THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 90 deg )

Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 90 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC.
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL. (m3)
900 1779 3500 3300 5349 4000 1496 400 96.802

Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 90 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.150 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 24.767 m2 Volume of soil = 3.715 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 2323.260 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 66.870 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 2390.130 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure =
Plan Area F.G.L.
96.507 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 539.810 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 2.38 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 2.000 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 5522.70 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

= 0.000 kN Tw

y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = T W * y + BF * x
= 1079.62 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
5522.696
FOT = = 5.1154 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
1079.621
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 929.304 kN
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW
 929.304
FS = = 1.7215 > 1.5 , Ok
539.810

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 809.715 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + B F * x

= 1619.431 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
5522.696
FOT = = 3.4103 > 1.13 , Ok
1619.431
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
929.304
FS = = 1.1477 > 1.13 , Ok
809.715

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
2323.260
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 60 deg )
Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 60 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL (m3)
900 1208 5110 442 6342 4000 1650 4250 67.796
steps 1 4 2 3
Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 60 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.150 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20
 Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 17.333 m2 Volume of soil = 2.600 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 1627.101 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 46.800 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 1673.900 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure = Plan Area
F.G.L.
96.572 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 381.704 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 1.814 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 2.000 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 2951.920 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

Tw
= 0.000 kN
y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = TW * y + BF * x
= 763.407 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
2951.920
FOT = = 3.8668 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
763.407
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 650.840 kN
 FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW

650.840
FS = = 1.7051 > 1.5 , Ok
381.704

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 572.555 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + BF * x

= 1145.111 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
2951.920
FOT = = 2.5778 > 1.13 , Ok
1145.111
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
650.840
FS = = 1.1367 > 1.13 , Ok
572.555

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
1627.101
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 45 deg )
Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 45 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL (m3)
900 1081 5174 467 4753 4000 2000 3600 52.633
steps 1 4 2 3
Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 45 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.150 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20
 Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 13.502 m2 Volume of soil = 2.025 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 1263.180 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 36.455 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 1299.636 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure = Plan Area
F.G.L.
96.255 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 292.143 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 1.879 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 2.000 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 2373.234 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

Tw
= 0.000 kN
y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = TW * y + BF * x
= 584.286 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
2373.234
FOT = = 4.0618 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
584.286
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 505.272 kN
 FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW

505.272
FS = = 1.7295 > 1.5 , Ok
292.143

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 438.215 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + BF * x

= 876.430 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
2373.234
FOT = = 2.7078 > 1.13 , Ok
876.430
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
505.272
FS = = 1.153 > 1.13 , Ok
438.215

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
1263.180
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 30 deg )
Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 30 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL (m3)
900 790 4975 491 3157 4000 2000 3150 35.285
steps 1 4 2 3
Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 30 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.150 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20
 Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 9.073 m2 Volume of soil = 1.361 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 846.841 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 24.496 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 871.337 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure = Plan Area
F.G.L.
96.041 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 197.584 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 1.881 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 2.000 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 1593.184 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

Tw
= 0.000 kN
y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = TW * y + BF * x
= 395.169 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
1593.184
FOT = = 4.0317 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
395.169
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 338.736 kN
 FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW

338.736
FS = = 1.7144 > 1.5 , Ok
197.584

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 296.376 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + BF * x

= 592.753 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
1593.184
FOT = = 2.6878 > 1.13 , Ok
592.753
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
338.736
FS = = 1.1429 > 1.13 , Ok
296.376

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
846.841
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 22.5 deg )
Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 22.5 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL (m3)
900 790 3923 964 2525 4000 1500 2500 26.374
steps 1 4 2 3
Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 22.5 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.150 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20
 Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 6.845 m2 Volume of soil = 1.027 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 632.980 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 18.481 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 651.461 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure = Plan Area
F.G.L.
95.176 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 148.933 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 1.669 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 2.000 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 1056.520 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

Tw
= 0.000 kN
y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = TW * y + BF * x
= 297.867 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
1056.520
FOT = = 3.547 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
297.867
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 253.192 kN
 FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW

253.192
FS = = 1.7 > 1.5 , Ok
148.933

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 223.400 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + BF * x

= 446.800 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
1056.520
FOT = = 2.3646 > 1.13 , Ok
446.800
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
253.192
FS = = 1.1334 > 1.13 , Ok
223.400

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
632.980
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 11.25 deg )
Horizontal Thrust

TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS

FOR 11.25 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST
PIPE
CONC
DIAMETER L A B C D E F
(mm) VOL (m3)
900 790 2836 1406 1964 3000 850 2000 13.333
steps 1 4 2 3
Design Parameters

Pipe Diameter (DP) = 900 mm

Angle of the bend (q) = 11.25 deg
Area of Pipe (AP) = 0.6362 m2

Unit weight of soil (gS) = 18 kN/m3

Unit weight of concrete (gC) = 24 kN/m3
Unit weight of water (w) = 10 kN/m3
Coefficient of friction (μ) = 0.40

Height of soil above thrust block (h1) = 0.650 m

Submerged height of thrust block (h2) = 0.000 m
Figure 1: Plan and Section for
horizontal thrust block

At Working Pressure
Working Pressure (PW) = 6 bars = 600 kN/m2 FGL = + 9.000
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.50 IL = + 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.50 GWT = + 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20

At Hydrotest Pressure
Working Pressure (PH) = 9 bars = 900 kN/m2
Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS) = 1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB) = 1.20
 Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) = 100 kPa

Check on Soil Bearing Pressure

Thrust Block Plan Area = 4.779 m2 Volume of soil = 3.107 m3

Wt of conc. (WC) = 319.996 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil = 55.919 kN (on top of thrust block)
ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil
= 375.916 kN
ΣV
Static vertical pressure = Plan Area
F.G.L.
78.653 kPa < SBC, Ok h1

Thrust Block Stability Check

GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar
h2
Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2
= 74.827 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Taking moments about O
A*(C+2B) Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged
x = 3(B+C) = 1.340 m height in a horizontal thrust block

y = D/2 = 1.500 m
WC
Resisting Moment (MR) = WC * x x

= 428.723 kN.m

Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub.

Tw
= 0.000 kN
y
Overturning Moment (MOT) = TW * y + BF * x
= 112.240 kN.m O
MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = BF
MOT
428.723
FOT = = 3.8197 > 1.5 , Ok Figure 3: Diagram of forces
112.240
on a horizontal thrust
b. Check against Sliding
Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ
= 127.998 kN
 FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) =
TW

127.998
FS = = 1.7106 > 1.5 , Ok
74.827

2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar

Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2
= 112.240 kN

a. Check against Overturning

Overturning Moment (MOT) = TH * y + BF * x

= 168.361 kN.m

MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) =
MOT
428.723
FOT = = 2.5465 > 1.13 , Ok
168.361
b. Check against Sliding
FR
Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TH
127.998
FS = = 1.1404 > 1.13 , Ok
112.240

3. Check against Bouyancy

Wt. of Conc
Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) = BF
319.996
FB = = N/A > 1.2 , Ok
0.000