Statically Indeterminate Beams

Statically Indeterminate
Structures

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically
For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Indeterminate Structures
Advantages:
• Smaller moments/stresses as compare to statically
determinate structures.
o e.g. Mmax = PL/4 and PL/8
• Smaller deflection.
• Tendency to redistribute its loads to its redundant
supports (in case of overloading or faulty design).
o Important in earthquake or unexpected wind loading.
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• Prevents from total collapse (formation of plastic

hinges).
• Discuss example of fixed-fixed beam and simply
supported beam.
• Thinner members.
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically
For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Indeterminate Structures
Disadvantages:
• Complex analysis.
• May become Costly (to add additional cost of supports
and joints).
• Not recommended in differential settlement soil
conditions (it causes internal stresses in the structures).
• Not recommended where there is possibility of
fabrication errors or significant temperature changes.
Javaid.Ahmad@nu.edu.pk

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of
Indeterminate
Structures

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically
For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Indeterminate Structures
Force method (or Flexibility or Compatibility method):
• Unknown variables: Forces or moments.
• Known variables Displacement

Displacement method (or Stiffness method):

• Unknown variables: Displacement.
• Known variables: Forces or moments
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Statically Indeterminate
Beams
(Force Method)

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate

For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Structures by the Force Method

 Force or Flexibility or Compatibility
method
 Developed by John Maxwell
(1864)
 Steps involved
 Transform actual structure (Fig. (a)
into equivalent Stat. Det. One ((b)).
 Write compatibility equations
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 Determine deflection
 Determine flexibility coefficients
o Theorem of Reciprocal
Displacement
fAB = fBA
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate

For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Structures by the Force Method (Cont’d)

 Solve compatibility equations for
unknown forces/reactions
 Calculate all the unknown and draw
SFD and BMD
Javaid.Ahmad@nu.edu.pk

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate

For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Structures by the Force Method (Cont’d)

 Now, choose moment as redundant force:
Javaid.Ahmad@nu.edu.pk

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Analysis of Statically Indeterminate

For Academic use only. No commercial use without prior permission of

Structures by the Force Method (Cont’d)

 Take a multiple redundant case:
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 Compatibility equations are

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 1
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Draw the SFD and BMD for the beam with one end Fixed and 2nd
end Roller. A concentrated load of 50 kN is acting at the midpoint.
Take the length L=12 m and EI is constant.
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 1:Solution
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Steps:
1. Equivalent structure,
2. Write compatibility equations
-ΔB + ByfBB = 0
3. Find deflection,
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Cantilever beam with point load at the tip

Δ(x) = P(x3-3Lx2)/(6EI)
ΔB =9000/EI
4. Determine flexibility coefficient,
fBB = (P=1)L3/(3EI) = 576/EI
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Sample Problem 1:Solution (Cont’d)

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 Solve Eq. developed in step 2,

By = 15.6 kN
 Other reactions,
Ay = 34.4 kN and MA = 112 kN-m (counterclockwise)

1. Draw SFD and BMD.

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 2
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Draw the SFD and BMD for Fixed-Fixed beam. The left half of
the beam is loaded with 2 kN/m uniformly distributed load. Take
the length L=20 m and EI is constant. Neglect the axial loading
effects (i.e. Ax = Bx = 0).
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 Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 2:Solution
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Steps:
1. Equivalent structure,
2. Write compatibility
equations
θA + MAαAA + MBαAB = 0
θB + MAαBA + MBαBB = 0
3. Find deflection,
SS beam AB with the left
half of the beam is
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loaded with uniformly

distributed load
θA =3wL3/(128EI), θB
=7wL3/(384EI)

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 Statically Indeterminate Beams

Sample Problem 2:Solution (Cont’d)

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 Determine rotational flexibility coefficient. A SS beam with

moment at right end (B) has slopes
θA = (M=1)L/(6EI), θB = (M=1)L/(3EI)
 Solve Eq. developed in step 2,
MA = -45.83 kN-m, MB = -20.83 kN-m
Ay = 16.25 kN, By = 3.75 kN
 Draw SFD and BMD.
Location for zero SF or Mmax is 8.125 m from A
Two Locations for zero M are 3.63 m and 14.4 m from A.
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Mmax = 20.2 kN-m

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