VECTOR 3D T2

SCQ
  
Q.1 The expression in the vector form for the point r1 of intersection of the plane r · n  d and the perpendicular
  
line r  r0  t n where t is a parameter given by
   
   d  r0 · n      r0 · n  
(A*) r1  r0    2  n (B) r1  r0    2  n
 n   n 
   
   r0 · n  d      r0 · n  
(C) r1  r0     n (D) r1  r0     n
 |n|   |n| 
    
[Sol. Let r1  r0  t n put in plane r · n  d
  
( r0  t n ) · n = d
   
t n · n  d  r0 · n
 
d  r0 · n
or t  2
n
 
   d  r0 · n  
r1  r0    2  n Ans. ]
 n 

    and
 
Q.2 The angles of a triangle, two of whose sides are represented by the vectors   ;
 
 
where is a non-zero vector and  is a unit vector in the direction of , are :
 
(A) tan 1 




 
 ; tan 1   ; tan 1 
   



(B*) tan 1   ; tan 1 



 ; cot 1 (0)


(C) tan 1   ; tan 1(2) ; tan 1




 

 
(D) tan 1(1); tan 1(1); cot1(0)
 
[Sol. Consider V1 . V2  0  A = 900
  
| b  (â.b) â | 3 | â  b |
Using sine law, 
sin  cos 
    
1 b  (â.b) â
0
1 | (â  b)  â | 1 | â  b | a sin 90 1 
tan =      =      ]
3 |ab| 3 |ab| 3 |ab| 3 6
Q.3 Consider the following 5 statements.
I There exists a plane containing the points (1, 2, 3) and (2, 3, 4) and perpendicular to the vector

V1  î  ĵ  k̂ .
II There exist no plane containing the point (1, 0, 0) ; (0, 1, 0) ; (0, 0, 1) and (1, 1, 1)
   
III If a plane with normal vector N is perpendicular to a vector V then N · V = 0
IV If two planes are perpendicular then every line in one plane is perpendicular to every line on the
other plane.
V Let P1 and P2 are two perpendicular planes. If a third plane P 3 is perpendicular to P1 then it
might be parallel or perpendicular or at an angle of 45° to P2.
Choose the correct alternative.
(A) exactly one is false (B) exactly 2 are false
(C*) exactly 3 are false (D) none is false
 
[Sol. I False: vector parallel to the plane V1  î  ĵ  k̂
  
vector normal to the plane n  î  ˆj  k̂  V·n = 1 + 1 – 1 = 1  0
Hence such a plane is not possible
II True: Equation of the plane containing the 1st 3 points x + y + z = 1 ....(1)
(1) does not satisfy (1, 1, 1) Hence no such plane exists  True
    
III False: If should be N   V . If N ·V = 0  plane is parallel to the vector V
IV False: Consider two lines say 3î  ˆj in xy plane and 2 ĵ  k̂ in yz plane.
V True ]
  
Q.4 If the vectors are non-coplanar then the box product

2a  b  c   a  3b  3c  3a  2 b  2c  = 0 for

2

(A) no value of  (B) exactly one value of 

(C) exactly 2 values of  (D*) all values of 
   
V  2a  b c 
 1
2    
[Sol. V  λ a  3b  3c  where a , b , c are non  coplanar
 2   
V3  3a  2b   2c 

2 1 1  2 1 1
    
 [V1 V2 V3 ]  2 3  3 [a b c ]  0 ;But [a b c ]  0 2
3  3  0 which is true    R ]
3 2 2 3 2 2

 
Q.5 Let     ;     ;     be three non-zero vectors such

     
that is a unit vector perpendicular to both . If the angle between is then the value of the

a1 b1 c1
determinant a 2 b2 c2 =
a3 b3 c3

(A*) ±
       (B) 1

(C) ±        (D) 0

     
[Sol. D2 = sin2  (as cos  = 1 ) = sin2 ]
     
Q.6 If & are position vectors of the points A, B, C & P, Q, R respectively , such
     
that    &    where r is a real number then set of points A, B, C and set of
points P, Q, R are
(A*) collinear (B) similar triangles
(C) congruent triangles (D) triangles of equal area
  
[Sol. Note that : (1  r) + r  = 0  x + y + z = 0. Hence A, B, C are collinear ]
 
 
   
Alternatively :  =r   =r  A, B, C are collinear
   
 
Similarly  = r    =r  P, Q, R are collinear ]
            
Q.7 Four vectors a , b, c and x satisfy the relation (a · x ) b  c  x where b · a  1 . The value of x in terms
  
of a , b and c is equal to
      
(a · c)b  c(a · b  1) c
(1*)   (2)  
(a · b  1) a · b 1
       
2( a · c ) b  c 2( a · c ) c  c
(3)   (4)  
a · b 1 a · b 1
     
[Sol. (a · x ) b  c  x ....(1) taking dot with a
             
(a · x )(b · a )  ( c · a )  (a · x ) (a · x )(b · a  1)  ( c · a )
 
  (c · a )
(a · x )    ....(2) substituting in (1)
(b · a  1)
         
 c·a       c · a    (a · c)b  c(a · b  1)
   b  c x  x      b  c =   Ans.]
 b · a 1 (a · b  1)
   b · a 1
MCQ
Q.8 D-ABC is a tetrahedron where A(2,0, 0), B(0, 4, 0) and CD = 14 . The edge CD lies on the line
3
x 1 y2 z3 x
= = . If locus of centroid of tetrahedron is 2 = y  y1 = z  z1 then
1 2 3 1 a b
(A*) a + b = 5 (B*) y1 + z1 = 6 (C) y1 – z1 = 1 (D*) a + b + y1 = 8
[Sol. Let C  (1 + 1, 21 + 2, 31 + 3)
and D  (2 + 1, 22 + 2, 32 + 3) As, CD = 14
 (1 – 2) + 4(1 – 2) + 9(1 – 2) = 14
2 2 2  2 = 1 +  1
Let G  (, , )
 4 = 5 + 21 4 = 10 + 41 4 = 9 + 61
4 x  5 4 y  10 4z  9
 The locus of G(, , ) is = = =  (say)
2 4 6
 Any point on it is (4x = 2 + 5, 4y = 4 + 10, 4z = 6 + 9)

3  3 1
But, we are given  , y1 , z1   4   = 2 + 5   =
2  2 2

 3
x  
3  2  ( y  3) z  3
  , y1  3, z1  3   Locus is  = = ]
2  1 2 3
x 1 y z 1
Q.9 Consider a plane P : x – 2y + 3z = 7 and a line L : = = . P1 is the plane containing the
7 2 1
line L and perpendicular to the plane P. If A(a, b, 0) is a point on the line of intersection of the planes P
and P1 and two points B (1, 0, –1) and C(8, 2, –2) lie on the line L, then
(A) a – 2b = 9 (B*) a – 2b = 7
27 3
(C*) Ar(ABC) = sq. units (D) Ar(ABC) = 9 sq. units
2 7
[Note : Ar(ABC) denotes area of ABC.]
 x 1 y z 1
[Sol. P1 : 7 2 1 = 0
1 2 3
(18,2,–2) L=0
 2x – 11y – 8z = 10 (1,0,–1)B C
L is parallel to the plane P.
P1 = 0
Point of intersection of the planes
P and P1 with z-coordinate equal to 0. h

2 x  11y  10 57 4
x  2y  7   x = , y = P=0
7 7 A(a, b, 0)

 57 4 
 (a, b, 0)   , , 0 
 7 7 

1 1 9 27 3
Required area of ABC = × BC × h = 54  = .]
2 2 14 2 7

Q.10 If A(a ) ; B( b ) ; C ( c ) and D(d ) are four points such that

a   2î  4ˆj  3k̂ ; b  2î  8ˆj ; c  î  3ˆj  5k̂ ; d  4î  ˆj  7 k̂
d is the shortest distance between the lines AB and CD, then which of the following is True?

[ AB CD BD]
(A) d = 0, hence AB and CD intersect (B*) d =
| AB  CD |

23 [ AB CD AC]
(C*) AB and CD are skew lines and d = (D*) d =
13 | AB  CD |

[Sol. AB  b  a = 4î  12ˆj  3k̂

CD = d  c  3î  4ˆj  12 k̂ AC = c  a  3î  7ˆj  2 k̂ BD = d  b  2î  9ˆj  7 k̂
( AB  CD ) · AC ( AB  CD ) · BD
By definition d = ... (i) = ... (ii)
| AB  CD | | AB  CD |

AB  CD = 13 (12î  3ˆj  4k̂ )  | AB  CD | = 169

13 (12î  3 ĵ  4k̂ ) 23
 d= · (3î  7ˆj  2k̂ ) = using (i)
169 13

13 (12î  3ˆj  4k̂ ) 23

also d= · (2î  9ˆj  7 k̂ ) = using (ii) ]
169 13
x 1 y  2 z  3 x  1 y  2 3( z  3) x 1 y  2 z  3
Q.11 Let L1 :   , L2 :   and L3 :  
2 1 3 1 3 5  32  19 15
be three lines. A plane intersecting these lines at A, B and C respectively such that PA = 2, PB = 3
and PC = 6 where P  (1, 2, 3). If V is the volume of the tetrahedron PABC and d is the
perpendicular distance of the plane from the point P then-
(A) V = 18 cubic units (B*) V = 6 cubic units
6
(C*) d = units (D) d = 7 units
14
[Sol. L1, L2 and L3 are mutually perpendicular lines and all these lines are passing through P(1, 2, 3).

V=
1
6
 1

PA PB PC = × 2 × 3 × 6 = 6 cubic units.
6
L2
1
V = (Base area) (Height) B
3
3
2 2 2 P
1 1  1  1  L1
6=   · 2 · 3    · 3· 6    · 2 · 6  × d 6 2 A
3 2  2  2 
C
18 18 6 L3
 d= = = units
9  81  36 126 14
Aliter: Shifting origin at (1, 2, 3) and considering lines L1 , L2, L3 as x-axis, y-axis, z-axis
Equation of plane A, B, C
x y z
  =1 3x + 2y + z – 6 = 0
2 3 6
6 6
Now, perpendicular distance of the plane from the origin d= = Ans. ]
9  4 1 14

Paragraph for Question no. 12 & 13

Consider two fixed points M(2, 0, 0) and N(3, 0, 2). Let OM (where O is origin) is rotated through O
in the xy-plane by a variable angle , to reach a new position OP.

Q.12 The maximum volume of tetrahedron OMNP is

2 4 8
(A) (B*) (C) (D) 1
3 3 3
Q.13 The equation of plane ONP is
(A) (2 sin ) x – (3 cos ) y + (2 sin ) z = 0 (B) (2 sin ) x – (2 cos ) y + (3 sin ) z = 0
(C*) (2 sin ) x – (2 cos ) y – (3 sin ) z = 0 (D) (2 sin ) x – (2 cos ) y – (3 sin ) z = 2

[Sol. Volume of tetrahedron OMNP is

1
6

OM ON OP  y

2 0 0 P (2 cos , 2 sin , 0)
1 8
Volume = 3 0 2 = |sin |
6 2 cos  2 sin  0 6
O 
M(2, 0, 0) x
4
(Vol)max = when sin  = 1 z N(3, 0, 2)
3
 
Equation of plane ONP is r · n = 0

where n  ON  OP   
= 3î  2k̂  2 cos  î  2 sin ˆj  0k̂
 
=  4 sin  î  4 cos ˆj  (6 sin ) k̂ r · n = (–4 sin )x + (4 cos )y + (6 sin )z = 0
(2 sin )x – (2 cos )y – (3 sin )z = 0 ]
Q.14 Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
List-I List-II
P. Area of a triangle with adjacent sides determined by vectors 1. 6
 
a and b is 1. Then the area of the triangle with adjacent sides
   
determined by 3a  4b and a  3b is    
   1
Q. Volume of parallelopiped determined by vectors a , b, c is . 2. 9
4
Then the volume of the parallelopiped determined by vectors

   
   
3 a  b , b  c , 4 c  a  is 
R. Area of a parallelogram with adjacent sides determined by vectors 3. 13
 
a and b is 8. Then the area of the parallelogram with adjacent
 
  
sides determined by vectors 2a  b and b is
   1
S. Volume of tetrahedron determined by vectors a , b and c is . 4. 16
2
Then the volume of the tetrahedron determined by vectors
   
     
2 a  b , 3 b  c and c  a  is

Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 2 1 4 3
(B*) 3 1 4 2
(C) 2 1 3 4
(D) 3 1 2 4
[Sol.
 
(P) ab = 2


1 
2

   1  

3a  4b  a  3b = 13 a  b = 13.
2
  
(Q) 
 1
abc 
4


     
 
 3 a  b b  c 4c  a  = 12(2) a b c =
24
4
=6   
 
(R) ab = 8
 
2a  b b
 
 = 2 a  b = 16

(S)
1 
6

abc =
1
2
 
 a bc =3  
   
1             2
 
 2 a  b 3 b  c c  a  = a  b b  c c  a = a b c = 9. ]
6
  
Q.15 In a regular tetrahedron, the centres of the four faces are the vertices of a smaller tetrahedron. The ratio
m
of the volume of the smaller tetrahedron to that of the larger is , where m and n are relatively prime
n
positive integers. Find the value of (m + n) . [Ans. 28]
1    1 1  
[Sol. Vl = [a b c ] ; Vs = · [a b c ]
6 6 27
Vs 1 m n m
Hence V  27 = or = =k
l n 27 1
 m and n are relatively prime  k = 1, (m + n) = 28
further hint for
  
1 a b c  1 1  
Vs =  · ·  = · [a b c] ]
6  3 3 3  6 27
        
Q.16 Let u , v , w be the vectors such that u  v  w  0 , if u  3 , v  4 & w  5 then find the
     
value of u · v  v · w  w · u . [Ans. 25]


Q.17 Let a = (2 + sin ) î + cos  ˆj + sin 2 k̂ ,
  2   2   4 
b = sin     î + cos    ˆj + sin  2   k̂
 3   3   3 

  2   2   4 
c = sin     î + cos    ĵ + sin  2   k̂
 3   3   3 

 
be three vectors where   0,  . Find the maximum volume of tetrahedron whose coterminous
 2
     
edges are represented by the vector 2b  c , 3c  a and a  4b .
[Ans. 12]

2  sin  cos  sin 2


   2    2    4 
[Sol. [a b c ] = sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 
 2   2   4 
sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 

R1  R1 + R 2 + R 3

2 2 4
2  sin   2 sin  cos cos   2 cos  cos sin 2  2 sin 2 cos
3 3 3
 2   2   4 
= sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 
 2   2   4 
sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 
 2 0 0
 2   2   4 
= sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 
 2    2    4 
sin     cos    sin  2  
 3   3   3 

  2   4   4   2  
 2  cos    sin  2    sin  2   cos    
  3   3   3   3 

 2   2 
= sin  3   – sin (2 – ) – sin  3   – sin ( + 2)
 3   3 

 2   
= –  2 cos 3 sin  =  3 cos 3 [a b c] = 3  3 =    =
 3  max 3


1       1      
  
 
Required volume = 2b  c 3c  a a  4b =  24 b  c c  a a  b = 4 a b
6 6

c 
2

Max. value = 4 × 3 = 12 ]

x 1 y  3 z  4
Q.18 Let image of the line   in the plane 2x – y + z + 3 = 0 be L.
3 5 2
A plane 7x + By + Cz + D = 0 is such that it contains the line L and perpendicular to the plane
2x – y + z + 3 = 0. Find the value of (B + 3C + D).
[Ans. 4]
[Sol. The equation of required plane is 7x + y – 13z + 42 = 0
 On comparing, we get B = 1, C = – 13, D = 42
So, (B + 3C + D) = 1 + 3 (–13) + 42 = 4 ]

Q.19 If area of a triangular face BCD of a regular tetrahedron ABCD is 4 3 sq. units, then find area of a
triangle whose two sides are represented by vectors AB and CD .
[Ans. 8]
3
[Sol. Ar (BCD) = a2 = 4 3 a = 4
4

a a

a
B D
a a

Vectors AB and CD are perpendicular

P

Q R
4

1
Ar( PQR) = 2
×4×4=8 ]
 x 1 y  1 z
Q.20 Let L1 be the projection line of a line L :   on the plane  : 3x – 4z – 2 = 0. P and Q
4 1 3
are the points on L1 corresponding to A  (1, –1, 0) and B  (5, 0, 3) on the line L. If R is the point
p
on the line L which divides AB externally in the ratio 31 : 5 then area of PQR = where
q
p, q  N. Find the least value of (4p – q). [Ans. 2]
[Sol. Line L is parallel to the plane.
L1 is the projection line on the plane and P & Q are foot of the parallel on the plane.
L1
R is a point on the line L
A(1,–1,0) (5,0,3)
1 B
 Area of PQR = × PQ × AP
2

1 1 26
=  26  =
2 5 10
P Q
26 13 L1
= 
100 50
 4p – q = 52 – 50 = 2 Ans.]