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Laboratory Apparatus and Equipments

The document outlines the uses of common laboratory apparatus and equipment essential for conducting experiments in a biology lab. It details various tools such as beakers, graduated cylinders, microscopes, and autoclaves, explaining their functions and importance in laboratory settings. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for proper procedures when using these instruments to ensure accurate and systematic experimentation.

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25 views12 pages

Laboratory Apparatus and Equipments

The document outlines the uses of common laboratory apparatus and equipment essential for conducting experiments in a biology lab. It details various tools such as beakers, graduated cylinders, microscopes, and autoclaves, explaining their functions and importance in laboratory settings. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for proper procedures when using these instruments to ensure accurate and systematic experimentation.

Uploaded by

mhdawalbnhashim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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USES OF COMMON LABORATOY

APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS

BIO 107: General Biology Practical I (1 credit)


Mrs. O.T. Akinola
Introduction
• Laboratory apparatus and equipment are
indispensable tool in the laboratory.

• Their uses enable students to conduct accurately and


systematically the practical assigned to them each
day.

• Different laboratory apparatus may carry a similar


function. Thus, as students, we should know the
proper procedures of using these lab instruments
while conducting the experiments apparatus is
needed for each experiment
Laboratory Apparatus
✓ Beaker: Is a cylindrical glass or plastic vessel used for holding liquids. It is a
multipurpose piece of equipment used for containing a chemical reaction,
mixing, measuring liquids, heating them over a Bunsen burner's flame or
collecting them in a titration experiment.
✓ Graduated Cylinder: Are used primarily for measuring of volume of liquid.
Graduated cylinders come in a variety of sizes such as 10 ml, 25 ml, 50 ml,
100 ml, 500 ml and 1,000 ml. Scientists take measurements by viewing, at
eye-level, the lowest point of the convex dip that the liquid in the cylinder
makes.
✓ Test tube: Is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-
like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed at the
bottom. Used to hold small samples, primarily quantitative assessment and
comparison.
Laboratory Apparatus Cont’d

✓ Test tube racks: Are laboratory equipment used to hold upright


multiple test tubes at the same time. They are most commonly
used when various different solutions are needed to work with
simultaneously, for safety reasons, for safe storage of test tubes,
and to ease the transport of multiple tubes.
✓ Droppers are used for addition of liquids drop by drop.
✓ Conical flask: Heating, storing, mixing, and performing chemical
reactions.
• Bunsen Burners: It is a mechanical apparatus that is connected
to a flammable gas source. There is a knob to adjust the amount of
gas flow
Laboratory Apparatus Cont’d
✓ Microscope slide: Is a thin flat piece of glass, typically 75 by 26 mm (3 by 1
inches) and about1 mm thick, used to hold objects for examination under a
microscope.
✓ Glass pipette: is a pipette with its volume, in increments, marked along the tube.
• It is used to accurately measure and transfer a volume of liquid from one container
to another.
✓ Spatula: Are for scooping solid chemicals.
• Forceps: Are used to grab small things like solid chemicals that are broken into
chunks, so they can be safely handled and added to containers.
✓ Petri dish: Is a shallow, circular, glass or plastic dish with a loose-fitting cover
over the top and sides, used for culturing bacteria and other microorganisms.
✓ Inoculation loop, also called a smear loop or inoculation wand is a simple tool
used mainly by microbiologists to pick up and transfer a small sample (inoculum)
from a culture of microorganisms, e.g. for streaking on a culture plate.
Laboratory Equipment
➢ Balances: A balance determines the mass of something, such as a dry chemical.
While balances once used two flat trays--one to hold the material and the other to
hold weights--electronic balances represent the norm in most laboratories.
➢ Autoclave: An autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill
harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores on items that are placed inside a
pressure vessel.
➢ It is a type of moist sterilization.
➢ Autoclave is use for sterilization of glass ware and biological culture media.
➢ The items are heated to an appropriate sterilization temperature of 121℃ for a
given amount of time of 15 minutes with a pressure of 15 pounds per square inch
(psi).
➢ Temperature, Pressure and Time are important parameters in an autoclave.
➢ Oven: Is used on equipment that cannot be wet and on material
that will not melt, catch fire, or change form when exposed to high
temperatures. It is a type of dry heat sterilization. Petri dishes
arranged in a cannister are sterilized in oven at 160℃ for 2 hours.
➢ pH meter: Is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen ion
concentration in solution, indicating its alkalinity or acidity which is
expressed as pH.
➢ It measures pH on a scale of 0 to 14. (0- 6 is acidic, 7 is neutral
while 8-14 is alkaline).
➢ pH meter is first calibrated in buffer solution before use.
➢ When not in use the electrode is submerged in a beaker containing
deionized water.
Laboratory Equipment Cont’d
➢ Centrifuge: Lab device used for separation. Separation occur on the basis of
density.

➢ Water Bath: A water bath is laboratory equipment made from a container filled with
heated water. It is used to incubate samples in water at a constant temperature over
a long period of time.
➢ Laminar cabinet: A laminar flow cabinet is defined as enclosed workbench which is
used to create a contamination free work environment through installed HEPA filters
that capture all the particles entering the cabinet.
➢ Fume Hoods: It’s a ventilation device that is designed to limit exposure of people to
hazardous or toxic fumes, vapour or dust. Fume hoods should be used when
working with toxic compounds or compounds with a boiling point below 120°C.
➢ Spectrophotometers are used to measure the absorbance or transmittance of a
liquid sample. Clean cuvettes are used to hold the sample for measurement.
TOP LOADING BALANCE
ANALYTICAL BALANCE
AUTOCLAVE OVEN
CENTRIFUGE
pH METER
LAMINAR CABINET

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