Exercise

1.2 A gas engine having a cylinder 250 nun bore and 950 into stroke has a
volumetric efficiency of 80%. Air-gas ratio equals 9:1, calorific value of fuel
21000 k.1 per ni 3 at NTP. Calculate the heat supplied to the engine per working
cycle. If the compression ratio is 5:1, what is the heat value of the mixture per
working stroke per in 3 of total cylinder volume'? Ans: (i) 30.08 kJ (ii) 1306.8
kJ/n9 3
1.3 A certain engine at full load delivers a 19rake power of 36.8 kW at certain
speed. It requires 7.30 kW to overcome the friction :int to rotate the engine
without load at the same speed. Calculate its mechanical efficiency. Assum ing
that the mechanical losses remain constant, what will be the mechanical
efficiency at half load and quarter load. Aus: (i)83.33% (ii) 71.42% (iii) 55,55%
1.4 Au engine used for pumping wader develops a brake power of 168 ktii, Its
indicated thermal efficiency is 30%, mechanical efficiency is 80%, calorific
value of the fuel is 42,000 kJ/kg and its specific gravity = 0.875. Calculate (i)
the fuel consumption of the engine in (a) kg/11 (b) litres/h (ii) indicated specific
fuel consumption and (iii) brake specific fuel consumption. Arts: (r) (a) 1.31 kg/h
(b) 1.5017 litres/h (ii) 0.2856 kg/kW h (iii) 0.3571 kg/kW h
1.5 A two-stroke CI engine develops a brake power of 368 kW while its frictional
power is 73.6 kW. Its fuel consumption is 180 kg/h and works with an air -fuel
ratio of 20:1. The heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated
power (ii) mechanical efficiency (iii) air consumption per hour (iv) indicated
thermal efficiency and (v) brake thermal effiOltricy, Arms (i) 441.6 kW (ii)
83.3% (iii) 3600 kg/h (iv) 21% (v) 17.5%
1.6 Compute the brake mean effective pressure of a four-cylinder, four-stroke
diesel engine having 150 mm bore and 200 mm stroke, which develops a brake
power of 73.6 kW at 1200 rpm. Ans: 5.206 bar
1.7 Compute the brake mean effective pressure of a four-cylinder. Two-stroke
engine, 100 mm bore 125 mm stroke when it develops a torque of 490 Nm. A ns
: 7.84 bar
1.8 Find the brake thermal efficiency of an engine, which consumes 7 kg of fhi 1
ni 20 minutes and develops a brake power of 65 kW. The ft tH has a heating valu e
of 42000 kJ/kg. Arts: 26.53%
1.9 Find the mean piston speed of a diesel engine running at 1500
rpm. The engine has a 100 mm bore and L/d ratio is 1.5.
Ails: 7.5 m/s
1.10 An engine is using 5.2 kg of air per minute while operating at 1200 rpm. The
engine requires 0.2256 kg of fuel per hour to produce an indicated power of 1
kW. The air-fuel ratio is 15:1. Indicated thermal efficiency is 38% and
mechanical efficiency is 80%. Calculate (i) brake power and (ii) heating value of
the fuel. Arts: (i) 73.7 kW (ii) 41992.89 kJ/kg
1.11 A four-cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine has a bore of 80 mm and
stroke of 80 mm. The compression ratio is 8. Calculate the cubic capacity of the
engine and the clearance volume of each cylinder. What type of engine is this?
Arm: (i) 1608.4 cc (ii) 57.4 cc (iii) Square engine
1.12 A four-stroke, compression-ignition euTinl- v:til Four cylinders develops an
indicated power of 125 kV.. :.ild livers a brak• power of 100 kW. Calculate (i)
frictiou) 1 p:Av (ii) unechanic,t1 efficiency of the engine. Ana. NI 25 kW 809
1.13 An engine with 80 percent mechanical efficiency dowlops brake power of 30
kW. Find its indicated power and frictional power. If frictional power is assumed
to be constant, what will be the mechanical efficiency at half load.
Ans: 37.5 kW (ii) 7.5 kW (iii) 66.7%
1.14 A single-cylinder. Compression-ignition engine with a brake thermal
efficiency of 30% uses high spec d diesel oil having a calorific value of 42000
kJ/kg. If its mechanical efficiency is 80 per cent, calculate (i) bs f c in kg/kW li
(ii) is f c in kg/kW h
Arts: (1) 0.286 kg/kW h (ii) 0.229 kg/kW h
1.15 A po rol engine , uses a fuel of calorific value of 42000 kJ/kg and
;I SPC ( f it gravity of 0.75. The brake thermal efficiency is 24
I ■er cf.nt mid tilt i Ii uiical efficiency is 80 per cent. If the engine
develops a brake power of 29.44 kW. calculate (i) volume of the fuel consumed per
serial(' f hi indicated thermal efficiency
(1) 2.92x10 -3 kg/s (ii) 30%

1.16 A single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine haying a displacement volume of

790 cc is tested at 300 rpm. When a braking torque of 49 Nm is applied. Analysis
the indicator diagram gives a mean effective pressure of 980 kPa. Calcu late the
brake power and mechanical efficiency of the engine.
(I) 1.54 kW (ii) 79.4%
1.17 A four-stroke SI engine delivers a brake power of 441.6 kW
With a mechanical efficiency of 85 per cent. The measured fuel consumption is 160
kg of fuel in one hour and air consumption is 410 kg during one sixth of an hour.
The heating value of the full is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indicated power (ii)
frictional power (iii) air-fuel ratio (iv) indicated thermal efficiency (v) brake
thermal efficiency.
(i) 519.5 kW (ii) 77.9 kW (iii) 15.5
(iv) 28.1% (v) 23.9%
1.18A Iwo-stroke CI engine develops a brake power of 368 kW while 73.6 kW is
used to overcome the friction losses. It consumes 180 kg/h of fuel at an air -fuel
ratio of 20:1. The heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i) indi cated
 power (ii) mechanical efficiency; (iii) Air consumption (iv) indicated thermal
efficiency (v) brake thermal efficiency.
Ans : (i) 441.6 kW (ii) 83.33 1 kg/s
(iv) 21% (v) 17.5%
1.19 A four-stroke petrol engine delivers a brake power of 36.8 kW with a
mechanical efficiency of 80%. The air-fuel ratio is 15:1 and the fuel consumption
is 0.4068 kg/kW h. The heating value of the fuel is 42000 kJ/kg. Calculate (i)
indicated power (ii) frictional power(iii) brake thermal efficiency (iv) indicated
thermal efficiency (v) total fuel consumption (vi) air consumption/second.
(i) 46 kW (ii) 9.2 kW (iii) 21% (iv) 26.25%
(v) 0.0042 kg/s (vi) 0.063 kg/s.
1.20 A spark-ignition engine has a fuel-air ratio of 0.067. How many kg of air hour
is required for a brake power output of 73.6 kW at an overall brake thermal
efficiency of 20%? How m 3 of air is required per hour if the density of air

3.2 An engine operates on Otto cycle between pressures 1 bar and 30 bar. The ratio
of pressure at constant volume is 4. The temperature at the end of compression is
200 °C and the law of compression and expansion is PV 1 : 3 = constant. If the
engine now operates on Carnot cycle for the same range of temperature, find
the effi cienc y of the c ycl e. Ans: 84.3%

3.3 An Otto cycle engine having a clearance volume of 250 cc has a compression
ratio of 8. The ratio of pressure rise at constant volume is 4. If the initial pressure
is 1 bar, find the work done per cycle and the theoretical mean effective
pressure. Take = 1 . 4 . A r t s : ( i ) 1 9 4 6 . 1 J / c yc l e ( i i ) 1 1 . 1 2 b a r

3.4 Find the mep for the ideal air-standard Otto cycle having a maximum pressure
of 40 bar and minimum pressure of 1 bar. The compression ratio is 5:1. Take -
y = 1.4 Ans: 9.04 bar
3.5 An engine working on ideal Otto cycle, the ratio of temperature at the beginning
of compression is 300 K. If the ideal air-standard efficiency = 0.5, calculate the
compression ratio of the engine. If the peak temperature of the cycle is 1150 K,
calculate the temperature when the piston is at BDC during e x p a n s i o n s t r o k e .
Ans: (i) 5.66 (ii) 575 K
3.6 A 2.7 litre cubic capacity, six-cylinder, four-stroke Otto engine has a compression
ratio of 10. The engine develops 138 kW at 5000 rpm. Calculate (i) air-standard
efficiency; (ii) the necessary rate of heat addition; (iii) the mean effective pressure
of the cycle; (iv) the peak temperature and pressure of the cycle.
Ans: (i) 0.602 (ii) 229.23 kW (iii) 12.26 bar
(iv) 2966 K (v) 98.8 bar