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Doubtnut Today: Baap of All Formula Lists

The document provides formulas for 3D geometry concepts: 1) It lists formulas for distance between two points, dividing a line segment, midpoint of a line segment, area of a triangle, and volume of a tetrahedron. 2) It describes the general equation of a plane, normal vector to a plane, and particular cases of the plane equation. 3) It provides formulas for the point-direction form, intercept form, three point form, normal form, and parametric form of a plane. It also describes formulas for dihedral angle between planes and conditions for parallel and perpendicular planes.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
101 views7 pages

Doubtnut Today: Baap of All Formula Lists

The document provides formulas for 3D geometry concepts: 1) It lists formulas for distance between two points, dividing a line segment, midpoint of a line segment, area of a triangle, and volume of a tetrahedron. 2) It describes the general equation of a plane, normal vector to a plane, and particular cases of the plane equation. 3) It provides formulas for the point-direction form, intercept form, three point form, normal form, and parametric form of a plane. It also describes formulas for dihedral angle between planes and conditions for parallel and perpendicular planes.

Uploaded by

Abhishek kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAAP OF ALL FORMULA LISTS

   
FOR IIT JEE
   
3D GEOMETRY
   
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SL# FORMULA

Distance Between two points
   
1
2 2 2
d = AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 ) + (z2 − z1 )

Dividing a Line Segment in the Ratio
   
x1 + λx2
λx0 = , 
1 + λ  
 
2 y1 + λy2
y0 = , 
1 + λ  
 
z1 + λz2 AC
z0 = , whereλ = , λ ≠ − 1 .
1 + λ CB

Midpoint of a Line Segment
   
x1 + x2
x0 = , 
2  
3  
y0 = (y1 + y2 ) / 2 , 
   
z1 + z2
z0 = , λ = 1 .
2

Area of a Triangle The area of a triangle with vertices
   
P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 ), P2 (x2 , y2 , z2 ), and P3 (x3 , y3 , z3 ) is given by 

   
4  2 2 2
 ∣ y1 z1 1∣ ∣ z1 x1 1∣ ∣ x1 y1 1∣

1 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

S =  ∣ y2 z2 1∣ +

z2 x2 1

+ ∣ x2 y2 1∣ .
2 ∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣ y3 z3 1∣ ∣ z3 x3 1∣ ∣ x3 y3 1∣

5 Volume of a Tetrahedron
   
The  volume  of  a  tetrahedron  with  vertices  P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 ), P2 (x2 , y2 , z2 ), P3 (x3 , y3 , z3 )   and 
P4 (x4 , y4 , z4 ) is given by 

   
∣ x1 y1 z1 1∣
∣ ∣ ∣ x1 − x4 y1 − y4 z1 − z4 ∣
1 x2 y2 z2 1 1 ∣ ∣
∣ ∣
V = ± , or V = ± ∣ x2 − x4 y2 − y4 z 2 − z 4 ∣.
∣ ∣
6 x3 y3 z3 1 6 ∣ ∣  
∣ ∣ ∣ x3 − x4 y3 − y4 z3 − z4 ∣
∣ x4 y4 z4 1∣

 
Note: We choose the sign (+) or (­) so that to get a positive answer for volume.
General Equation of a Plane
6    
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

Normal Vector to a plane 
7    

The vector  n (A, B, C) is normal to the plane Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

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Particular Cases of the Equation of a plane
   
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0

   
If A = 0, the plane is parallel to the x­axis. 
   
If B = 0, the plane is parallel to the y­axis. 
   
8 If C = 0 the plane is parallel to the z­axis. 
   
If D = 0, the plane lies on the origin. 
   
If A = B = 0, the plane is paralle to the xy­plane, 
   
If B = C = 0 the plane is parallel to the yz­plane. 
   
If A = C = 0 the plane is parallel to the xz­plane.

Point Direction form
   
9
A(x − x0 ) + B(y − y0 ) + C(z − z0 ) = 0   where  the  point  P (x0 , y0 , z0 )  lies  in  the  plane,  and
the vector (A,B,C) is normal to the plane.

Intercept form
   
10 x y z
+ + = 1
a b c

Three Point Form
   
∣ x y z 1∣

∣ ∣
∣ x − x3 y − y3 z − z3 ∣ x1 y1 z1 1
11 ∣ ∣
∣ ∣
∣ ∣
∣ x1 − x3 y1 − y3 z1 − z3 ∣ = 0, or x1 y1 z1 1 = 0
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣

∣ x2 − x3 y2 − y3 z2 − z3 ∣ ∣x y2 z2 1∣
2
∣ ∣
∣ x3 y3 z3 1∣

Normal Form
   
12 cos α + y cos β + z cos gama − p = 0  where p is the perpendicular distance from the origin to
the plane, and cos α, cos β, cos γ  are the direction cosines of any line normal to the plane.

Parametric form 
   
⎧ x = x1 + a 1 s + a 2 t

13 ⎨ y = y1 + b1 + b2 t  where  (x, y, z) are the coordinates of any unknown point on the line the




z = z1 + c 1 s + c 2 t

point  P (x1 , y1 , z1 )  lies  in  the  plane,  the  vectors  (a1 , b1 , c1 )  and  (a2 , b2 , c2 )  are  parallel  to  the
plane.

14 Dihedral Angle Between Two Planes
 
If the planes are given by  A1 x + B1 y + C 1 z + D 1 = 0 ,  A2 x + B2 y + C 2 z + D 2 = 0 , then the
→ →
n 1. n 2 A 1 A 2 + B1 + B2 + C 1 C 2
dihedral angle between them is cos ϕ = =
∣→ ∣ ∣→ ∣ 2 2 2 2 2 2
n 1 . n 2 √A + B + C . √A + B + C
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 1 1 1 2 2 2

Parallel Planes Two planes
   
15 A 1 x + B1 y + C 1 z + D 1 = 0   and  A 2 x + B2 y + C 2 z + D 2 = 0   are  parallel  if 
A1 B1 C1
= =
A2 B2 C2

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Perpendicular planes 
   
16 Two planes  A1 x + B1 y + C 1 z + D1 = 0  and  A2 x + B2 y + C 2 z + D 2 = 0  are perpendicular if 
A 1 A 2 + B1 B2 + C 1 C 2 = 0

Equation of a Plane Through P (x1 , y1 , z1 ) and Parallel to the vectors (a1 , b1 , c1 ) and (a2 , b2 , c2 )


   
17 ∣ x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ a1 b1 c1 ∣ = 0
∣ ∣
∣ a2 b2 c2 ∣

Equation of a plane through
   
P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 ) and P2 (x2 , y2 , z2 ),  and Parallel to the vector (a, b, c) is

   
18
∣ x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 ∣ = 0
∣ ∣
∣ a b c ∣

Distance  From  a  point  to  a  plane  the  distance  from  the  point  P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 )   to  the  plane 
19 ∣ Ax1 + By1 + Cz1 + D ∣
Ax + By + Cz + D = 0isd = ∣ ∣ .
∣ √ A 2 + B2 + C 2 ∣

Point Direction Form of the Equation of a Line 
   
20 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= , ,  where  the  point  P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 )  lies  on  the  lines  and  (a, b, c)  is  the
a b c
direction vector of the line.

Two Point Form
   
21 x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
= =
x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1

Parametric Form
   
⎧ x = x1 + t cos α

⎨ y = y1 + t cos β ,  
22 ⎩
⎪  
z = z1 + t cos γ

 
where  the  point  P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 )  lies  on  the  straight  lines,  cos α, cos β, cos γ   are  the  direction
cosines of the direction vector of the line, the parameter t is any real number.

23 Angle Between Two Straight Lines
 
→ →
s 1. s 2 a 1 a 2 + b1 b2 + c 1 c 2
cos ϕ = = .
∣→ ∣ ∣→ ∣ 2 2 2 2 2 2
s 1 . s 2 √a + b + c . √a + b + c
∣ ∣ ∣ ∣ 1 1 1 2 2 2

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Parallel Lines
   
24 a1 b1 c1
→ →
Two lines are parallel if  s 1 ∣ ∣ s 2, or = = .
a2 b2 c2

Perpendicular Lines
25    
→ →
Two lines are perpendicular if  s 1. s 2 = 0 , or a1 a2 + b1 b2 + c 1 c 2 = 0

Intersection of two lines Two Lines 
   
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1 x − x2 y − y2 z − z2
= =  and  = =  intersect at 
a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2  
26  
∣ x2 − x1 y2 − y1 z2 − z1 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ a1 b1 c1 ∣ = 0
∣ ∣
∣ a2 b2 c2 ∣

Parallel Line and Plane
   
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
27 The  straight  line  = =   and  the  plane  Ax + By + Cz + D = 0   are
a b c
→ →
parallel iif  n . s = 0 , or Aa + Bb + Cc = 0

Perpendicular Line and Plane
   
x − x1 y − y1 z − z1
28 The  straight  line  = =   and  the  plane  Ax + By + Cz + D = 0   are
a b c

→ → A B C
perpendicular if  n ∣ ∣ s  or  = = .
a b c

General Quadratic Equation
29    
2 2 2
Ax + By + Cz + 2F yz + 2Gzx + 2H xy + 2P x + 2Qy + 2Rz + D = 0

Real Ellipsoid (Case 1)
   
30 x
2
y
2
z
2

+ + = 1
2 2 2
a b c

Imaginary Ellipsoid (Case 2)
   
31 y
2
z
2
2 2
x + a + + = − 1
2 2
b c

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32 Hyperboloid of 1 Sheet (Case 3)
   
2 2 2
x y z
+ − = 1
2 2 2
a b c

Hy­erboloid of 2 Sheets (case 4)
   
33 x
2
y
2
z
2

+ − = − 1
2 2 2
a b c

Real Quadric Cone (Case 5)
   
34 x
2
y
2
z
2

+ − = 0
2 2 2
a b c

Imaginary Quadric Cone (case 6)
   
35 x
2
y
2
z
2

+ + = 0
2 2 2
a b c

Elliptic Paraboloid (Case 7 )
   
36 x
2
y
2

+ − z = 0
2 2
a b

Hyperbolic Paraboloid (Case 8) 
   
37 x
2
y
2

− − z = 0
2 2
a b

Real Ellipstic Cylinder (case 9)
   
38 x
2
y
2

+ = 1
2 2
a b

Imaginary Elliptic Cylinder (case 10)
   
39 x
2
y
2

+ = − 1
2 2
a b

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Hyperbolic Cylinder (Case 11)
   
40 x
2
y
2

− = 1
2 2
a b

Real Intersecting Planes (Case 12) 
   
41 x
2
y
2

− = 0
2 2
a b

Imaginary Intersecting Planeks (case 13)
   
42 x
2
y
2

+ = 0
2 2
a b

43 Parabolic Cylinder (Case 14) 
   
2
x
− y = 0
2
a

Real Parallel Planes (case 15) 
   
44 x
2

= 1
2
a

Imaginary Parallel Planes (case 16)
   
45 2
x
= − 1
2
a

Coincident Planes (case 17)
46    
2
x = 0

Equation of a sphere Centered at the origin (standard form)
47    
2 2 2 2
x + y + z = R

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Equation of a Circle Centered at Any point 
48    
2 2 2 2
(a, b, c), (x − a) + (y − b) + (z − c) = R

Diameter Form
   
49 (x − x1 )(x − x2 )(y − y1 )(y − y2 ) + (z − z1 )(z − z2 ) = 0  where
   
P1 (x1 , y1 , z1 ), P2 (x2 , y2 , z2 )  are the ends of a diameter.

Four Point Form
   
2 2 2
∣x + y + z x y z 1∣

∣ 2 2 2 ∣
x + y + x x1 y1 z1 1
∣ 1 1 1 ∣
50
∣ 2 2 2 ∣
x + y + x x2 y2 z2 1 = 0
2 2 2
∣ ∣
2 2 2
∣x + y + x x3 y3 z3 1∣
3 3 3
∣ ∣
2 2 2
∣ x4 + y 4 + x4 x4 y4 z4 1∣

General Form
   
Ax
2
+ Ay
2
+ Az
2
+ Dx + Ey + F z + M = 0  (A is nonzero). 
   
51 The center of the sphere has coordinates (a,b,c) where a = −
D
, b = −
E
, c = −
F
 
2A 2A 2A  
 
√D2 + E 2 + F 2 2
− 4A M
The radius of the sphere is R =
2A

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