner or operator, the only controls for the operation of the escalator or moving walk
involve starting and stopping it. Authorized building personnel should be trained in the starting
and stopping of escalator and moving walks in order to be prepared in the event of an
emergency.

On-direction key switch

The on-direction switch is an operating key and conveniently located at both the top and bottom
of each escalator. Exact location may vary depending on model. Direction is controlled by the
on-direction switch. The switch is marked to indicate a clockwise turn for up operation and a
counter-clockwise turn for down operation. Turn the key to initiate travel in the desired direction.
Function and location are similar with moving walks. If you choose to change the direction of
travel in which your escalator has been operating for a significant period of time, contact your
service technician for guidance. Warning: Be sure no one is on the escalator or moving walk
when it is started.

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Off/emergency stop button

The stop button is a red pushbutton located on the top and bottom newels for convenient
accessibility in the event of an emergency. The newel is located at both ends of the escalator.
(Many older models have this feature next to the on-direction switch under the newel. Please
check your escalator immediately and inform all building personnel as to location of this button.)
The pushbutton functions both as a normal stop and emergency stop button.

Warning: Never stop the escalator or moving walk when passengers are riding except in an
emergency. Doing so may cause injury to passengers who may not be prepared for the stop. If
an emergency stop is necessary when riders are present, alert the riders before pushing the
emergency stop button. Re-start the escalator or moving walk only after the emergency
condition is resolved.

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MAINTENANCE
Care and cleaning
The balustrades of an escalator or moving walk come in various finishes. The following outlines
how to care for components of the system.

i) Glass
Glass should be cleaned with a quality glass cleaner. Do not lean over the handrails to clean
outside glass surfaces while standing on the escalator or moving walk as a loss of balance may
occur.

ii) Stainless steel and bronze areas

Apply a light spray coating and polish with a soft cloth. Avoid spraying this product on the
emergency stop buttons, keyed switches or over traffic areas.

iii) Skirts
Skirts, the vertical panels adjacent to the moving steps, should be carefully treated with a friction
reducing material by your escalator maintenance company. Do not apply cleaner or polish to the
skirt area as they remove the friction-reducing material.

iv) Aluminum steps

Brush the aluminum steps with a stiff broom to dislodge most dirt or debris. Do not attempt to
use liquids to clean the steps without first consulting a trained technician. Liquids could enter the
area below the steps and result in an unsafe condition. Do not polish the steps.

v) Synthetic yellow step inserts

Use a mild detergent and soap solution. Do not use any other cleaners, including steam jet
blowers. Avoid contact with oil or other lubricants.

vi) Handrails
Handrails should be cleaned periodically with a mixture of light detergent and water.

Warning: All cleaning of escalators and moving walks should be performed when the system is
not in operation and passengers are not present.

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SAFETY FEATURES AND DEVICES

Escalators and moving walks are equipped with numerous safety features to minimize the
chance of accidents or injuries. The following describes some of these safety features which
may be furnished with your escalator or moving walk, depending on model. Familiarize yourself
with your particular equipment and the safety features included. The features described below
apply to escalators and moving walks except where indicated.

i. Hold Handrail sign

The sign was designed to promote safety and comfort, and to help educate the public in
the proper ridership of escalators. The sign, which meets ASME A17.1 standards for
color and format in effect at the time of installation, is affixed to the balustrade at both
sides and ends of the escalator.

ii. Handrail entry protection device

This device helps prevent hand injuries by using a safety switch which automatically
stops the escalator should an object become wedged between the handrail and
balustrade.

iii. Narrow pitch step treads

Step treads are made of die-cast aluminum and feature narrow grooves for passenger
comfort and safety. The narrow pitch treads help prevent objects from being entangled at
the comb plate, and provide a more stable platform on which to stand.

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iv. Comb plate and comb fingers

Comb plates are an extruded aluminum assembly located at each escalator entrance
and exit. They provide a stable entrance and exit platform. The comb fingers are
sometimes of a contrasting high-visibility yellow color. The contrast may assist the
passenger in distinguishing between the stationary comb plate and the moving step.
Comb fingers protrude into the step tread and help prevent objects from being caught
under the comb plate.

v. Grooved risers
Grooved risers allow a combing action between the back of a step and the adjacent riser
of the next step. This helps prevent objects from being caught between the steps.
(Escalators only.)

vi. Under step lighting

Fluorescent lamps mounted below the steps at entrances and exits clearly outline the
separation between adjacent steps. This feature may help the passengers avoid stepping
on the separation when stepping onto and off of the escalator. (Escalators only.)

vii. Soffit guards

Soffit guards may be installed between the inclined deck of the escalator and the
building’s ceiling soffit to prevent objects from being wedged at the junction. (Escalators
only.)

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viii. Safety switches

There are number of safety switches designed to detect unusual or unsafe conditions.
Most will stop the escalator automatically when activated. Prior to re-starting your
escalator, contact trained escalator maintenance personnel for an equipment check. The
particular features of your system should be discussed with your service representative.

ix. Skirt brush

A long continuous brush made of stiff bristles runs up to the sides of the escalator just
above the step level. This helps keep loose garments and curios hands away from the
dangerous gap between the moving stairs and the side panel.

x. Intelligent Brake System

Thanks to the direction-dependent braking torque, Schindler's unique brake system
minimizes the risk of falling in emergency stop situations.

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xi. Duplex Drive Chain

A proactive safety measure, two parallel chain strands guarantee safe form closure of the
main escalator components.

xii. Yellow Plastic Safety Demarcations

State of the art: fire resistant and oil resistant material.

xiii. LED Step Gap Lighting, LED Comb Lighting

Readily visible entry and exit points make it easy and safe to enter and exit the unit - a
particular benefit for the older generation and the visually disabled.

xiv. Skirt Gap Cover

Although the gap between steps and skirting is already minimized, skirt brushes provide
extra safety. This helps avoid entrapment, which is especially important for children's
small feet and for passengers wearing rubber soles and flip flops.

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xv. Hazard signs

At the side of the thread, there are a few warning sign for passenger to make sure their
safety while using an escalator.

xvi. MICONIC F – intelligent microprocessor controller

Two independent safety circuits control each safety device in real time. Double check
means double safety. A unique safety features from Schindler.

xvii. Anti-reversal check:

Speed and direction are monitored on the motor shaft, step band and handrail.

xviii. Electric anti-reversing device and phase monitoring:

These unique features prevent inadvertent direction changes.

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ADVANTAGES
i) Smooth operation
Schindler uses hydrolysis-resistant polyurethane step rollers. These are the most reliable rollers
on the market. They ensure smooth running even in tropical and subtropical regions.

ii) Long service life service

Schindler is committed to designing for a service life of over 20 years. For example, the
microprocessor-controlled lubrication system, which feeds the precise amount of lubricant to
every lubrication point. Such attention to detail ensures a long service life for all mechanical
parts.

iii) Quiet running – quiet drive units

The Schindler 9300AE is quieter in operation than other leading commercial escalator brands.

iv) Economical
The Schindler 9300 AE Standard Package of pre-engineered solutions covers the most common
customer specifications and delivers optimal price/performance.

v) Unique
The Schindler 9300 AE Custom Package maximizes your possibilities. A wide range of pre-
engineered and individualized solutions using robust components, an exciting color program and
variable dimensions for increased adaptability give us the flexibility to meet customer needs
applications with a rise of up to 42 ft (12.8 m).

vii) Safety
At Schindler, there is no margin for error when it comes to safety. All Schindler 9300 AE
escalators comply with all local and international safety standards, including ASME A17.1. Every
unit comprises over twenty important safety features.

x) Quality
All Schindler 9300 AE units are pre-engineered using cutting-edge technology and components
to provide the highest levels of quality and reliability. Part of an integrated worldwide
manufacturing network, all Schindler plants and processes are fully ISO certified.

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