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Fluid Mechanics: Dr. Syed Zaheer Abbas

The document outlines the key topics covered in a fluid mechanics course, including: 1) Conservation laws for mass, energy, and momentum which relate fluid properties like mass and energy to velocity and each other. 2) The Bernoulli equation relating pressure, velocity, and elevation in steady, incompressible flow. 3) Mechanical energy in fluids and the transfer and efficiency of mechanical work through rotating shafts. 4) Viscosity and its relationship to laminar versus turbulent flow in pipes.

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203 views10 pages

Fluid Mechanics: Dr. Syed Zaheer Abbas

The document outlines the key topics covered in a fluid mechanics course, including: 1) Conservation laws for mass, energy, and momentum which relate fluid properties like mass and energy to velocity and each other. 2) The Bernoulli equation relating pressure, velocity, and elevation in steady, incompressible flow. 3) Mechanical energy in fluids and the transfer and efficiency of mechanical work through rotating shafts. 4) Viscosity and its relationship to laminar versus turbulent flow in pipes.

Uploaded by

Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluid Mechanics

Dr. Syed Zaheer Abbas

Department of Chemical Engineering


UET Lahore
Course Outline
(1) Characteristics of fluids and • (12) Viscous flow in pipes (13)
laws of fluid mechanics (2) Concept of laminar and turbulent
Hydrodynamic behavior of fluids flow (14) Concept of friction and
pressure drop in flowing fluids (15)
(3) Stress in a fluid (4) Newton’s
Friction factor in laminar and
law of viscosity (5) Fluid statics (6)
turbulent flows in pipes (16)
Concept of pressure and pressure Concept of equivalent diameter
gradient (7) Manometry (8) Basic (17) Flow measuring devices (a)
physical laws in fluid mechanics (9) Bernoulli devices (b) variable area
Conservation of mass, meters (18) Concept of boundary
momentum, and energy (10) layer and its importance in fluid
The Bernoulli’s equation and mechanics (19) A brief
its application (11) Dimensional introduction to external flows
analysis
Conservation laws
• Conservation of mass
▫Water mass
• Conservation of energy
▫Mass and energy are
related to each other
• Conservation of
momentum
▫Mass into velocity
1. Conservation of Mass
• msys = constant or dmsys/dt = 0

• For a control volume (CV), mass balance is expressed as;

▫min – mout = dmCV


• The amount of mass flowing through a cross section per
unit time is called the mass flow rate
Conservation of Mass Principle
• The net mass transfer to or from a control volume during
a time interval ∆t is equal to the net change (increase or
decrease) of the total mass within the control volume
during ∆t .
MECHANICAL ENERGY
• The form of energy that can be converted to mechanical
work completely and directly by an ideal mechanical
device such as an ideal turbine.
▫ Flow energy
▫ Kinetic energy
▫ Potential energy
• A pump transfers mechanical energy to a fluid by raising
its pressure, and a turbine extracts mechanical energy
from a fluid by dropping its pressure.
The transfer of mechanical energy is
usually accomplished by a rotating
shaft, and thus mechanical work is
often referred to as shaft work.
• Mechanical efficiency of a device or process is defined as;

• A conversion efficiency of less than 100 percent indicates that


conversion is less than perfect and some losses have
occurred during conversion.
• A mechanical efficiency of 74 percent indicates that 26
percent of the mechanical energy input is converted to
thermal energy as a result of frictional heating, and this
manifests itself as a slight rise in the temperature of the fluid.
THE BERNOULLI EQUATION
• The Bernoulli equation is an approximate relation
between pressure, velocity, and elevation, and is valid
in regions of steady, incompressible flow where net
frictional forces are negligible
• The key approximation in the derivation of the Bernoulli
equation is that viscous effects are negligibly small
compared to inertial, gravitational, and pressure effects

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