EXPERIMENT NO.

1
LABORATORY EQUIPMENTS IN BLOOD
BANKING

DESCRIBE AND GIVE THE FUNCTIONS OF ALL EQUIPMENTS AND

GLASSWARES ENUMERATED.

• EQUIPMENTS

A. Heavy Equipments

I. BLOOD BANK STORAGE REFRIGERATOR- is an essential piece of equipment

in the immunohematology department and provides safe and convenient storage of
whole blood, blood components, and reagents. Blood bank refrigerators ensure
freshness and integrity of blood and blood components.

Ref: https://www.who.int/medical_devices/innovation/hospt_equip_28.pdf?ua=1

II. VIEWING BOX

RH View Box Come with a soft fluorescent, glare free bulb that provide excellent
uniform slide illumination and a temperature indicator that easily and accurately
monitor the viewing area and regulates the temperature to compensate for ambient
temperature changes (range45°C to 50°C).RH View Box has built-in temperature
indicator for easy and accurate monitoring of the viewing area. An Rh slide can reach a
temperature of 37°C to 39°C in two minutes, eliminating heating up. The viewing area
temperature is easily adjustable to compensate for any ambient temperature of housing,
pivotally supported in a frame. RH View Box Meets the Rh slide test standards set by
the AABB.

Ref: http://newmeditech.com/products/blood-bank-equipments-products/rh-view-box/

III. MECHANICAL ROTATOR- is for measurements necessitating high magnetic

fields, a mechanical motor can be employed to rotate the sample within the magnetic
field. With a rotating sample, flexible electrical connections are possible.

Ref:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.azonano.com/amp/article.aspx%3fArticleID=50

IV. HOT OVEN STERILIZER- is commonly used for dry heat sterilization. Dry heat
sterilization is a method of controlling microorganisms. It employs higher temperatures
in the range of 160-180°C and requires exposures time up to 2 hour, depending upon
the temperature employed.
The benefit of dry heat includes good penetrability and non-corrosive nature which
makes it applicable for sterilizing glasswares and metal surgical instruments. It is also
used for sterilizing non-aqueous thermostable liquids and thermostable powders.

Dry heat destroys bacterial endotoxins (or pyrogens) which are difficult to eliminate by
other means and this property makes it applicable for sterilizing glass bottles which are
to be filled aseptically). Dry heat kills by Oxidation, Protein Denaturation and toxic
effects of eleveated levels of electrolytes.

Ref: http://www.acmasindia.com/blog/hot-air-oven/

V. WATER BATH- A laboratory water bath is used to heat samples in the lab. Some
applications include maintaining cell lines or heating flammable chemicals that might
combust if exposed to open flame.
Typically used during an incubation in microbiological laboratory work, a water bath
keeps water at a consistent temperature. A water bath can also be used to enable a
chemical reaction to occur once the water reaches a certain temperature.

A water bath should be filled with distilled water and checked regularly to make sure
the temperature remains correct. It is generally recommended to keep a thermometer in
the water to record the temperature.

Ref: https://www.labcompare.com/General-Laboratory-Equipment/80-Water-Baths/

VI. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE- a microscope is to magnify a small object or to

magnify the fine details of a larger object in order to examine minute specimens that
cannot be seen by the naked eye.

Ref: https://www.microscopemaster.com/parts-of-a-compound-microscope.html

VII. WEIGHING SCALE- Used for determining the weight or mass of a sample,
scientific balances are among the more vital pieces of laboratory equipment.

Ref: https://www.biocompare.com/Lab-Equipment/6465-Balances/

VIII. SEROFUGE- is a piece of laboratory equipment that is used in blood banking by

spinning the serum from whole blood red cells. Rouleaux detection, agglutination
grading, and direct antibody testing and antibody identification are just some of the test
serum is used for in blood banking. Serofuges may use angled heads, which allows the
cells to move along the side of the test tube to the bottom thus facilitating easier re-
suspension of the cells. Even though serofuges may all look similar, different models
can perform differently, even at the same setting. Each serofuge needs to be calibrated
individually for each technique that is used. That will ensure that the optimum length of
spin will be achieved in order that clear cut agglutination is produced without it causing
false negatives or positives.
Ref: https://bloodbankdepot.com/more/serofuges/

IX. REFRIGERATED CENTRIFUGE- Refrigerated centrifuge works on the concept

of sedimentation principle by holding up the sample tubes with a capacity of 2ml, 10ml
and 50ml in rotation around a fixed axis. In this, the centripetal force causes the denser
substances to separate out along the radial direction in the bottom of the centrifuge
tube.

Ref: https://www.che.iitb.ac.in/online/labfacility/

B. GLASSWARE AND OTHERS

I. VENIPUNCTURE SET
1. Syringe Needle/ Evacuated needle and Adapter/ Butterfly Needle
Syringes and needles are sterile devices used to inject solutions into or withdraw
secretions from the body. A syringe is a calibrated glass or plastic cylinder with a
plunger at one and an opening that attaches to a needle. The needle is a hollow metal
tube with a pointed tip.

Ref: https://www.surgeryencyclopedia.com/St-Wr/Syringe-and-Needle.html

2. Tourniquet- is a constricting or compressing device used to control venous and

arterial circulation to an extremity for a period of time. Pressure is applied
circumferentially to the skin and underlying tissues a limb; this pressure is transferred
to the vessel wall causing a temporary occlusion.

Ref: https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdch/Tourniqet_application_298317_7.pdf

3. Cotton Balls/Pads- are used to stop or prevent bleeding from minor punctures such
as injections or venipuncture. They may be secured in place with tape. Cotton pads are
also used in the application and the removal of makeup

Ref: https://cottonaustralia.com.au/australian-cotton/basics/uses-of-cotton

4. Alcohol- alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–
OH) is bound to a carbon.

II. TEST TUBE RACK- is an apparatus used in a laboratory to hold and transport test
tubes during experiments or while examining cultures. They can also accommodate
other lab tools, such as stirring rods and pipettes. Test tube racks may also be referred
to as test tube holders.

Ref: https://www.reference.com/science/function-test-tube-rack-d3ab47ad92061e24
III. GRADUATED CENTRIFUGE TUBE- are used in laboratory centrifuges,
machines that spin samples in order to separate solids out of liquid chemical solutions.
The centrifuge tubes can be made of glass or plastic, and resemble miniature test tubes
with tapered tips.

Ref: https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/custom-manufacturing-fabricating/laboratory-
glassware

IV. SEROLOGICAL PIPETTES- is a nearly ubiquitous laboratory instrument used

for transferring milliliter volumes of liquid. Serological pipettes typically have
gradations along their sides for measuring the amount of liquid being aspirated or
dispensed.

Ref: https://www.jove.com/science-education/5034/introduction-to-serological-
pipettes-and-pipettors

V. TEST TUBES - are slender containers that hold small amounts of liquid and are
used in scientific experiments. They can range between 50 mm to 250 mm in length
and 13 and 20 mm in width. Test tubes are usually made of glass or plastic, but the ones
that are made of glass are able to be used in heat-up situations. These tubes may also be
known as boiling tubes, as they can be used to raise solutions and reactions to boiling
temperature.

Ref: https://study.com/academy/lesson/test-tube-function-in-the-lab-lesson-quiz.html

VI. LANCET
is a small medical implement used for capillary blood sampling. A blood lancet is
similar to a small scalpel but with a double-edged blade or needle. Lancets are used to
make punctures, such as a fingerstick, to obtain small blood specimens. Blood lancets
are generally disposable.

Ref: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_lancet

VII. WASH BOTTLE

is a squeeze bottle made of low density polyethylene (LDPE) whose contents can be
forced out through a narrow hole at the top by squeezing the bottle.

Ref: https://glossary.periodni.com/glossary.php?en=wash+bottle

VIII. BLOOD BAGS WITH TUBING AND NEEDLE

It should contain the appropriate solutions and be sterile. Systems for the identification
of donors and patients, for the determination of antigens on their blood cells and the
antibodies in their sera, and for the procedures and processes used to gather and
maintain this information should be robust.
Ref: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897192/

IX. STETHOSCOPE- An instrument that is used to transmit low-volume sounds such

as a heartbeat (or intestinal, venous, or fetal sounds) to the ear of the listener. A
stethoscope may consist of two ear pieces connected by means of flexible tubing to a
diaphragm that is placed against the skin of the patient. The stethoscope has become
one of the symbols of the medical profession.

Ref: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=17896

X. SPHYGMONOMETER- An instrument for measuring blood pressure, particularly

in arteries. The two types of sphygmomanometers are a mercury column and a gauge
with a dial face. The sphygmomanometer in most frequent use today consists of a
gauge attached to a rubber cuff which is wrapped around the upper arm and is inflated
to constrict the arteries.

Ref: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=15771

XI. PASTEUR PIPETTES/ DROPPERS- Pipettes, also called pipets or chemical

droppers, are small tubes of glass or plastic used to transfer a measurable amount of
liquid from one container to another. They come in two forms: volumetric pipettes,
used to transfer varying, measured volumes.

Ref: https://sciencing.com/purpose-pipette-8743073.html
HI I’M, ________________________

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NAME: ________________

DAY 1 ACTIVITY:

FEARLESS TO OBEY

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DAY 1 ACTIVITY:

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QUESTIONS:

1. SINO ANG TATAY SA ATING KWENTO?

2. SINO ANG BATANG MASUNURIN SA KWENTO?

3. ANO ANG GINAWA NI ABRAHAM?

4. PINAYAGAN BA NG DIYOS MAPAHAMAK SI ISAAC?

5. ANO ANG NATUTUNAN MO SA ATING KWENTO?

NAME: ________________

DAY 2 ACTIVITY:

FEARLESS TO RESPECT
NAME: ________________

DAY 2 ACTIVITY:

FEARLESS TO RESPECT

I. WORD SEARCH GAME:

CHRIST MOTHER OBEY
TRUST RESPECT CARE
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Luke 1:37

“For there is Nothing

that God cannot do”

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Ephesians 6:2

“Respect your Father and

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Commandment that has

Promise added”
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Psalms 121:7

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Colosians 3:20

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Christian duty to obey

Your parents always, for

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